Water is nature's most precious resource and growing demand is pushing fresh water supplies to the brink of non-renewability. New technological and social initiatives that enhance conservation and reduce waste are...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781595939906
Water is nature's most precious resource and growing demand is pushing fresh water supplies to the brink of non-renewability. New technological and social initiatives that enhance conservation and reduce waste are needed. Providing consumers with fine-grained real-time information has yielded benefits in conservation of power and gasoline. Extending this philosophy to water conservation, we introduce a novel water monitoring system, NAWMS, that similarly empowers users. the goal of our work is to furnish users with an easy-to-install self-calibrating system that provides information on when, where, and how much water they are using. the system uses wireless vibration sensors attached to pipes and, thus, neither plumbing nor special expertise is necessary for its installation. By implementing a non-intrusive, autonomous, and adaptive system using commodity hardware, we believe it is cost-effective and widely deployable. NAWMS makes use of the existing household water flow meter, which is considered accurate, but lacks spatial granularity, and adds vibration sensors on individual water pipes to estimate the water flow to each individual outlet. Compensating for manufacturing, installation, and material variabilities requires calibration of these low cost sensors to achieve a reasonable level of accuracy. We have devised an adaptive auto-calibration procedure, which attempts to solve a two phase linear programming and mixed linear geometric programming problem. We show through experiments on a three pipe testbed that such a system is indeed feasible and adapts well to minimize error in the water usage estimate. We report an accuracy, over likely domestic flow-rate scenarios, with long-term stability and a mean absolute error of 7%.
In sensor networks, the location measure is one of the most important information. In this research, we propose a new method of DOA(direction of arrival) estimation for localizing in sensor networks with space light c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9784907764319
In sensor networks, the location measure is one of the most important information. In this research, we propose a new method of DOA(direction of arrival) estimation for localizing in sensor networks with space light communication. Each sensor node embedded withthree offset mounted IR sensors and an IR LED detects DOA of other nodes's LED light. 3D location of the network can be obtained from a set of the DOA data. the power of LED is modulated exponentially, so as to be distance-independent of DOA measurement. From simulations and experiments with a test-bed sensor, we confirm that it can detect 3D location information withthe proposed 3D localization model in a real scene.
this paper presents a work in progress on a method to create system level models of networkedsystems in automotive applications. It introduces an example, that shows a strategy to create models, providing high flexib...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789898111326
this paper presents a work in progress on a method to create system level models of networkedsystems in automotive applications. It introduces an example, that shows a strategy to create models, providing high flexibility in terms of interoperability, field of application, reusability and replaceability. the chosen modeling tool contains a multi-domain simulator and allows a mission and system level design. Beside the exposition of the basic architecture of the model there is a description of various model parts showing the variety of different levels of abstraction. the grade of reuscability of the developed building blocks is very high. Finally a perspective for future extensions towards a general modeling strategy for various networked applications in embeddedsystems is provided.
this work proposes the novel use of spinning beacons for precise indoor localization. the proposed "SpinLoc" (Spinning Indoor Localization) system uses "spinning" (i.e., rotating) beacons to create...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781595939906
this work proposes the novel use of spinning beacons for precise indoor localization. the proposed "SpinLoc" (Spinning Indoor Localization) system uses "spinning" (i.e., rotating) beacons to create and detect predictable and highly distinguishable Doppler signals for sub-meter localization accuracy. the system analyzes Doppler frequency shifts of signals from spinning beacons, which are then used to calculate orientation angles to a target. By obtaining orientation angles from two or more beacons, SpinLoc can precisely locate stationary or slow-moving targets. After designing and implementing the system using MICA2 motes, its performance was tested in an indoor garage environment. the experimental results revealed a median error of 40-50 centimeters and a 90% error of 70-90 *** work proposes the novel use of spinning beacons for precise indoor localization. the proposed "SpinLoc" (Spinning Indoor Localization) system uses "spinning" (i.e., rotating) beacons to create and detect predictable and highly distinguishable Doppler signals for sub-meter localization accuracy. the system analyzes Doppler frequency shifts of signals from spinning beacons, which are then used to calculate orientation angles to a target. By obtaining orientation angles from two or more beacons, SpinLoc can precisely locate stationary or slow-moving targets. After designing and implementing the system using MICA2 motes, its performance was tested in an indoor garage environment. the experimental results revealed a median error of 40 similar to 50 centimeters and a 90% error of 70 similar to 90 centimeters.
