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检索条件"任意字段=6th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering"

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Behaviour of cyclic laterally loaded large diameter monopiles in saturated sand

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7th european conference on numerical methods in geotechnical engineering, NUMGE 2010

作者： Ercan Taşan, H. Rackwitz, Frank Savidis, Stavros A. Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Division Berlin Institute of Technology Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780415592390

Monopiles are suitable foundations for offshore wind energy converters. the monopiles are highly laterally loaded due to harsh environmental conditions especially from wind and water waves. therefore a monopile diameter of up to 7m in water depth of about 30m will be necessary to maintain serviceability of the wind energy converter over several years. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed to investigate the behaviour of large diameter piles under cyclic lateral loading taking the interaction between the pile and the surrounding sandy soil into account. the material behaviour of sand is described by a hypoplastic model with intergranular strain, suitable to account for cyclic behaviour of cohesionless soils. the frictional behaviour in the interface between monopile and soil is modeled by contact elements. the focus of the investigation is the pore water pressure accumulation close to the monopile. For this purpose a three-dimensional fully coupled two-phase finite element were developed and implemented. the two phase material is assumed to consist of a solid phase, the skeleton, and a fluid phase which fully occupies the pores in the skeleton. the governing equations of the coupled fluid-structure problem are the equations of pore fluid flow and the equilibrium conditions. the effects of pile diameter and cyclic loading on pore water pressure accumulation and soil-pile interaction are discussed on the basis of the numerical results. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

关键词： Finite element method

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numerical study of piping limits for installation of large diameter buckets in layered sand

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7th european conference on numerical methods in geotechnical engineering, NUMGE 2010

作者： Ibsen, L.B. thilsted, C.L. Aalborg University Denmark Dong Energy Power Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9780415592390

the bucket foundations, often referred as 'suction caissons', are large cylindrical structures, typically made in steel. the bucket foundations have the potential to be the cost-effective option for offshore wind turbines, if suction assisted penetration is employed. Suction installation may cause formation of piping channels, which break down the hydraulic seal and prevent further installation. this paper presents a numerical study of failure limits during suction installation in respect to both homogenous and layered soil profile. A numerical flow analysis is performed to determine the hydraulic gradients developing in response to applied suction and the results are presented as simple closed form solutions useful for evaluation of suction thresholds against piping. these close form solutions are compared with large scale model test, performed in a natural seabed at a test site in Frederikshavn, Denmark. these solutions are also valid for penetration studies of other offshore skirted foundations and anchors using suction assisted penetration in homogeneous or layered sand. Due to the complexity of the domain and the governing differential equation, the problem is solved numerically. A numerical solution can be obtained using either finite difference or finite element methods. In this paper, the problem is solved using the commercial finite difference program FLAC3D (Itasca, 2005). © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

关键词： Differential equations

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Evaluation of viscous damping due to solid-fluid interaction in a poroelastic layer subjected to shear dynamic actions

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7th european conference on numerical methods in geotechnical engineering, NUMGE 2010

作者： Grazina, J. Pinto, P.L. Taborda, D. Department of Civil Engineering University of Coimbra Portugal Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College London United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9780415592390

Dynamic response of poroelastic saturated materials is largely dependent of factors such as the solid skeleton permeability and the frequency of the movement. Depending on these quantities, the behaviour is undrained for total coupled interaction or fully drained for null interaction. Between these limit cases, some relative movement occurs among solid skeleton and fluid, generating viscous damping, which, in turn, modifies the elastic response of the system. this paper presents results from FE analyses of coupled viscous solid-fluid interaction in poroelastic saturated layers, using a code with coupled formulation us -uw -p. Firstly, the natural frequencies are evaluated for free vibration responses considering different coupled levels. Secondly, the damping ratios are estimated by imposing harmonic shear actions, with the previously obtained frequencies, to the layers. It was observed that a sudden change of modal frequencies occurs, from nearly undrained values to nearly drained values. this was followed by a variation of modal damping ratios, ranging from almost null values, for permeabilities close to the above mentioned limit cases, to maximum values at intermediate coupled interaction. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

关键词： Damping

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Dynamic fragmentation in rock avalanches: A numerical model of micromechanical behaviour

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7th european conference on numerical methods in geotechnical engineering, NUMGE 2010

作者： Rait, K.L. Bowman, E.T. Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9780415592390

