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Interstitial fluid flow within bone canaliculi: numerical assessment of the influence of physical and material parameters

Interstitial fluid flow within bone canaliculi: Numerical as...

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6th european Congress on Computational methods in Applied Sciences and engineering, ECCOMAS 2012

作者： Sansalone, Vittorio Kaiser, Joanna Naïli, Salah Lemaire, thibault Université Paris-Est Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle MSME UMR 8208 CNRS 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle 94010 Créteil cedex France

ISBN: (纸本)9783950353709

Canalicular fluid flow is acknowledged to play a major role in bone functioning, allowing bone cells' metabolism and activity and providing an efficient way for cell-to-cell communication. Bone canaliculi are small canals running through the bone solid matrix, hosting osteocyte's dendrites and saturated by an interstitial fluid rich in ions. Because of the small size of these canals (few hundreds nanometers in diameter), fluid flow is coupled with electrochemical phenomena. A multiscale and multi-physics model of canalicular fluid flow accounting for coupled hydraulic, chemical and electro-chemical phenomena was developed by our group. Most of the physical and geometrical information required by the model is hardly accessible by nowadays experimental techniques. the goal of this study is to numerically assess the influence of the physical and material parameters involved in the canalicular fluid flow, in order to identify the most relevant ones and to foster theoretical developments and experimental research in that direction. To this aim, we used a multi-parametric sensitivity analysis. the most relevant parameters affecting the canalicular fluid flow were identified and their effects quantified. therefore, this study gives insight into the potential interactions between electro-chemistry and mechanics in bone and provides the rational for further theoretical and experimental investigations.

关键词： Flow of fluids

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numerical simulation of passive tip-leakage flow control method for axial turbines

Numerical simulation of passive tip-leakage flow control met...

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6th european Congress on Computational methods in Applied Sciences and engineering, ECCOMAS 2012

作者： Benoni, Albert Willinger, Reinhard Institute for Energy Systems and Thermodynamics Vienna University of Technology Getreidemarkt 9/302 A-1060 Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783950353709

Losses in axial turbine blade rows are divided into profile, secondary and tip-leakage losses. the loss generated by the flow through the radial gap can contribute up to one third of the overall losses. A passive method to reduce the tip-leakage loss was introduced by Hamik and Willinger. therefore the blade leading edge is connected with the blade tip by a channel. the positive effect of a passive tip-injection in spanwise direction has been measured by Hamik and Willinger. the tip gap width has significant influence on the tip-leakage loss, so the tip flow was investigated at two typical gap widths for axial turbine blade rows. 3D-models of a turbine blade without tip-injection and with tip-injection by a bore with a 45° inclination to the pressure side were generated and thereout structured high quality meshes have been created in ICEM CFD. Two kind of meshes were generated to investigate the influence of the bore geometry on the injection mass flow and thereby on the tip-leakage flow. To calculate the turbulent tip gap flow, turbulence models have a significant influence on the prediction of the tip-leakage flow structure. therefore two kind of RANS turbulence models (Realizeable κ-Ε Model and Reynolds Stress Model) have been applied. To compare the calculated data, measurements on the linear cascade with 45° injection have been carried out.

关键词： Turbomachine blades

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Comparison of approximate models of horizontal wire conductor above homogeneous ground

Comparison of approximate models of horizontal wire conducto...

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european conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP

作者： Vesna Arnautovski-Toseva Khalil El Khamlichi Drissi Kamal Kerroum Leonid Grcev Nstitute Pascal Blaise Pascal University Clermont-Ferrand II Clermont Ferrand France Faculty of Electrical Engineering and IT Ss Cyril and Methodius University Skopje Macedonia

the paper presents comparison between approximate models of horizontal wire conductor above homogeneous lossy ground based on image theory and transmission line theory. the main objective of this study is to indicate the cases of applicability of the proposed approximate models in practical EMC studies. the results are verified by comparison with exact model based on the electromagnetic theory.

