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Experimentally motivated numerical reconstruction of macroscopic martensitic transformation front in niti superelastic wires 8

Experimentally motivated numerical reconstruction of macrosc...

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8th ECCOMAS thematic conference on Smart Structures and Materials, SMART 2017 and 6th International conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in engineering, SMN 2017

作者： Frost, M. Sedlák, P. Sedmák, P. Šittner, P. Institute of Thermomechanics Czech Academy of Sciences Dolejškova 5 Prague18200 Czech Republic European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 71 Avenue des Martyrs Grenoble38043 France Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 2 Prague18221 Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9788494690938

In particular geometries and loading modes, martensitic phase transformation in NiTi shape memory alloys (SMA) develops inhomogenously via formation and propagation of macroscopic transformation bands resembling Lüders bands well-known from deformation of certain steels. In this work, we analyze morphology and mechanics of a macroscopic transformation front separating regions of austenite and martensite phases in NiTi superelastic wires under tension. Recently, three-dimensional X-ray diffraction method was employed to determine complete strain and stress States of a huge set of polycrystalline grains close to the transformation front. Taking into account the experimental findings, we have adapted our macroscopic constitutive model of NiTi SMA by modifying the free energy function – so that it can capture the strain-softening type of response – and including non-local (gradient-like) effects. the finite element implementation of the model was performed in Abaqus FEA software and allowed for a successful numerical reconstruction of the transformation front in a loaded wire as well as its stable propagation at a constant external force. thanks to material parameters adjusted with respect to experimental measurements, the simulation qualitatively reproduced a significantly inhomogeneous stress state within the parent phase and predicted non-uniform stress distribution within the product phase even far from the front. © 2017 International Center for numerical methods in engineering. All rights reserved.

关键词： Martensitic transformations

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Stability analysis of underground express highway tunnel in Inchoen 19

Stability analysis of underground express highway tunnel in ...

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19th International conference on Soil Mechanics and geotechnical engineering, ICSMGE 2017

作者： Shin, Eun Chul Kang, Jeong Ku Shin, Hui Su Yoo, Jai Sung Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Incheon National University Korea Republic of Korea Consultant Co. Ltd. Korea Republic of

Underground express highway tunnel as the 2nd belt way of which the length is 28.8km as wide 6 lane was completed in early 2017. the 5.7km long underground highway passes through the weathered zone of offshore area. the New Austrian Tunneling Method was adopted for tunnel excavation work. the tunnel was collapsed during excavation work at the region of old coastal line of Incheon, Korea. In order to overcome the geotechnical problem, several methods were conducted such as field investigations, in-situ tests, and numerical analysis. In this study, it is analyzed the stability of tunnel around the collapsed zone. Influence factors with regard to the excavation were analyzed through field monitoring data like ground water level, crown displacement, side-wall displacement, rock bolt axial force and bending compressive stress of internal face of tunnel. Settlement and displacement monitoring data were compared with result of numerical analysis. Otherwise, physical exploration like horizontal boring, 3D TSP and GPR were applied to find a condition of ground surface and layer of rock mass. © 2017 19th ICSMGE Secretariat. All rights reserved.

关键词： Monitoring

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Stochastic response of nonlinear base isolation systems 6

Stochastic response of nonlinear base isolation systems

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6th International conference on Computational methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake engineering, COMPDYN 2017

作者： Markou, Athanasios A. Stefanou, George Manolis, George D. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute Sognsveien 72 Oslo0806 Norway Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Panepistimioupolis Thessaloniki54124 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9786188284425

A hybrid base isolation system was used to retrofit two residential buildings in Solarino, Sicily. Subsequently, five free vibration tests were carried out in one of these buildings to assess its functionality. the hybrid base isolation system combined high damping rubber bearings with low friction sliders. In terms of numerical modeling, a single-degree-of-freedom system is used here with a new five-parameter trilinear hysteretic model for the simulation of the high damping rubber bearing, coupled with a Coulomb friction model for the simulation of the low friction sliders. Next, experimentally obtained data from the five free vibration tests were used for the calibration of this six parameter model. Following up on the model development, the present study employs Monte-Carlo simulations in order to investigate the effect of the unavoidable variation in the values of the six-parameter model on the response of the base isolation system. the calibrated parameters values from all the experiments are used as mean values, while the standard deviation for each parameter is deduced from the identification tests employing best-fit optimization for each experiment separately. the results show that variation in the material parameters of the base isolation system produce a nonstationary effect in the response. In addition, there is a magnification effect, since the coefficient of variation of the response, for most of the parameters, is larger than the coefficient of variation in the parameter values. © 2017 National Technical University of Athens. All rights reserved.

