Informal notions of context often imply much more than that captured in many computational formalisms of it. the view presented in this paper, built on our understanding of designing, is of context being larger than a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540742548
Informal notions of context often imply much more than that captured in many computational formalisms of it. the view presented in this paper, built on our understanding of designing, is of context being larger than any one agent's representation of it. this paper describes how for an agent's reasoning about context it is the current situation that determines what the agent's interpretations of context are, not the reverse. the paper presents a typical scenario involving collaborating, sketching designers.
the paper focuses on a difficult problem when formalizing knowledge: What about the possible concepts that didn't make it into the formalization? We call such concepts the unconsidered context of the formalized kn...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540742548
the paper focuses on a difficult problem when formalizing knowledge: What about the possible concepts that didn't make it into the formalization? We call such concepts the unconsidered context of the formalized knowledge and argue that erroneous and inadequate behavior of systems based on formalized knowledge can be attributed to different states of the unconsidered context;either while formalizing or during application of the formalization. We then propose an automatic strategy to identify different states of unconsidered context inside a given formalization and to classify which parts of the formalization to use in a given application situation. the goal of this work is to uncover unconsidered context by observing sucess and failure of a given system in use. the paper closes withthe evaluation of the proposed procedures in an error diagnosis scenario featuring a plan based user interface.
contextual Graphs are a context-based formalism used in various real-world applications. they allow a uniform representation of elements of reasoning and of contexts for describing different human tasks such as troubl...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540742548
contextual Graphs are a context-based formalism used in various real-world applications. they allow a uniform representation of elements of reasoning and of contexts for describing different human tasks such as troubleshooting and interpretation. A contextual graph represents a task realization. Its paths represent the different ways of reaching this realization, each way corresponding to a practice developed by an actor realizing the task. In this paper, we revisit the classical distinction between prescribed and effective tasks, procedures versus practices, logic of functioning versus logic of use, etc. in the light of this formalism. We discuss the position of the practice model with respect to the task model using an example involving troubleshooting a problem with a DVD player and another example involving the collaborative construction of an answer, and place this within the context of some other applications developed in the formalism of contextual Graphs.
the main advantage to interdisciplinary professional practice is that it can produce novel product designs and problem solutions. However, it requires knowledge sharing and integration to leverage this potential. this...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540742548
the main advantage to interdisciplinary professional practice is that it can produce novel product designs and problem solutions. However, it requires knowledge sharing and integration to leverage this potential. this paper reports on a study with a method of conceptual analysis to elicit, analyse and compare conceptual models used by individual researchers, withthe ultimate aim to facilitate researchers in sharing and integrating their conceptual notions. We build on an earlier study by extending an existing conceptual model with conceptual notions from two additional researchers from an interdisciplinary research project. the results of the present study suggest that the time costs of adding more information to the existing model diminish with each addition to the existing model, and that the method of conceptual analysis can validly represent researchers' conceptual notions. Furthermore, our results offer some indication that conceptual analysis can reduce transaction costs related to grounding.
Organizational models produced within computer science fields have proved to be effective communication tools in developing shared understandings of the design of organizations and systems. We argue that these models ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540742548
Organizational models produced within computer science fields have proved to be effective communication tools in developing shared understandings of the design of organizations and systems. We argue that these models can also be valuable in capturing the actual implementation of organizations. However, this kind of usage requires the development of enterprise representations that (1) acknowledge the complexity of organizations and its agents and (2) are able of capturing the situated and dynamic behavior of organizational agents. this paper describes how engineering, cognitive and social approaches to context are integrated in a conceptual framework to model organizational agents and their contexts of interaction to address these issues. this integration is illustrated with examples from a case study.
context-aware systems offer entirely new opportunities for application developers and for end users by gathering context information and adapting systems behavior accordingly. Several context models have been defined ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540742548
context-aware systems offer entirely new opportunities for application developers and for end users by gathering context information and adapting systems behavior accordingly. Several context models have been defined and various context-aware middleware has been developed in order to simplify the development of context-aware applications. Unfortunately, the development of an application by usingthese middleware products introduces several technical details in the application. these technical details are specific to a given middleware and reduce the possibility of reusingthe application on other middleware. In this paper, we propose an MDD (Model Driven Development) approach that makes it possible to design context-aware applications independently of the platform. this approach is based on several phases that approach step by step the context platform and allow designers to automatically map their models to several platforms through the definition of automatic and modular transformations. To be able to apply this approach we define a new UML profile for context-aware applications, that we use to explore our approach.
In times where users need to process an ever increasing amount of information to perform more complex tasks in less time, the introduction of context in computer systems is becoming a necessity. However, building a co...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540742548
In times where users need to process an ever increasing amount of information to perform more complex tasks in less time, the introduction of context in computer systems is becoming a necessity. However, building a context-sensitive system entails more work in comparison to traditional systems development: in the former, one must care for context-related tasks, such as the acquisition, processing, storage, manipulation and presentation of contextual elements. context management proposes the separation of context related tasks from the application's business features. this paper presents a study on context management and discusses our proposal for a context manager, called CEManTIKA (contextual Elements Management through Incremental Knowledge Acquisition). A scenario is presented to illustrate its applicability.
the present paper is an attempt to construct a theoretical model of the context of social action based on a reinterpretation of the sociological theory of social fields as developed by Pierre Bourdieu. using his notio...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540742548
the present paper is an attempt to construct a theoretical model of the context of social action based on a reinterpretation of the sociological theory of social fields as developed by Pierre Bourdieu. using his notions of different types of capital and other tools, a multidimensional model of context is presented in which dimensions are defined as fields affected by (and affecting) a given social action. Focus in the paper is on discursive behaviour, but following the assumptions of linguistic pragmatics, discourse is considered here just as a specific form of broadly defined social action. thus an attempt is made at linking studies on context from linguistics withthose from sociology. Social action is theorized, as in Bourdieu's models, as a process of conversion of different types of capital. the strategic use of particular types of capital is considered as another dimension of contextualization of social action.
One of the key challenges of knowledge management is to provide the right knowledge to the right person at the right time. To face this challenge, a context based search platform was developed in the frame of the Euro...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540742548
One of the key challenges of knowledge management is to provide the right knowledge to the right person at the right time. To face this challenge, a context based search platform was developed in the frame of the European Integrated Project VIVACE. this platform is based on the identification of a user context and the subsequent pushing of applicable knowledge to that particular user. We introduce a context model to represent the user's context. this context: model is used to describe the context of an engineer working in a specific company. Further, we developed means to index available knowledge based on company engineering context and means to search for knowledge applicable to the user's context. Since it is not always possible to describe in which contextthe knowledge assets should be applied, we added learning capabilities which enable the system to learn the applicability of specific knowledge to a user's context based on user feedback.
the concept of goal is central in Artificial Intelligence and its modelling is a challenging issue. It has been given much attention in areas such as Requirement Engineering (RE) and Planning and Scheduling, where its...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540742548
the concept of goal is central in Artificial Intelligence and its modelling is a challenging issue. It has been given much attention in areas such as Requirement Engineering (RE) and Planning and Scheduling, where its modelling can support formal reasoning through goal types, goal attributes and relations to other components. However there is a lack of formalisms able to reason with goal structures in dynamic environments. We claim that a logical framework based on Intuitionistic Type theory and more precisely, on Dependent Record Types is able to address this problem. the formal foundations rely on context modelling through dependent record types allowing partial knowledge and dynamic reasoning. For the purpose of goal modelling, we introduce a family of functions which map context Record Types to Intentional Record Types expressing their related actions and goals. A case study in planning illustrates this approach.
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