关键词： Conductors Approximation methods numerical models Accuracy Current distribution Mathematical model Wires

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Online training of data-driven POD-based surrogates for optimization

Online training of data-driven POD-based surrogates for opti...

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6th european Congress on Computational methods in Applied Sciences and engineering, ECCOMAS 2012

作者： Guénot, M. Lepot, I. Sainvitu, C. Filomeno Coelho, R. Cenaero - Minamo Team Rue des Frères Wright 29 6041 Gosselies Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles BATir Building Architecture and Town Planning Brussels School of Engineering 1050 Brussels Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9783950353709

In the context of simulation-based optimization, Reduced Order Models (ROMs) are receiving an increasing attention as surrogate models of costly high-fidelity simulations. the present paper investigates novel strategies for efficiently using non-intrusive ROMs based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) in an online optimization context. the strategies aim at reducing or taking into account the errors introduced by the POD basis truncation and POD coefficients interpolation, using both alternative construction techniques and balanced exploitation/exploration infill criteria. Alternative constructions of the ROM using centering of the snapshots, local basis construction and automatic truncation are investigated. Online training is performed to select infill samples most likely to improve the global accuracy of the ROM and/or the objective function, i.e. exploring the parametric space or exploiting the surrogate. the high-fidelity simulation is then used to retrieve the solution at these infill points and to update the ROM. Balanced exploration/exploitation infill criteria widely used with classical surrogates are adapted to the considered ROM. the proposed strategies are compared to cases using state-of-the-art Kriging surrogates of objective and constraints functions and pure exploitation of the surrogates on an 8-parameter transonic airfoil shape optimization case. the numerical results indicate the potential of the strategies for reaching the global optimum at minimum computational cost.

关键词： Kriging

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Study of the effect of mechanical loading on cell cultures in bone tissue engineering

Study of the effect of mechanical loading on cell cultures i...

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6th european Congress on Computational methods in Applied Sciences and engineering, ECCOMAS 2012

作者： Cruel, M. Bensidhoum, M. Sudre, L. Puel, G. Hoc, T. LTDS CNRS UMR 5513 Ecole Centrale de Lyon 36 av Guy de Collongue F-69134 Ecully France B2OA CNRS UMR 7052 Université Paris Diderot 10 av de Verdun F-75010 Paris France MSSMAT CNRS UMR 8579 Ecole Centrale de Paris Grande Voie des Vignes F-92295 Châtenay-Malabry France

ISBN: (纸本)9783950353709

Bone tissue engineering requires a control of cell microenvironment: temperature, culture medium, hygrometry. In particular, mechanical stresses are known to enhance bone cells activity through the process of mechanotransduction. this phenomenon has been observed in vivo for several years. It also plays a fundamental role in vitro on mesenchymal stem cells used in bone tissue engineering. Bioreactors have been developed to grow some grafts with a flow of culture medium that provides cells with nutrients and evacuates wastes. In addition, this fluid flow induces shear stresses on the walls of the scaffolds on which cells are seeded. the designs of current bioreactors need to be improved to optimize mechanical solicitations. It is therefore necessary to be able to evaluate fluid flow-induced shear stresses. In this study, an existing bioreactor was modeled and numerical simulations of the fluid flow were run. Two geometries of scaffolds were tested and compared. Wall shear stress levels were evaluated and reached mean values of about 0.3 Pa. these simulation data provided information about what cells are exposed to in the bioreactor and partly explained the biological results observed.

关键词： Shear stress

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numerical study of aerosol deposition in a simplified human mouth-throat model

Numerical study of aerosol deposition in a simplified human ...

