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Evidence algorithm and sequent logical inference search

6th International conference on logic for programming and Automated Reasoning, LPAR 1999

作者： Degtyarev, Anatoli I. Lyaletski, Alexander V. Morokhovets, Marina K. Manchester Metropolitan University Department of Computing and Mathematics Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD United Kingdom Taras Shevchenko Kyiv University Cybernetics Department 6 Glushkov avenue 252127 Kyiv Ukraine Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics Digital Automata Theory Department 40 Glushkov avenue 252187 Kyiv Ukraine Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics Ukraine

ISBN: (纸本)3540664920

In this paper we continue to develop the approach to automated search for theorem proofe started in Kyiv in 1960-1970s. this approatch presupposes the development of deductive techniques used for the processing of mathematical texts, written in a formal first-order language, close to the natural language used in mathematical papers. We construct two logical caJculi, gS tnd mS, satisfying the following requirements: the syntacticetl form of the initial problem should be preserved;the proof search should be goal-oriented;preliminary skolemization is not obligatory;equality handling should be sepeurated from the deduction process. the calculus gS is a machine-oriented sequent-type csilculus with "large-block" inference rules for first-order classical logic. the calculus mS is a further development of the calculus gS, enriched with formal analogs of the natursil proof sesurch techniques such as definition handling and application of auxiliary propositions. the results on soundness and completeness of gS and mS aie given.

关键词： Inference engines

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FULSOME: fuzzy logic for software metric practitioners and researchers

FULSOME: fuzzy logic for software metric practitioners and r...

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International conference on Neural Information Processing

作者： S.G. MacDonell A.R. Gray J.M. Calvert Department of Information Science University of Otago New Zealand

there has been increasing interest in recent times for using fuzzy logic techniques to represent software metric models, especially those predicting the software development effort. the use of fuzzy logic for this application area offers several advantages when compared to other commonly-used techniques. these include the use of a single model with different levels of precision for the inputs and outputs used throughout the development life-cycle, the possibility of model development with little or no data, and its effectiveness when used as a communication tool. the use of fuzzy logic in any applied field, however, requires that suitable tools are available for both practitioners and researchers-satisfying both interface- and functionality-related requirements. After outlining some of the specific needs of the software metrics community, including results from a survey of software developers on this topic, this paper describes the use of a set of tools called FULSOME (FUzzy logic for SOftware MEtrics). the development of a simple fuzzy logic system by a software metrician and its subsequent tuning are then discussed using a real-world set of software metric data. the automatically generated fuzzy model performs acceptably when compared to regression-based models.

关键词： Fuzzy logic Software metrics Project management programming Software tools Software development management Testing Information science Predictive models Application software

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Automatic software toolkit generation for embedded systems-on-chip

Automatic software toolkit generation for embedded systems-o...

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International conference on VLSI and CAD, ICVC

作者： A. Halambi P. Grun H. Tomiyama N. Dutt A. Nicolau Architectures and Compilers for Embedded Systems ACES Laboratory Center for Embedded Computer Systems University of California Irvine CA USA

Modern embedded Systems-on-Chips (SOCs) will allow the system designer to customize Intellectual Property (IP) cores (fixed and programmable), together with custom logic and large amounts of embedded memory. As the software content in these emerging embedded SOCs begins to dominate the SOC design process, there is a critical need for support of an integrated software development environment (including compilers, simulators and debuggers). Furthermore, since many characteristics of these processor core IPs (e.g., instruction-sets, memory configurations) are increasingly customizable, the entire software toolkit chain needs to be customized and generated to support both early design space exploration (for performance, power and cost constraints), as well as high-qualify software generation. this paper first surveys recent efforts in Architecture Description Languages (ADLs) used to perform early validation and exploration of SOC architectures. the second part of the paper focuses on approaches to software toolkit generation that automatically produce the software infrastructure (e.g., compilers, simulators, debuggers) which will enable true hardware/software codesign of these emerging embedded SOCs.

