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作者： Shi, Dianxi Wu, Zhendong Ding, Bo Yan, Huining National Key Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing School of Computer Science National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769546698

Context situation, which means a snapshot of the status of the real world, is formed by integrating a large amount of contexts collected from various resources. How to get the context situation and use the situation to provide better services is a challenging issue. In this paper, we focused on this challenge on the basis of the mobile cloud computing architecture. An abstract model is proposed in this paper to uniformly collect the context and send them to cloud. A rule-based large-scale context aggregation algorithm is also proposed which utilizes the MapReduce computing paradigm. Finally, a large-scale context management framework based on the abstract model and the context aggregation algorithm is proposed, and a real-time traffic demo is implemented to verify the validity of the framework. © 2012 ieee.

关键词： MapReduce

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Statistical properties of task running times in a Global-Scale grid environment 06

Statistical properties of task running times in a Global-Sca...

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6th ieee international symposium on Cluster computing and the Grid (CCGRID 2006)

作者： Dobber, Menno van der Mei, Rob Koole, Ger Vrije Univ Amsterdam Boelelaan 1081A NL-1081 HV Amsterdam Netherlands CWI & Vrije Univ NL-1081 HV Amsterdam Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)0769525857

Grid computing technology connects globally distributed processors to develop an immense source of computing power, which enables us to run applications in parallel that would take orders of magnitude more time on a single processor. Key characteristics of a global-scale grid are the strong burstiness in the amount of load on the resources and on the network capacities, and the fact that processors may be appended to or removed from the grid at any time. To cope with these characteristics, it is essential to develop techniques that make applications robust against the dynamics of the grid environment. For these techniques to be effective, it is important to have an understanding of the statistical properties of the dynamics of a grid environment. Today, however, the statistical properties of the dynamic behavior of real global-scale grid environments are not well understood. Our main focus is on highly CPU-intensive grid applications that require huge amounts of processor power for running tasks. Motivated by this, we have performed extensive measurements in a real, global-scale grid environment to study the statistical properties of the running times of tasks on processors. We observe (1) a strong burstiness of the running times over different time scales, (2) a strong heterogeneity of the running-time characteristics among the different hosts, (3) a strong heterogeneity of the running-time characteristics for the same host over different time intervals, and (4) the occurrence of sudden level-switches in the running times, amongst others. these observations are used to develop effective techniques for the prediction of running times. they can be used to develop effective control schemes for robust grid applications.

关键词： Electronic mail Grid computing Robustness Concurrent computing distributed computing Performance evaluation Robust control Internet Load management Computational modeling

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the central guardian approach to enforce fault isolation in the time-triggered architecture 6

The central guardian approach to enforce fault isolation in ...

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6th international symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems

作者： Bauer, G Kopetz, HN Steiner, W Vienna Univ Technol Inst Tech Informat A-1040 Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)0769518761

this paper discusses measures to make a distributed system based on the time-Triggered Architecture resistant to arbitrary node failures. the presented approach introduces a central guardian as part of the interconnection network. this guardian acts as a supervising unit to node computers by checking for compliance to the fault hypothesis at the network interface of the node. By implementing appropriate algorithms the guardian is able to transform failure modes (of nodes) that cannot be tolerated by the fault hypothesis of the TTP/C protocol. this transformation ensures that at the interface to correct nodes - even an arbitrarily faulty node will be compliant to the fault hypothesis of the TTP/C communication protocol.

关键词： Communication system control Computer architecture Computer interfaces Computer networks distributed computing Fault tolerance Isolation technology Multiprocessor interconnection networks Protocols real time systems

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Locality-aware extension of π-Calculus to model self-organizing behavior in massively distributed embedded systems

Locality-aware extension of π-Calculus to model self-organi...

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2010 13th ieee international symposium on object/Component/Service-oriented real-time distributed computing Workshops, ISORC Workshops 2010

作者： Orfanus, Dalimir Janacik, Peter Wagner, Flávio Rech ABB Corporate Research Centre Oslo Norway Heinz Nixdorf Institute University of Paderborn Paderborn Germany Institute of Informatics Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780769540382

Massively distributed Embedded Systems (MDES) such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are gaining increasing attention, since they enable a broad range of novel applications starting from monitoring oceans to exploring distant planets. WSNs consist of hundreds of nodes that have typically very limited recourses (computational, memory, energy, etc.) and are deployed in a dynamic environment, where they have to continuously adapt to new conditions. Due to the small-size requirement of the nodes, they are highly resource-constrained. Because of that, the amount of functionality that may be present in each node is limited. therefore, cooperation between nodes is needed in order to accomplish complex tasks. these facts turn the design of applications for WSNs into a challenge. A promising approach how to deal with it is to use the emergent self-organization metaphor. In this paper a new process algebra (PA) called "Locality-aware extension of π-Calculus" is presented. the algebra is one of several techniques included in a new design methodology for the design of self-organizing behavior in MDES. the method is based on π-Calculus and allows a high-level description of interactions among processes. As the most important characteristic of self-organization is the restriction of interactions to neighboring elements (localized interactions), we extend the π-Calculus with locality awareness, a necessary abstraction to allow the modeling of self-organization in MDES. To get full locality awareness in π-Calculus, we extended it with concepts for modeling spatiality, probability and time. Moreover, new types of channels are included to cover various types of communication such as distribution, broadcast and aggregation. In order to validate this new PA, we successfully model a self-organizing clustering algorithm for WSNs. © 2010 ieee.

