contextual Graphs are a context-based formalism used in various real-world applications. they allow a uniform representation of elements of reasoning and of contexts for describing different human tasks such as diagno...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540742548
contextual Graphs are a context-based formalism used in various real-world applications. they allow a uniform representation of elements of reasoning and of contexts for describing different human tasks such as diagnosis and interpretation. the representation of reasoning by contextual Graphs supposes an efficient representation of the knowledge associated with a reasoning. Extending the previous view of (1) context relative to a focus, and (2) context as composed of external knowledge and contextual knowledge, in this paper we go a step further by proposing a description of the focus in terms of the instantiation of the contextual elements, which are drawn from domain knowledge. We present the results of this study in a real-world application that we are working on currently, namely the self-evaluation of drivers' behaviors in a situation presented within a large spectrum of contexts.
In "Demonstratives" Kaplan claims that the occurrence of a demonstrative must be supplemented by an act of demonstration, like a pointing (a feature of the objective context). Conversely in "Afterthough...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540403809
In "Demonstratives" Kaplan claims that the occurrence of a demonstrative must be supplemented by an act of demonstration, like a pointing (a feature of the objective context). Conversely in "Afterthoughts" Kaplan argues that the occurrence of a demonstrative must be supplemented by a directing intention (a feature of the intentional context). I present the two theories in competition and try to identify the constraints an intention must satisfy in order to have semantic relevance. My claim is that the analysis of demonstrative reference provides a reliable test for our intuitions on the relation between objective and intentional context. I argue that the speaker's intentions can play a semantic role only if they satisfy an Availability Constraint: an intention must be made available or communicated to the addressee, and for that purpose the speaker can exploit any feature of the objective context. this thesis implies the reconciliation between "Demonstratives" and "Afterthoughts".
Informal notions of context often imply much more than that captured in many computational formalisms of it. the view presented in this paper, built on our understanding of designing, is of context being larger than a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540742548
Informal notions of context often imply much more than that captured in many computational formalisms of it. the view presented in this paper, built on our understanding of designing, is of context being larger than any one agent's representation of it. this paper describes how for an agent's reasoning about context it is the current situation that determines what the agent's interpretations of context are, not the reverse. the paper presents a typical scenario involving collaborating, sketching designers.
the paper focuses on a difficult problem when formalizing knowledge: What about the possible concepts that didn't make it into the formalization? We call such concepts the unconsidered context of the formalized kn...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540742548
the paper focuses on a difficult problem when formalizing knowledge: What about the possible concepts that didn't make it into the formalization? We call such concepts the unconsidered context of the formalized knowledge and argue that erroneous and inadequate behavior of systems based on formalized knowledge can be attributed to different states of the unconsidered context;either while formalizing or during application of the formalization. We then propose an automatic strategy to identify different states of unconsidered context inside a given formalization and to classify which parts of the formalization to use in a given application situation. the goal of this work is to uncover unconsidered context by observing sucess and failure of a given system in use. the paper closes withthe evaluation of the proposed procedures in an error diagnosis scenario featuring a plan based user interface.
contextual Graphs are a context-based formalism used in various real-world applications. they allow a uniform representation of elements of reasoning and of contexts for describing different human tasks such as troubl...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540742548
contextual Graphs are a context-based formalism used in various real-world applications. they allow a uniform representation of elements of reasoning and of contexts for describing different human tasks such as troubleshooting and interpretation. A contextual graph represents a task realization. Its paths represent the different ways of reaching this realization, each way corresponding to a practice developed by an actor realizing the task. In this paper, we revisit the classical distinction between prescribed and effective tasks, procedures versus practices, logic of functioning versus logic of use, etc. in the light of this formalism. We discuss the position of the practice model with respect to the task model using an example involving troubleshooting a problem with a DVD player and another example involving the collaborative construction of an answer, and place this within the context of some other applications developed in the formalism of contextual Graphs.
the main advantage to interdisciplinary professional practice is that it can produce novel product designs and problem solutions. However, it requires knowledge sharing and integration to leverage this potential. this...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540742548
the main advantage to interdisciplinary professional practice is that it can produce novel product designs and problem solutions. However, it requires knowledge sharing and integration to leverage this potential. this paper reports on a study with a method of conceptual analysis to elicit, analyse and compare conceptual models used by individual researchers, withthe ultimate aim to facilitate researchers in sharing and integrating their conceptual notions. We build on an earlier study by extending an existing conceptual model with conceptual notions from two additional researchers from an interdisciplinary research project. the results of the present study suggest that the time costs of adding more information to the existing model diminish with each addition to the existing model, and that the method of conceptual analysis can validly represent researchers' conceptual notions. Furthermore, our results offer some indication that conceptual analysis can reduce transaction costs related to grounding.
Organizational models produced within computer science fields have proved to be effective communication tools in developing shared understandings of the design of organizations and systems. We argue that these models ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540742548
Organizational models produced within computer science fields have proved to be effective communication tools in developing shared understandings of the design of organizations and systems. We argue that these models can also be valuable in capturing the actual implementation of organizations. However, this kind of usage requires the development of enterprise representations that (1) acknowledge the complexity of organizations and its agents and (2) are able of capturing the situated and dynamic behavior of organizational agents. this paper describes how engineering, cognitive and social approaches to context are integrated in a conceptual framework to model organizational agents and their contexts of interaction to address these issues. this integration is illustrated with examples from a case study.
the proceedings contain 188 papers from the Computational Science - ICCS 2005: 5thinternationalconference - Part III. the topics discussed include: a data-driven multi-field analysis of nanocomposites for hydrogen s...
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the proceedings contain 188 papers from the Computational Science - ICCS 2005: 5thinternationalconference - Part III. the topics discussed include: a data-driven multi-field analysis of nanocomposites for hydrogen storage;multiscale angiogenesis modeling;application benefits of advanced equation-based multiphysics modeling;mathematical model of environmental pollution by motorcar in an urban area;on the impact of reservations from the grid on planning-based resource management;performance analysis of interconnection networks for multi-cluster systems;triggering network services through context-tagged flows;and near-optimal algorithm for self-configuration of ad-hoc wireless networks.
the paper presents an approach for automatically extracting views from a relational database schema, based on the knowledge of the application domain. In order to achieve such result, the possible contexts emerging fr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540742548
the paper presents an approach for automatically extracting views from a relational database schema, based on the knowledge of the application domain. In order to achieve such result, the possible contexts emerging from the application domain are identified and, starting from the representation of the characterizing dimensions, a sequence of operations is applied to the schema to derive the portion of interest or, as we say, to tailor the schema with respect to each possible context. We introduce the tailoring operators as well as the method to compose partial views to obtain the final ones;a running example is used to lead the reader through the steps of the proposed methodology.
context-aware systems offer entirely new opportunities for application developers and for end users by gathering context information and adapting systems behavior accordingly. Several context models have been defined ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783540742548
context-aware systems offer entirely new opportunities for application developers and for end users by gathering context information and adapting systems behavior accordingly. Several context models have been defined and various context-aware middleware has been developed in order to simplify the development of context-aware applications. Unfortunately, the development of an application by usingthese middleware products introduces several technical details in the application. these technical details are specific to a given middleware and reduce the possibility of reusingthe application on other middleware. In this paper, we propose an MDD (Model Driven Development) approach that makes it possible to design context-aware applications independently of the platform. this approach is based on several phases that approach step by step the context platform and allow designers to automatically map their models to several platforms through the definition of automatic and modular transformations. To be able to apply this approach we define a new UML profile for context-aware applications, that we use to explore our approach.
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