It is hypothesized that the dynamic fragmentation of rock clasts is a key mechanism to the long run out of rock avalanches. that is, large rock avalanches tend to travel further than expected in comparison with scaled-up grain flows and this so-called "size effect" is a function of the avalanche size. It is thought that the overburden pressure due to the avalanche size in a large rock avalanche promotes fragmentation of rock clasts and therefore influences run out. the discrete element method is used to investigate this micromechanical behaviour by placing a single brittle fragmenting cluster of particles within a group of non-fragmenting clusters. Using PFC3D this system is placed under a high strain rate to determine the effect of fragmentation on the behaviour of near particles. this paper shows that the overburden strain-rate is directly related to the fragmentation process and that so long as load is applied sufficiently quickly, particles will dynamically fragment rather than simply split or crush;the associated fragments will possess a kinetic energy and therefore collide with near particles. this force of collision can influence the behaviour of the near particles, and under dynamic fragmentation, kinetic energy is dispersed through the system as the near particles fragment. It is postulated that this energy movement produces an isotropic dispersive stress that could explain the long run-out of rock avalanches via the decrease in effective stress within the system. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

关键词： Kinetic energy

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three dimensional numerical model for nonlinear earthquake response of slopes

Three dimensional numerical model for nonlinear earthquake r...

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9th US National and 10th Canadian conference on Earthquake engineering 2010, Including Papers from the 4th International Tsunami Symposium

作者： Taiebat, M. Kaynia, A.M. Dimmock, P. Senders, M. Dept. of Civil Engineering University of British Columbia 6250 Applied Science Lane Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada Discipline Leader Earthquake Engineering Norwegian Geotechnical Institute P.O. Box 3930 Ullevaal Stadion NO-0806 Oslo Norway BP Exploration Sunbury-on-Thames Middlesex TW16 7LN United Kingdom Woodside Energy Ltd. 240 St Georges Terrace Perth WA 6000 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781617388446

Traditional methods of seismic slope stability assessment are based on a quasistatic approach. In moderate to severe seismic regions this approach usually indicates slope failure. In reality, however, the slope experiences some permanent displacements without failure. A realistic three-dimensional simulation of the nonlinear material subjected to irregular earthquake loading is very complex and requires reliable and advanced computational tools. Such tools need to have capabilities for 3D analyses, dynamic loading, fully coupled solid-fluid interaction, handling the boundary conditions in a realistic way, and most importantly application of advanced plasticity models. In the present developments the constitutive behavior of the soil matrix is characterized using a Simple Anisotropic CLAY plasticity model with Destructuration (SANICLAYD). the model is efficiently integrated in FLAC3D program and provides an advanced numerical tool with a reasonable level of sophistication for realistic modeling of clays in practical geotechnical earthquake engineering problems. An illustrative example describing the earthquake behavior of saturated clayey slope using the SANICLAY-D model is presented and discussed.

关键词： Earthquake engineering

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Application of non-intrusive optical methods for in-flight flow visualisation

Application of non-intrusive optical methods for in-flight f...

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40th Annual International Symposium of the Society of Flight Test Engineers 2009

作者： Politz, Christina Kreienfeld, Malte Boden, Fritz Lawson, Nicholas Casella, Domenico DLR Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology Göttingen Germany DLR Institute of Flight Guidance Braunschweig Germany Cranfield University School of Engineering Cranfield United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781617384455

the design or modification of an aircraft requires substantial numerical and experimental studies. the outcome of the design process and therefore the definitive quality of the aircraft will be verified during the flight tests for certification. the extrapolation of the data obtained during wind tunnel experiments or at low Reynolds number simulations to real flight conditions is not straight forward and often based on engineering experience or estimations. In terms of measurement techniques, non-intrusive optical image based methods have undergone considerable technological progress during the past decade. the main objective of the european project Advanced In-Flight Measurement Techniques (AIM) is the further development of these optical methods such that they can be routinely applied to flight tests to provide detailed quantitative information on various important parameters e.g. pressure distribution on a wing or density gradient and flow vector fields near airplanes and helicopters. this research project belongs to the 6th european Framework and is funded by the european Commission. One of the applied advanced in-flight measurement techniques is the particle image velocimetry (PIV) method. this mature wind tunnel measurement technique delivers instantaneous flow velocity vector fields with high spatial and temporal accuracy, which can be used to validate numerical simulations. the arrangement of this experimental procedure has been specified and certified for a Dornier DO228 aircraft by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) together with the Cranfield University. the following paper will give a brief overview on the measurement technique PIV and the main challenges such as certifying an airborne class 4 laser system, or the search for suitable seeding, before being able to apply the technique to flight tests. In what follows, the measurement setup and the flight tests will be described. Some of the first results and an outlook on future activities will conclude the

关键词： Wind tunnels

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A smooth estimator for MC/QMC methods in finance

A smooth estimator for MC/QMC methods in finance

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6th IMACS Seminar on Monte Carlo methods

