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Customized dynamic load balancing for a network of workstations 96

Customized dynamic load balancing for a network of workstati...

引用

international symposium on High Performance distributed computing

作者： M.J. Zaki Wei Li S. Parthasarathy Computer Science Department University of Rochester Rochester NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780818675829

Load balancing involves assigning to each processor work proportional to its performance, minimizing the execution time of the program. Although static load balancing can solve many problems (e.g., those caused by processor heterogeneity and non uniform loops) for most regular applications, the transient external load due to multiple users on a network of workstations necessitates a dynamic approach to load balancing. We examine the behavior of global vs. local, and centralized vs. distributed, load balancing strategies. We show that different schemes are best for different applications under varying program and system parameters. therefore, customized load balancing schemes become essential for good performance. We present a hybrid compile time and run time modeling and decision process which selects (customizes) the best scheme, along with automatic generation of parallel code with calls to a run time library for load balancing.

关键词： Load management Workstations Processor scheduling Runtime library Concurrent computing Dynamic scheduling Computer science Power system modeling Power generation Hybrid power systems

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Commodity clusters: performance comparison between PCs and workstations

Commodity clusters: performance comparison between PCs and w...

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international symposium on High Performance distributed computing

作者： R. Carter J. Laroco R. Armstrong Sandia National Laboratories Livermore CA USA Santa Clara CA USA

DAISy (distributed Array of Inexpensive Systems) is a 16 node PC cluster running a full Unix compatible operating system. the network media used includes standard 10 Mb/s (10BASE-2) Ethernet (used for client node NFS mounts and any client node interactive work users find necessary), and, switched 100 Mbs/(100BASE-TX) Fast Ethernet (used for user program message passing traffic). the DAISy cluster is used to investigate the viability of commodity PC technology to perform computation of scientific and engineering problems traditionally performed on "supercomputers", and more recently high performance RISC workstations and clusters of RISC workstations. Performance analysis of the various single node subsystems were carried out along with performance analysis of the cluster as a whole on a number of parallel applications. the results show that the current Pentium 90 MHz CPU and motherboards used are well within that of many low end workstations offered by traditional workstation vendors.

关键词： Workstations Hardware Operating systems Ethernet networks Supercomputers Reduced instruction set computing Cost function Laboratories Performance analysis Robustness

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Scheduling from the perspective of the application 96

Scheduling from the perspective of the application

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international symposium on High Performance distributed computing

作者： F. Berman R. Wolski Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA University of California San Diego La Jolla CA US Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng. California Univ. San Diego La Jolla CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780818675829

Metacomputing is the aggregation of distributed and high-performance resources on coordinated networks. With careful scheduling, resource-intensive applications can be implemented efficiently on metacomputing systems at the sizes of interest to developers and users. In this paper, we focus on the problem of scheduling applications on metacomputing systems. We introduce the concept of application-centric scheduling in which everything about the system is evaluated in terms of its impact on the application. Application-centric scheduling is used by virtually all metacomputer programmers to achieve performance on metacomputing systems. We describe two successful metacomputing applications to illustrate this approach, and describe AppLeS (Application-Level Scheduling) agents which generalize the application-centric scheduling approach. Finally, we show preliminary results which compare AppLeS-derived schedules with conventional strip and blocked schedules for a 2D Jacobi code.

关键词： Metacomputing Processor scheduling Concurrent computing Application software parallel processing High performance computing Strips Jacobian matrices Computer networks Contracts

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Tools for distributed collaborative environments: a research agenda 96

Tools for distributed collaborative environments: a research...

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international symposium on High Performance distributed computing

作者： I. Foster M.E. Papka R. Stevens Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780818675829

Argues that future computing environments will be collaboration-oriented, globally distributed and computation/information-rich. these environments will be accessed via multiple interface devices. As we move from a desktop-centric computing model to a network-centric model, new approaches in the way software and data are handled will need to be developed. In this article, we outline the requirements for enabling the technological infrastructure, describe some first steps that we have taken toward building this infrastructure, and sketch directions for future development.

关键词： Collaborative tools distributed computing Collaboration Collaborative work Computer networks Computer science Space technology Mathematics Laboratories Drives

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Design of multicast packet switches for high-speed multi-service networks 96

Design of multicast packet switches for high-speed multi-ser...

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international symposium on High Performance distributed computing

作者： K. Ravindran Department of Computing & Information Sciences Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780818675829

the paper describes a multicast switch architecture for multi service networks that supports multi destination packet delivery at high data transfer rates (/spl ap/150 mb/sec for full motion video) and allows large aggregate data carrying capacity (/spl ap/1000 mb/sec). the switch architecture is made extensible by adopting a network oriented design whereby the switch functions are cast with the requirements of a canonical network model for packet multicasting. the requirements are routing and priority based scheduling of packets from the input to output link(s) of each multicast channel segment supported by a switch. Packet routing is efficiently implementable in hardware by maintaining the information about all channel segments supported by the switch in a fast associative store. Our architecture yields high switching efficiency by using high speed link processors, distributed associative store, and parallel execution of routing and scheduling activities. the paper describes various functional elements of the switch architecture, and identifies the performance boundaries of switch realization on high speed processor and communication components.

