Multi-context systems can be used to represent contextual information and inter-contextual information flow. We show that the local model semantics of a multi-context system is completely determined by the information...
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ISBN:
(纸本)354026924X
Multi-context systems can be used to represent contextual information and inter-contextual information flow. We show that the local model semantics of a multi-context system is completely determined by the information that is obtained when simulating the information flow specified by the system, in such a way that a minimal amount of information is deduced at each step of the simulation. the multi-context system framework implicitly presupposes that information flow is deterministic. In many natural situations, this is not a valid assumption. We propose an extension of the framework to account for non-determinism and provide an algorithm to efficiently compute the meaning of non-deterministic systems.
Belief, defined as a knowledge structure with a degree of subjective confidence that is gained through interaction with other agents in a community, can play a crucial role in cognitive processes. As paradigmatic appl...
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ISBN:
(纸本)354026924X
Belief, defined as a knowledge structure with a degree of subjective confidence that is gained through interaction with other agents in a community, can play a crucial role in cognitive processes. As paradigmatic applications of our socially supported knowledge-belief system, (a) a utterance understanding parser was designed and implemented in Common Lisp CLOS with a belief management system, and (b) a cognitive model of attachment is proposed based on the analysis of analyzing fan letters sent to a toy company.
context is the only means to identify the sense of a polysemous word, All algorithms for word sense disambiguation make use of information within a context window of the target word. What is the best window size for w...
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(纸本)354026924X
context is the only means to identify the sense of a polysemous word, All algorithms for word sense disambiguation make use of information within a context window of the target word. What is the best window size for word sense disambiguation has been long a problem. Different contexts generally give different results even for a same algorithm. In this paper, we exploit an algorithm which is more robust withthe varying of different context used. this method aims to lower the uncertainty brought by classifiers using different context window sizes and make more robust utilization of context while perform well. Experiments show our approach outperforms some other algorithms on both robustness and performance.
the paper presents a context-based approach to operational decision support. the approach focuses on modelling and solving a problem considering changes in the dynamic environment. the problem is modelled by abstract ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)354026924X
the paper presents a context-based approach to operational decision support. the approach focuses on modelling and solving a problem considering changes in the dynamic environment. the problem is modelled by abstract and operational contexts integrating information provided by information sources and domain knowledge. the approach involves ontology management operations for knowledge integration, context management techniques for information organisation, and object-oriented constraint network mechanisms for problem definition and solving. the approach is tested as an adaptive service for on-the-fly portable hospital configuration.
this paper presents an attempt to point out some problematic issues about the understanding of context. Although frequently used in cognitive sciences or other disciplines, context stays a very ill-defined concept. Ou...
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ISBN:
(纸本)354026924X
this paper presents an attempt to point out some problematic issues about the understanding of context. Although frequently used in cognitive sciences or other disciplines, context stays a very ill-defined concept. Our goal is to identify the main components of the context on the basis of the analysis of a corpus of 150 definitions coming mainly from the web in different domains of cognitive sciences and close disciplines. We analyzed this corpus of definitions through two methods, namely LSA [1], [21 and STONE [3], [4], and we conclude that finally the content of all the definitions can be analyzed in terms of few parameters like constraint, influence, behavior, nature, structure and system.
According to epistemological contextualism, a sentence of the form "S knows that p" doesn't express a complete proposition. Different utterances of the sentence, in different contexts, can express differ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)354026924X
According to epistemological contextualism, a sentence of the form "S knows that p" doesn't express a complete proposition. Different utterances of the sentence, in different contexts, can express different propositions: "know" is context-dependent. this paper deals withthe semantic contextualist thesis grounding epistemological contextualism. We examine various kinds of linguistic context dependence, which could be relevant to epistemological contextualism: ambiguity, ellipsis, indexicality, context-sensitivity of scalar predicates, dependence on standards of precision. We argue that only an accurate analysis of the different varieties of context sensitivity secures us a better understanding and a clearer evaluation of the contextualist approach.
Although being a daily task, the search for a word among others words is a new research domain we investigated in order to find the kinds contextual factors that can facilitate semantic oriented visual search. We repo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)354026924X
Although being a daily task, the search for a word among others words is a new research domain we investigated in order to find the kinds contextual factors that can facilitate semantic oriented visual search. We report two experiments assessing task context, visual context and semantic context. Some of our results are found to be those of classical non-semantic visual search, while others show the impact of the semantic context. Basic recommendations can be find out for Human-Computer conception and cognitive chronometry methodology.
the aim of this paper is to analyze how people build an internal representation of actions done by others by matching observable data (objects, events, spatial and temporal context) with knowledge and by making infere...
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ISBN:
(纸本)354026924X
the aim of this paper is to analyze how people build an internal representation of actions done by others by matching observable data (objects, events, spatial and temporal context) with knowledge and by making inferences about not observable (intention, goal, anticipation, and planning) data. For that purpose, we list the set of dimensions that define "what an action is" accompanied withtheir contextual aspects, and the heuristics used by the human cognitive system. Finally, we propose that processing objects properties in terms of function-to-patient relation between objects, and in terms of patient-to-function within objects, is a possible way to explain the context effects with respect to the fine-grained vs. the large-grained semantic organization of the spatial and temporal context.
A model for context-dependent natural language semantics is proposed and formalized in terms of possible worlds. the meaning of a sentence depends on context and at the same time affects that context representing the ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)354026924X
A model for context-dependent natural language semantics is proposed and formalized in terms of possible worlds. the meaning of a sentence depends on context and at the same time affects that context representing the knowledge about the world collected from a discourse. the model fits well with a "flat" semantic representation as first proposed by Hobbs (1985), consisting basically of a conjunction of atomic predications in which all variables are existentially quantified withthe widest possible scope;in our framework, this provides very concise semantic terms as compared with other representations. there is a natural correspondence between the possible worlds semantics and a constraint solver, and it is shown how such a semantics can be defined usingthe programming language of Constraint Handling Rules (Fruhwirth, 1995). Discourse analysis is clearly a process of abduction in this framework, and it is shown that the mentioned constraint solvers serve as effective and efficient abductive engines for the purpose.
this paper proposes an adaptive resource self-management system that collects system resources, user information, and usage patterns as context information for utilization in self-configuration. this system will ease ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)354026924X
this paper proposes an adaptive resource self-management system that collects system resources, user information, and usage patterns as context information for utilization in self-configuration. this system will ease the system maintenance burden on users by automating a large portion of the configuration tasks such as;install, reconfiguration and update, while also decreasing cost and errors. Working from the gathered context information, this system allows users to select and install appropriate components for their system context. this also offers a more personalized configuration setting by using user's existing application setting and usage pattern. To avoid a center server overload when transferring and managing related files, we employ Peer-to-Peer method. A prototype was developed to evaluate the system with a comparison study usingthe conventional methods of manual configuration and MS-IBM systems was conducted to validate the proposed system in terms of functional capacity, install time, etc...
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