关键词： Embedded software Software tools Software debugging Software performance Character generation Power generation Intellectual property logic design Process design programming

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A simulation-based comparison of empirical modeling techniques for software metric models of development effort

A simulation-based comparison of empirical modeling techniqu...

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International conference on Neural Information Processing

作者： A.R. Gray Department of Inforimation Science University of Otago New Zealand

Empirical models for the management of software development projects have until recently been based, with only limited exceptions, on linear least-squares regression. the continued failure of the resulting empirical models to provide adequate assistance to managers has led to the examination (and even some adoption) of more sophisticated modeling techniques. these techniques have included robust statistical procedures, various forms of neural network models, fuzzy logic, case-based reasoning, and regression trees. this paper describes a simulation-based study on the performance of some of these empirical modeling techniques using a size and effort software metric data set. the models are assessed using a variety of "goodness of fit" measures-assessing the predictive performance on hold-out samples across 50 simulations using both sampling with replacement and without replacement. the relative performances of each technique can be used to select that which is "best" given the desired predictive accuracy criterion. Overall the best performing technique appears to be M-estimation. this suggests that robustness to outliers, in this case at least, may be more important than modeling non-linearities or interactions.

关键词： Robustness Predictive models Project management Software development management programming Neural networks Fuzzy logic Regression tree analysis Software metrics Sampling methods

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BioSim - A New Qualitative Simulation Environment for Molecular Biology

BioSim - A New Qualitative Simulation Environment for Molecu...

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6th International conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology, ISMB 1998

作者： Heidtke, Keirsten R. Schulze-Kremer, Steffen Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics Department Lehrach Ihnestraße 73 BerlinD-14195 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)1577350537

TraditioneJly, biochemical systems are modelled using kinetics íind differential equations in a quantitative simulator. However, for msiny biological processes detailed quantitative information is not available, only qualitative or fuzzy statements about the nature of interactions. In a previous paper we have shown the applicability of qualitative reasoning methods for molecular biologicćd regulatory processes. Now, we present a newly developed simulation environment, BioSim, that is written in Prolog using constrćiint logic programming techniques. the simulator combines the basic ideas of two main approEiches to qualitative reasoning and integrates the contents of a molecular biology knowledge base, EcoCyc. We show that qualitative reasoning can be combined with automatic transformation of contents of genomic databases into simulation models to give Ein interactive modelling system that reasons about the relations Eind interactions of biological entities. this is demonstrated on the glycolytic pathway. © 1998, AAAI (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： logic programming

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A game semantics foundation for logic programming 10th

A game semantics foundation for logic programming

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10th International Symposium on programming Languages, Implementations, logics and Programs, PLILP 1998, Held Jointly with the 6th International conference, ALP 1998

作者： di Cosmo, Roberto Loddo, Jean-Vincent Nicolet, Stephane DMI-LIENS Ecole Normale Supérieure 45 Rue d’Ulm Paris75005 France

ISBN: (纸本)3540650121

We introduce a semantics of logic programming based on an classical Game theory, which is proven to be sound and complete w.r.t. the traditional operational semantics and Negation as Failure. this game semantics is based on an abstract reformulation of classical results about two player games, and allows a very simple characterization of the solution set of a logic program in terms of approximations of the value of the game associated to it, which can also be used to capture in a very simple way the traditional "negation as failure" extensions. this approach to semantics also opens the way to a better understanding of the mechanisms at work in parallel implementations of logic programs and in the operational semantics of logic programs with negative goals. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998.

关键词： logic programming

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Detecting unsolvable queries for definite logic programs 10th

Detecting unsolvable queries for definite logic programs

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10th International Symposium on programming Languages, Implementations, logics and Programs, PLILP 1998, Held Jointly with the 6th International conference, ALP 1998

作者： Bruynooghe, Maurice Vandecasteele, Henk de Waal, da Andre Denecker, Marc Departement Computerwetenschappen Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200A HeverleeB-3001 Belgium Centre for Business Mathematics and Informatics Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)3540650121

In logic programming, almost no work has been done so far on proving that certain queries cannot succeed. Work in this direction could be useful for queries which seem to be non-terminating. Such queries are not exceptional, e.g. in planning problems. the paper develops some methods, based on abduction, goal-directedness, tabulation, and constraint techniques, for proving failure of queries for definite logic programs. It also reports some experiments with various tools. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998.