关键词： Damping

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Resonance evaluation with geometric stiffness and creep of slender beam of reinforced concrete

Resonance evaluation with geometric stiffness and creep of s...

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6th International conference on Computational methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake engineering, COMPDYN 2017

作者： Wahrhaftig, Alexandre De M. Nascimento, Lázaro S. M. S. C. Brasil, Reyolando M. L. R. F. Polytechnic School Department of Construction and Structures Rua Aristides Novís No 02 Federação Salvador - BACEP: 40210-910 Brazil Polytechnic School Dept. of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering Av. Prof. Almeida Prado tv. 2 No 83 Cidade Universitária São Paulo - SPCEP: 05508-900 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9786188284425

this article assesses the occurrence of resonance with the effects of geometric stiffness and creep in the vibration of a prestressed reinforced concrete beam. A mathematical model based on the Rayleigh method is used, designed to represent a simply supported beam, intended to function as the base of an engine. the gross cross-section of the beam is set to an arrangement of passive reinforcement that is able to resist the effort provided in the simulation, treated by the method of homogenized section. Creep is taken into account through a three-parameter rheological model that conduces to a temporal modulus of elasticity;a normal force of compression reproduces the post tensioning force, which changes the stiffness, and consequently, the natural frequency of vibration of the structure with time. the results from the numerical simulation indicate resonant and non-resonant schemes between the natural frequency of the beam and the frequency of the engine predicted in the mathematical considerations. © 2017 ECCOMAS Proceedia. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Reinforced concrete

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Resilience assessment for the built environment of a virtual city 6

Resilience assessment for the built environment of a virtual...

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6th International conference on Computational methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake engineering, COMPDYN 2017

作者： Marasco, Sebastiano Noori, Ali Zamani Cimellaro, Gian Paolo Department of Civil Structural and Geotechnical Engineering Politecnico di Torino Italy Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9786188284418

this paper presents a new methodology to predict the potential damage and physical impacts of earthquake on the built environment through nonlinear dynamic simulations. A virtual city consisting of different building categories has been designed. Four building sectors that provide essential functions to a community, including housing (residential building, hotel, shelter, etc.), education (school, university, library, etc.), business (shopping center, retail store, heavy industry, etc.), and public services (hospital, police station, church, airport, etc.) are considered. Once the buildings are integrated into the city, parallel simulations are applied to compute the system functionality following a disruptive scenario. Nonlinear response of a multi degree of freedom model for each residential building is obtained considering the dominant modal shapes and irregularities. the post-elastic behavior is estimated through collapse analysis which allows identification of the over strength factor associated to the most probable failure mechanism of the building. Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS) are applied in order to take into account the epistemic uncertainties associated with geometry and mechanical properties within the range of observations. For each set of buildings' data, the nonlinear dynamic analysis is performed through SAP2000 application programming interface (API) in order to assess the dynamic response of the buildings in an organized and automatic fashion. Accordingly, the city is mapped into different zones representative to the possibility of having different levels of damage (complete, extensive, moderate, and slight). this methodology allows decision-makers to explore how their community will respond to a disruptive event, quantify the performance of critical infrastructure following a hazard, and to plan better resilience-building strategies in order to minimize losses and recovery time.

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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Definition of a fiber macro-model for nonlinear analysis of infilled frames 6

Definition of a fiber macro-model for nonlinear analysis of ...