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6th european Congress on Computational methods in Applied Sciences and engineering, ECCOMAS 2012

作者： Agnihotri, Vivek Ghorbaniasl, Ghader Verbanck, Sylvia Lacor, Chris Department of Mechanical Engineering Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium Respiratory Division University Hospital Vrije Universiteit Brussel Laarbeeklaan 101 1090 Brussel Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9783950353709

Previous studies have indicated inadequate simulation of total and local aerosol deposition patterns in the human upper airway when an Euler-Lagrange methodology is applied using the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equation (RANS). In the present work, we show how a new eddy interaction model (EIM) can greatly improve agreement with experimental aerosol deposition obtained in a simplified upper airway model (UAM) during both inspiratory and expiratory breathing phases. We used the low Reynolds SST κ-ω turbulence model, and applied two EIM methods to track the aerosols in the Lagrangian frame. the simulations were performed for mono-disperse particle sizes 2μm, 3μm, 4μm, 6μm, 8μm and 10μm at breathing rates of 30 and 60 L/min. the aim of the present paper was: (a) to demonstrate the accuracy of newly proposed "helicity EIM" previously described in *** et al. (2012) over classical EIM assuming isotropy ("isotropic EIM"), (b) to investigate the effect of inlet boundary condition on aerosol deposition behavior. the results were validated against the experimental data available on the present UAM by comparing the total and compartmental deposition efficiencies. It was shown that the "helicity EIM" more accurately predicts total deposition efficiency but also better captures the aerosol deposition patterns within the UAM that are characteristic of in- and expiratory breathing phases. Sensitivity of the simulated aerosol deposition patterns to upstream flow conditions was also observed, particularly for the expiratory phase. In conclusion, with the proper choices of the EIM and of inlet boundary conditions, a fluid/particle simulation based on RANS methodology can be successful in reproducing upper airway aerosol deposition.

关键词： Boundary conditions

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Study on highly efficient numerical simulation of flow using thirteen velocity Quasi-equilibrium Lattice Boltzmann model

Study on highly efficient numerical simulation of flow using...

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6th european Congress on Computational methods in Applied Sciences and engineering, ECCOMAS 2012

作者： Yasduda, Takahiro Hashimoto, Tomohisa Tanno, Itaru Tanaka, Yoshihiro Minagawa, Hisato Morinish, Koji Satofuka, Nobuyuki University of Shiga Prefecture 2500 Hassaka-cho Hikone-shi Shiga 522-8533 Japan Kinki University 3-4-1 Kowakae Higashi-Osaka Osaka 577-850 Japan Tsukuba University of Technology 4-3-15 Amakubo Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8520 Japan TOYO TIRE and RUBBER CO. LTD. 2-2-13 Fujinoki Itami Hyogo 664-0847 Japan Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan Kyoto Institute of Technology University of Shiga Prefecture Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783950353709

Quasi-equilibrium Lattice Boltzmann model (QELBM) has been developed in order to overcome disruptive non-linear instability occurring in the standard LBGK model and get stable solution at high Reynolds number flow simulation in recent years. In the computation using QELBM, 13 velocity model for 3-dimensional calculation can be used, thereby highly efficient computations of three dimensional flow in high Reynolds number region, which is important for industrial application such as flow around the automobile, are possible. However, the application of QELBM for 3-dimensonal flow has not been done yet, thus the detail about the advantage of QELBM over other methods is not known. In this study, we applied QELBM to lid-driven cubic cavity flow in Reynolds number Re = 100, 400 and 1000, liddriven velosity U = 0.1, and investigated the advantage of QELBM for the stability, accuracy and computational effort by comparing with 13 velocity MRT and 19 velocity LBGK model.

关键词： Velocity

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Experimental and numerical analysis of the tensile test of aluminium welded samples

Experimental and numerical analysis of the tensile test of a...

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6th european Congress on Computational methods in Applied Sciences and engineering, ECCOMAS 2012