关键词： Packet switching Routing Optical switches Dispatching Video compression Aggregates Hardware Optical fibers Streaming media Optical packet switching

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Shared memory NUMA programming on I-WAY 96

Shared memory NUMA programming on I-WAY

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international symposium on High Performance distributed computing

作者： J. Nieplocha R.J. Harrison Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780818675829

the performance of the Global Array shared-memory non-uniform memory-access programming model is explored on the I-WAY, wide-area network distributed supercomputer environment. the Global Array model is extended by introducing a concept of mirrored arrays. Latencies and bandwidths for remote memory access are studied, and the performance of a large application from computational chemistry is evaluated using both fully distributed and also mirrored arrays. Excellent performance can be obtained with mirroring if even modest (0.5 MB/s) network bandwidth is available.

关键词： distributed computing Supercomputers Delay Computer applications Chemistry Computer networks Application software Programming profession Visualization Asynchronous transfer mode

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Robust and distributed genetic algorithm for ordering problems 96

Robust and distributed genetic algorithm for ordering proble...

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international symposium on High Performance distributed computing

作者： A. Kumar A. Srivastava A. Singru R.K. Ghosh Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Department University of Louisville Louisville KY USA Computer Science Department Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India

ISBN: (纸本)9780818675829

the paper presents a distributed genetic algorithm implementation for obtaining good quality consistent results for different ordering problems. Most importantly, the solution found by the proposed distributed GA is not only of high quality but also robust and does not require fine tuning of the probabilities of crossover and mutation. In addition, implementation of the distributed GA is simple and does not require the use of any specialized, expensive hardware. Fault tolerance has also been provided by dynamic reconfiguration of the distributed system in the event of a process or machine failure. the effectiveness of using a simple crossover scheme with distributed GA is demonstrated by solving three variations of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP).

关键词： Robustness Genetic algorithms distributed computing Computer science Genetic mutations Space technology Concurrent computing Mathematics Hardware Fault tolerant systems

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Dynamically controlling false sharing in distributed shared memory

Dynamically controlling false sharing in distributed shared ...

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international symposium on High Performance distributed computing

作者： V.W. Freeh G.R. Andrews Department of Computer Science University of Arizona Tucson Tucson AZ USA

distributed shared memory (DSM) alleviates the need to program message passing explicitly on a distributed-memory machine. In order to reduce memory latency, a DSM replicates copies of data. this paper examines several current approaches to controlling thrashing caused by false sharing in a DSM. then it introduces a novel memory consistency protocol, writer-owns, which detects and eliminates false sharing at run time. In iterative computations, where the data is accessed similarly every iteration, the writer-owns protocol can have tremendous benefits because the overhead of eliminating false sharing is only incurred once. Performance results show that the writer-owns protocol is competitive with and often better than existing approaches.

关键词： Access protocols Message passing Delay Computer science distributed computing Multiprocessor interconnection networks Writing Packaging

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Run-time statistical estimation of task execution times for heterogeneous distributed computing 96

Run-time statistical estimation of task execution times for ...

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international symposium on High Performance distributed computing

作者： M.A. Iverson F. Ozguner G.J. Follen Department of Electrical Engineering Ohio State Uinversity Columbus OH USA Interdisciplinary Technology Office NASA Lewis Research Center Cleveland OH USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780818675829

An efficient run time, statistical scheme for estimating the execution time of a task is presented, in order to facilitate run time matching and scheduling in a distributed heterogeneous computing environment. this scheme is based upon a nonparametric regression technique, where the execution time estimate for a task is computed from past observations. Furthermore, this technique is able to compensate for different parameters upon which the execution time depends, and does not require any knowledge of the architecture of the target machine. It is also able to make accurate predictions when erroneous data is present in the set of observations, and has been experimentally shown to produce estimates with very low error even with few past values from which to calculate a new estimate.

关键词： distributed computing Processor scheduling High performance computing Runtime environment NASA Dynamic scheduling State estimation Concurrent computing Cost function Space technology

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I/O requirements of scientific applications: an evolutionary view 96

I/O requirements of scientific applications: an evolutionary...

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international symposium on High Performance distributed computing

作者： E. Smirni R.A. Aydt A.A. Chien D.A. Reed Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Urbana IL USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780818675829

the modest I/O configurations and file system limitations of many current high-performance systems preclude solution of problems with large I/O needs. I/O hardware and file system parallelism is the key to achieving high performance. We analyze the I/O behavior of several versions of two scientific applications on the Intel Paragon XP/S. the versions involve incremental application code enhancements across multiple releases of the operating system. Studying the evolution of I/O access patterns underscores the interplay between application access patterns and file system features. Our results show that both small and large request sizes are common, that at present, application developers must manually aggregate small requests to obtain high disk transfer rates, that concurrent file accesses are frequent, and that appropriate matching of the application access pattern and the file system access mode can significantly increase application I/O performance. Based on these results, we describe a set of file system design principles.

关键词： Hardware File systems parallel processing Application software Contracts Computer science Operating systems Aggregates Pattern matching Software performance

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