作者： Han, Chuan-Hsiang Lai, Yongzeng Natl Tsing Hua Univ Dept Quantitat Finance Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Wilfrid Laurier Univ Dept Math Waterloo ON N2L 3C5 Canada

We investigate the effect of martingale control as a smoother for MC/QMC methods. numerical results of estimating low-biased solutions for American put option prices under the Black-Scholes model demonstrate that using QMC methods can be problematic. But it can be fixed by adding a (local) martingale control variate into the least-squares estimator to gain accuracy and efficiency. In examples of estimating european option prices under multi-factor stochastic volatility models, randomized QMC methods improve the variance by merely a single digit. After adding a martingale control, the variance reduction ratio raise up to 700 times for randomized QMC and about 50 times for MC simulations. When the delta estimation problem is considered, the efficiency of the martingale control variate method decreases. We propose an importance sampling method which performs better particularly in the presence of rare events. (C) 2010 IMACS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Option pricing Multi-factor stochastic volatility models Control variate method Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo methods

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Current issues for the internal stability design of geosynthetic reinforced soil

Current issues for the internal stability design of geosynth...

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9th International conference on Geosynthetics - Geosynthetics: Advanced Solutions for a Challenging World, ICG 2010

作者： Bathurst, R.J. Allen, T.M. Huang, B.Q. GeoEngineering Centre at Queen's-RMC Department of Civil Engineering Royal Military College of Canada Kingston ON K7K 7B4 Canada State Geotechnical Engineer Washington State Department of Transportation State Materials Laboratory Olympia WA 98504-7365 United States GeoEngineering Centre at Queen's-RMC Department of Civil Engineering Queen's University Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9788563456007

Current design methods for the internal stability analysis of geosynthetic reinforced soil walls are based on limit equilibrium analysis and the assumption of a simultaneous failure state for the soil and reinforcement. the paper reviews deficiencies in the use of strength-based analyses for reinforcement rupture and pullout design of walls under operational conditions. Measured and predicted reinforcement loads using the current North American Simplified (tie-back wedge) Method are compared and predicted values shown to be very poor on average. Sources of poor prediction accuracy are identified using results of instrumented fullscale walls and numerical modeling. the essential features of a new empirical-based working stress design method (K-stiffness Method) are presented. this new method explicitly includes the influence of reinforcement stiffness and the structural facing amongst other contributions. Statistical analysis of the bias of measured to predicted load is used to demonstrate the improved accuracy of this new load design approach. Finally, the paper discusses the implications of load model accuracy on reliability-based limit states design calibration.

关键词： Reinforcement

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A Continuous Max-Flow Approach to Potts Model

A Continuous Max-Flow Approach to Potts Model

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11th european conference on Computer Vision

作者： Yuan, Jing Bae, Egil Tai, Xue-Cheng Boykov, Yuri Univ Western Ontario Dept Comp Sci London ON N6A 5B7 Canada Univ Bergen Dept Math Bergen Norway Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Math & Phys Sci Div Sci Math Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9783642155666

We address the continuous problem of assigning multiple (unordered) labels with the minimum perimeter. the corresponding discrete Potts model is typically addressed with a-expansion which can generate metrication artifacts. Existing convex continuous formulations of the Potts model use TV-based functionals directly encoding perimeter costs. Such formulations are analogous to 'min-cut' problems on graphs. We propose a novel convex formulation with a continous 'max-flow' functional. this approach is dual to the standard TV-based formulations of the Potts model. Our continous max-flow approach has significant numerical advantages;it avoids extra computational load in enforcing the simplex constraints and naturally allows parallel computations over different labels. numerical experiments show competitive performance in terms of quality and significantly reduced number of iterations compared to the previous state of the art convex methods for the continuous Potts model.

关键词： numerical methods

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Finite element method (FEM) for verifications in geotechnical design

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17th International conference on Soil Mechanics and geotechnical engineering, ICSMGE 2009

作者： Heibaum, Michael Herten, Markus BAW Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781607500315

Verifications in geotechnical design according to national and european standards are mostly based on limit state models like slip circle or sliding wedges - and the safety factors are related to these models. To use numerical models like the FEM it has to be checked, to what extent the results coincide. numerical methods such as the FEM enable failure patterns to be forecast from deformations occurring close to the point of failure instead of assuming a priori a limit state geometry for a particular verification. Also boundary conditions can be considered much more in detail. In addition, one single FE calculation is able to provide not only the effects of the actions for ultimate limit state design (ULS) but also those needed for serviceability limit state design (SLS). Obviously there are possibilities and limitations of the FEM for verifications in geotechnical design according to standards, here concentrating on the new european standard EN 1997-1 (EC 7). © 2009 IOS Press.

关键词： Finite element method

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