In this paper we present a novel abstraction and deployment process using real world interfaces, which reflect the realities of pervasive software development. Pluggable real world Interfaces support "plug 'n...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9784907764319
In this paper we present a novel abstraction and deployment process using real world interfaces, which reflect the realities of pervasive software development. Pluggable real world Interfaces support "plug 'n' play" deployment for sensor-augmented hardware and provide an object-oriented encapsulation of high-level contextual Interfaces. the architecture adds an additional object based abstraction layer between the sensor subsystem (delivering e.g. cues) and the application (delivering the situation context). Component abstraction layers mire Implemented as code that comes with physical components, e.g. a chair, and provides the functionality for detecting context bundled withthe sensory hardware. the approach will lead to pluggable real world interfaces: the functionality of an appliance will be composed from the functionality of its components - just like a meeting room will be composed from many chairs. this paper will present concept architecture and a first implementation based on a Java run-time system for very tiny, very low-power embeddedsensor nodes.
Micro Eelectro Mechanical systems (M-EMS) technology has developed considerably in recent years and many sensors utilizing this technology are available in the market. MEMS technology enables miniaturization, mass pro...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9784907764319
Micro Eelectro Mechanical systems (M-EMS) technology has developed considerably in recent years and many sensors utilizing this technology are available in the market. MEMS technology enables miniaturization, mass production, and cost reduction of many sensors. In particular, MEMS inertial sensors that include an acceleration sensor and an angular velocity sensor (gyroscope, or simply "gyro") are the most popular devices. Applications of inertial sensors have now extended into the field of networked sensing systems. In this presentation, we will describe current MEMS inertial sensors and their applications.
In this paper, we present a software architecture for accessing data in sensor networks. Designing a generic data access system for sensor networks is difficult. this is because the underlying physical architecture of...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9784907764319
In this paper, we present a software architecture for accessing data in sensor networks. Designing a generic data access system for sensor networks is difficult. this is because the underlying physical architecture of sensor networks cannot be generalized which in turn affects the efficiency of the protocol. Further, applications have unique and often different data requirements. thus the data service layer should be configurable to satisfy the needs of the application. Recognizing this, we focus on defining a Software architecture that specifies the interface but leaves out the implementation. Any protocol can be used to realize this as long as it provides the services that matches the specifications. this is conceptually similar to template based programming where presentation is separated from implementation. We provide the details of our architecture and evaluate both its expressiveness to the application programmer and flexibility of implementation through a few example scenarios.
Advances in network technologies enable distributed systems, operating in complex physical environments, to coordinate their activities over larger areas within shorter time intervals. Some envisioned application doma...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9782874870095
Advances in network technologies enable distributed systems, operating in complex physical environments, to coordinate their activities over larger areas within shorter time intervals. Some envisioned application domains for such systems are defence, crisis management, traffic management and public safety. In these systems humans and machines will, in close interaction, be adaptive to a changing environment. Various architecture models are proposed for such networked Adaptive Interactive Hybrid systems (NAIHS) from different research areas like (networked) sensor fusion, command and control, artificial intelligence, robotics and human machine interaction. In this paper an architecture model is proposed that combines the merits for a multiplatform engagement capability application. the NAIHS model focuses on the 'hybrid mind' that is layered in several dimensions defining specific functional components and their interactions.
thousands of small and low-power devices are embedded in the physical world and form a wireless sensor network. Approximation is presented in order to minimize energy consumption for data processing and dissemination....
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769532875
thousands of small and low-power devices are embedded in the physical world and form a wireless sensor network. Approximation is presented in order to minimize energy consumption for data processing and dissemination. In this paper we propose a new technique for approximate query processing based on data correlation. We build compressed structure of data on sensors, over which query processing algorithms is directly operated. And it also guarantees extremely fast response times. Our experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms Wavelets and Histograms approximate query technique.
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