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6th International conference on Computational methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake engineering, COMPDYN 2017

作者： Di Trapani, F. Cavaleri, L. Bertagnoli, G. Mancini, G. Gino, D. Malavisi, M. Politecnico di Torino Department of Structural Geotechnical and Building Engineering Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 Torino Italy University of Palermo Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Ambientale Aerospaziale Dei Materiali Viale delle Scienze Palermo90128 Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9786188284425

A common way to model infill-frame interaction is the use equivalent strut macromodels. In most cases these are compression only resistant truss elements defined with a multi- linear axial-force / axial-displacement law. the main difficulty in using this approach is to correctly calibrate such a force-displacement curve (slope of ascending and post-peak branches, critical yielding, peak and residual forces) because of the large number of variables (mechanical and elastic properties of materials) and the different possible damage mechanisms activated for the frame-infill system. Another possible way is using fiber-section elements as diagonal struts. In this case the force-displacement law is substituted by a stressstrain curve. In both cases a reliable definition of inelastic response of the strut, based on mechanical approaches, which are valid in general is not easy, as most of models provide rules valid for specific typologies of infills (e.g. weak or strong infills) and frames (e.g. concrete or steel frames). Based on this, the paper proposes the use of fiber-section diagonal struts with a concrete-type stress-strain relationship calibrated using a semi-empirical approach. the Kent-Scott-Park model, depending on four parameters, is used as reference constitutive law for the strut. Experimental data and additional numerical simulations are used to derive semiempirical correlations linking geometrical and mechanical properties of the frame-infill system to the aforementioned parameters governing nonlinear response of the diagonal. Analytical expressions of the best fitting curves are finally provided and suggested as design equation. © 2017 ECCOMAS Proceedia. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Fibers

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A new decision making method to select priority interventions after extreme events 6

A new decision making method to select priority intervention...

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6th International conference on Computational methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake engineering, COMPDYN 2017

作者： Dervishaj, Glen Cimellaro, Gian Paolo Agrawal, Anil Department of Structural Building and Geotechnical Engineering Politecnico di Torino Italy Department of Civil Engineering City College of New York United States

ISBN: (纸本)9786188284425

this study proposes the implementation of decision making tools in quantifying and ranking resilience initiatives. the objective of this study was to build a flexible model capable of assessing and ranking any resilience dimension, like initiatives, projects and indices. the model used is in the study is called Simple Multi-Attribute Technique (SMART), the simplest form of Multi-Attribute Utility theory. SMART offers a simplified and easy to use approach. the benefit of the SMART model lies on how simple the scoring criteria of alternatives and weights of these criteria are established. they can be defined by the decision maker by building a hierarchy and then assign scores to each of them. Otherwise, a set of formulas exist to compare or help the decision maker asses these weights based on the same hierarchy (importance) he previously built. three criteria were used in the SMART model: Time (the amount of months required or planned to complete a project), Cost (budget for each intervention) and Phase (if the project is either completed or still in planning, design or construction). After evaluating these projects with the SMART model, a comparison was made by assessing the same projects through their functionality curve, which is described by the drop in functionality (the cost of projects was used to describe this value) and the time required to complete a specific project. the study highlights the difference between these two seemingly similar models and their different results to then add a third component of calculation, the Social Impact of these projects. this dimension was added because it was recognized that the output of the previous models only took into consideration their performance, and not their impact in the quality of the urban space they are surrounded by. the case study for this approach was New York City and its ongoing recovery projects post Hurricane Sandy. the projects are part of four main Initiatives: Infrastructure, Buildings, Coastal Defe

关键词： Decision making

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In-plane behaviour of earthen materials: A numerical comparison between adobe masonry, rammed earth and COB 6

In-plane behaviour of earthen materials: A numerical compari...

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6th International conference on Computational methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake engineering, COMPDYN 2017

作者： Miccoli, Lorenzo Silva, Rui A. Garofano, Angelo Oliveira, Daniel V. Division Building Materials Unter den Eichen 87 Berlin12205 Germany ISISE University of Minho Department of Civil Engineering Campus de Azurém Guimarães4800-058 Portugal DIANA FEA bv Department of Engineering Delftechpark 19a Delft2628XJ Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9786188284418

the paper presents a comparison between different numerical modelling approaches aiming to simulate the in-plain behaviour of three types of earthen materials, namely adobe masonry, rammed earth and cob. For this purpose, uniaxial and diagonal compression tests were carried out, which allowed determining important mechanical parameters, such as compressive strength, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear strength and shear modulus. Furthermore, the tests allowed assessing the level of non-linear behaviour of the respective stress-strain relationships as well as the failure modes. the experimental results were then used for the calibration of numerical models (based on the finite element method) for simulating the non-linear behaviour of the earth materials under in-plane shear loading. Both macro- and micro-modelling approaches were considered for this purpose. the procedures adopted for model calibration established the reliability of various modelling strategies for the different loading conditions. the simplified approach based on macro-modelling shows a satisfactory accuracy and low computational costs. the results reproducing the uniaxial compression are in good correspondence with the post-elastic behaviour observed in the experimental campaign. the micro-modelling approach adopted to reproduce the shear behaviour, even with higher computational cost, represents a suitable tool to predict the adobe masonry and rammed earth collapse mechanisms.