关键词： logic programming

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Approaches to the incremental detection of implicit equalities with the revised simplex method 10th

Approaches to the incremental detection of implicit equaliti...

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10th International Symposium on programming Languages, Implementations, logics and Programs, PLILP 1998, Held Jointly with the 6th International conference, ALP 1998

作者： Refalo, Philippe ILOG S.A. 9 rue de Verdun BP 85 Gentilly94253 France

ISBN: (纸本)3540650121

this paper deals with the incremental detection of implicit equalities using the revised simplex method. this algorithm is more efficient and more suitable to practical problems than the tableau method usually applied in constraint logic programming. We describe and discuss the adaptation to the revised simplex of three approaches: the CLP (R), the Prolog III, and the quasi-dual one. All of these have been integrated into the constraint logic programming language Athena based on a revised simplex method over exact-precision rationals. this system is used to compare these methods on a set of typical CLP problems over linear constraints. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998.

关键词： Constraint programming

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10th International Symposium on Principles of Declarative programming, PLILP 1998

10th International Symposium on Principles of Declarative Pr...

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10th International Symposium on programming Languages, Implementations, logics and Programs, PLILP 1998, Held Jointly with the 6th International conference, ALP 1998

ISBN: (纸本)3540650121

the proceedings contain 31 papers. the special focus in this conference is on Static Analysis and Software Methodologies. the topics include: logic programming and model checking;the copying approach to tabling;a multithreaded execution environment for sicstus prolog;a framework for bottom up specialisation of logic programs;termination of logic programs with block declarations running in several modes;the boolean logic of set sharing analysis;derivation of proof methods by abstract interpretation;detecting unsolvable queries for definite logic programs;staging static analyses using abstraction-based program specialization;type domains and type representations for logic programs;a methodology for language development;explicit substitutions for objects and functions;the complexity of late-binding in dynamic object-oriented languages;a compiler for rewrite programs in associative-commutative theories;solution to the problem of zantema on a persistent property of term rewriting systems;a general framework for r-unification problems;operational versus denotational methods in the semantics of higher order languages;functional implementations of continuous modeled animation;compiling erlang to scheme;compiling lazy functional programs for the java virtual machine;a game semantics foundation for logic programming;controlling search in declarative programs;encapsulating data in logic programming via categorical constraints;constructive negation using typed existence properties;optimal reduction of functional expressions;embedding multiset constraints into a lazy functional logic language;a hidden herbrand theorem and integrating constraint propagation in complete solving of linear diophantine systems.

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Combination of constraint solvers for free and quasi-free structures

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thEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 1998年第1期192卷 107-161页

作者： Baader, F Schulz, KU Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Lehr & Forschungsgebiet Theoret Informat D-52074 Aachen Germany Univ Munich CIS D-80538 Munich Germany

When combining languages for symbolic constraints, one is typically faced with the problem of how to treat "mixed" constraints. the two main problems are (1) how to define a combined solution structure over which these constraints are to be solved, and (2) how to combine the constraint solving methods for pure constraints into one for mixed constraints. the paper introduces the notion of a "free amalgamated product" as a possible solution to the first problem. We define so-called quasi-free structures (called "strong simply-combinable structures" in a previous publication) as a generalization of free structures. For quasi-free structures over disjoint signatures, we describe a canonical amalgamation construction that yields the free amalgamated product. the combination techniques known from unification theory can be used to combine constraint solvers for quasi-flee structures over disjoint signatures into a solver for their free amalgamated product. In addition to term algebras module equational theories (i.e., free algebras), the class of quasi-free structures contains many solution structures that are of interest in constraint logic programming, such as the algebra of rational trees, feature structures, and domains consisting of hereditarily finite (well-founded or non-well-founded) nested sets and lists.

关键词： constraint solving unification combination universal algebra

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