作者： Lacki, Piotr Adamus, Janina Sadowski, Tomasz Wojsyk, Kwiryn Kneć, Marcin Czestochowa University of Technology 69 Dabrowskiego str 42-201 Czestochowa Poland Lublin University of Technology 40 Nadbystrzycka str 20-618 Lublin Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783950353709

the constant efforts to reduce the structure weight have forced the aircraft industry to look for alternative materials to steel. the use of aluminium makes it possible to reduce weight using conventional technologies but additional weight savings can result from the application of so-called tailor-welded blanks technology. this technology consists of joining small separate blanks by welding. While the joining and forming of steel tailored blanks has been comprehensively described in the technical literature, the joining and forming of aluminium tailor-welded blanks still poses a significant problem. In this paper, some experimental tests carried out on welded samples manufactured from EN AW-6061T4 aluminium alloy sheet are presented. the samples were joined by TIG-welding using the base metal as a filler. Pulse current welding means low energy input. Mechanical testing, scratch test and optical microscopy were used to characterise the welds and the base metal of the samples. then, the welded specimens were subjected to uniaxial tension to the point of final failure so as to allow the analysis of the stress and strain states using the 3-D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system ARAMIS, which permits the whole deformation process to be monitored. the deformation changes were observed in real time. Fracture occurred in all the samples at a certain distance from the weld, which means that there was a slight thermo-mechanical strengthening directly in the weld. the experimental results were compared with the numerical analysis of the tensile tests on the welded samples. the numerical simulations were carried out using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with the ADINA commercial code. thermal analysis means it is possible to determine the area of the heat affected zone (thermal model). Mechanical analysis leads to the calculation of the strain state after sample deformation in uniaxial tension (mechanical model).

关键词： Tensile testing

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Fast spectral-domain MBF method for printed antennas

Fast spectral-domain MBF method for printed antennas

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european conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP

作者： Shambhu Nath Jha Christophe Craeye ICTEAM Institute Electrical Engineering Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium

A fast spectral domain method to evaluate the reaction terms between the Macro Basis Functions (MBFs) is proposed. the presented technique is based on reducing the number of interactions by exploiting the properties of spectral domain methods applied to MBFs. the complexity of this method is independent from the complexity of the elements in the array, leading to much larger savings in matrix filling time for large arrays with complex antennas having large number of unknowns. numerical results of the proposed method are compared with that of the pre-validated normal MBF solutions. An Excellent agreement between the presented techique and the reference solutions is reported.

关键词： Europe conferences Antenna arrays Indexes Arrays

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A Galerkin approach to FFT-based homogenization methods

A Galerkin approach to FFT-based homogenization methods

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6th european Congress on Computational methods in Applied Sciences and engineering, ECCOMAS 2012

作者： Brisard, Sébastien Dormieux, Luc Université Paris-Est Laboratoire Navier Ecole des Ponts ParisTech 6-8 avenue Blaise Pascal F-77455 Marne la Vallée France

ISBN: (纸本)9783950353709

Since their introduction by Moulinec and Suquet [1, 2], FFT-based full-field simulations of the mechanical properties of composites have become increasingly popular, with applications ranging from the linear elastic behaviour of cementitious materials [3], to the plasticity of polycrystals [4]. Recently, the authors have proposed [5] a new formulation of these numerical schemes, based on the energy principle of Hashin and Shtrikman [6]. While similar in principle to the original scheme of Moulinec and Suquet, the new scheme was shown to be much better-behaved. Indeed, convergence of the scheme is guaranteed for any contrast, without having to resort to augmented Lagrangian approaches [7]. Besides, convergence of the new scheme is generally much faster. However, the new scheme has two drawbacks. First, the reference material must be stiffer (or softer) than all constituants of the composite;this is not always possible, for example when the composite contains both pores and rigid inclusions. Second, the scheme requires the preliminary computation of the so-called consistent Green operator, which turned out to be a difficult task in three dimensions. In order to relax these requirements, an in-depth mathematical analysis of these schemes was carried out by the authors [8]. In this paper, the Lippmann-Schwinger equation and its variational form will briefly be recalled. the Galerkin approach will then be adopted for the discretization of this equation, and it will be shown that the basic scheme of [1] as well as the energy scheme proposed in [5] can both be viewed as well-posed Galerkin approximations of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation. Contrary to what was previously believed [7, 5] these approximations are convergent, regardless of the reference material (provided that its stiffness is positive definite). Comparison of these two approximations leads to the derivation of the so-called filtered, non-consistent approach, which combines the assets of the two former method

关键词： Fast Fourier transforms

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