关键词： Finite element method

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In-plane seismic performance of RC structures with an innovative masonry infill with sliding joints through non-linear analyses 6

In-plane seismic performance of RC structures with an innova...

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6th International conference on Computational methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake engineering, COMPDYN 2017

作者： Rossi, A. Morandi, P. Milanesi, R.R. Magenes, G. IUSS Pavia Piazza della Vittoria 15 Pavia Italy Dep. of Civil Engineering and Architecture University of Pavia EUCENTRE Via Ferrata 1/3 Pavia Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9786188284425

Within the european FP7 Project "INSYSME", the research unit of the University of Pavia has conceived a new seismic resistant masonry infill system with sliding joints, which allows in-plane damage control of the masonry and the reduction of the detrimental effects due to the panel-frame interaction. the system proposed ([1] and [2]) has been subjected to an extensive experimental campaign and both the in-plane and out-of-plane seismic behaviour of RC frames with the innovative infills with and without opening have been examined ([3] and [4]) In this paper, a study on the in-plane seismic performance of RC structures with the newly developed infills has been conducted through nonlinear static and dynamic analyses. the experimental cyclic in-plane response has been calibrated through numerical simulations of the tests by representing the masonry infill as two compressive diagonal struts pinned at its ends to the intersection of beam and column centrelines. Nonlinear analyses on 6-storey 3-bay RC frames designed for different levels of PGA have been conducted. Bare and infilled frames have been taken into account and various infilled configurations have been considered, also examining the case with and without openings. the results have permitted to study the influence of the infill on the global in-plane behaviour of the structure, in particular in terms of displacement and inter-storey drift demands and their reduction as respect to bare configurations. the definition of specific performance levels at the infill level according to the amount of damage attained in the cyclic in-plane tests ([3] and [4]), has allowed determining a consistent criterion for the attainment of the limit state conditions at the level of the building, considering the actual performance of the infills in the structures in terms of the drift demand versus capacity. Finally, a comparison between the results of the non-linear analyses on the structural configurations infilled with the innovativ

关键词： Seismic response

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Excitation of structures near railway tracks-analysis of the wave propagation path 6

Excitation of structures near railway tracks-analysis of the...

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6th International conference on Computational methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake engineering, COMPDYN 2017

作者： Bucinskas, Paulius Andersen, Lars V. Department of Civil Engineering Aalborg University Thomas Manns Vej 23 Aalborg9220 Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9786188284425

High-speed rails are an attractive alternative to other forms of intercity transportation. It is a fast, cost-efficient and environmentally friendly solution, which is being developed in various countries across the world. However, in order to be successful, high-speed rails need to transport the passengers as close as possible to the city centres. therefore, railway tracks have to go through densely populated urban areas, which causes a number of issues. One of the biggest complaints from the inhabitants living near such infrastructures is the high vibration and noise levels caused by the passing trains. Unfortunately, the prediction of vibrations in nearby structures is difficult, as wave propagation from the vibration source to the structure is a complex phenomenon. the behaviour of the structure is highly dependent on the path along which the vibrations travel between their source and the building itself. Especially in the densely built urban environment, the wave propagation path can have different features, such as underground infrastructure, roads, pavements or even other nearby buildings. Such features might have a significant effect on the final excitation of the structure in question. this work aims to analyse how different features in the wave propagation path affect the excitation of a structure. A numerical model is constructed to account for the track structure and the underlying soil. the model utilizes a finite-element model for the structures together with a semi-analytical model of the underlying soil. Different features in the wave-propagation path are introduced, and their effects are compared regarding the behaviour of the structure and the free-field. © 2017 ECCOMAS Proceedia. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Vibration analysis

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