关键词： Clustering algorithms

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Aspect-oriented programing techniques to support distribution, fault tolerance, and load balancing in the CORBA LCcomponent model

Aspect-oriented programing techniques to support distributio...

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6th ieee international symposium on Network computing and Applications

作者： Sevilla, Diego Garcia, Jose M. Gomez, Antonio Univ Murcia Comp Engn E-30071 Murcia Spain Univ Murcia Informat & Commun Engn E-30071 Murcia Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9780769529226

the design and implementation of distributed High Performance computing (HPC) applications is becoming harder as the scale and number of distributed resources and application is growing. Programming abstractions, libraries and frameworks are needed to better overcome that complexity. Moreover when Quality of Service (QoS) requirements such as load balancing, efficient resource usage and fault tolerance have to be met, the resulting code is harder to develop, maintain, and reuse, as the code for providing the QoS requirements gets normally mixed with the functionality code. Component Technology, on the other hand, allows a better modularity and reusability of applications and even a better support for the development of distributed applications, as those applications can be partitioned in terms of components installed and running (deployed) in the different hosts participating in the system. Components also have requirements in forms of the aforementioned non-junctional aspects. In our approach, the code for ensuring these aspects can be automatically generated based on the requirements stated by components and applications, thus leveraging the component implementer of having to deal with these non-functional aspects. In this paper we present the characteristics and the convenience of the generated code for dealing with load balancing, distribution, and fault-tolerance aspects in the context of CORBA-LC. CORBA-LC is a lightweight distributed reflective component model based on CORBA that imposes a peer network model in which the whole network acts as a repository for managing and assigning the whole set of resources: components, CPU cycles, memory, etc.

关键词： Common object request broker architecture (CORBA)

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Network Bandwidth Predictor (NBP): A system for online network performance forecasting 06

Network Bandwidth Predictor (NBP): A system for online netwo...

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6th ieee international symposium on Cluster computing and the Grid (CCGRID 2006)

作者： Eswaradass, Alaknantha Sun, Xian-He Wu, Ming IIT Dept Comp Sci Chicago IL 60616 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769525857

the applicability of network-based computing depends on the availability of the underlying network bandwidth. However, network resources are shared and the available network bandwidth varies with time. there is no satisfactory solution available for network performance predictions. In this research, we propose, design, and implement the NBP (Network Bandwidth Predictor) for rapid network performance prediction. NBP is a new system that employs a neural network based approach for network bandwidth forecasting. this system is designed to integrate with most advanced technologies. It employs the NWS (Network Weather Service) monitoring subsystem to measure the network traffic, and provides an improved, more accurate performance prediction than that of NW3, especially with applications with a network usage pattern. the NBP system has been tested on real time data collected by NWS monitoring subsystem and on trace files. Experimental results confirm that NBP has an improved prediction.

关键词： performance prediction network bandwidth artificial neural network distributed computing

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the real-time Systems Compiler: migrating event-triggered systems to time-triggered systems

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SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2011年第12期41卷 1491-1515页

作者： Scheler, Fabian Schroeder-Preikschat, Wolfgang Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Dept Comp Sci Distributed Syst & Operating Syst 4 Erlangen Germany

In this paper, we present a prototype of the real-time Systems Compiler (RTSC). the RTSC is a compiler-based tool that enables the migration from event-triggered to time-triggered real-time systems. this is achieved by replacing the real-time systems architecture of a given real-time system. the real-time systems architecture governs the structural properties of the white-box view of a real-time system: how are tasks attached to events and how are dependencies between different tasks implemented. the RTSC uses an abstraction called Atomic Basic Blocks (ABBs) to hide the real-time systems architecture and capture all relevant dependencies of an event-triggered system in a global ABB-graph. the RTSC automatically extracts that ABB-graph from an event-triggered real-time system given as source code, transforms that ABB-graph appropriately, and maps it to a statically computed schedule that could be executed by standard time-triggered real-time operating systems. Important temporal properties of the physical environment of the real-time system needed for that transformation are stored in a system model provided as additional input to the RTSC. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability of our approach and the operation of our prototype by transforming an event-triggered control application into a time-triggered equivalent. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： real-time systems time-triggered systems event-triggered systems

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Mechanisms for a reliable cooperation of vehicles 6

Mechanisms for a reliable cooperation of vehicles

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6th ieee international symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering

作者： Nett, E Gergeleit, M Mock, M Otto Von Guericke Univ Distributed Syst Inst Magdeburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0769512755

the final objective of the described project is to develop and implement techniques for a reliable cooperation of autonomous mobile systems that can be used for future traffic management systems. the approach relies on the ability of the systems to communicate among themselves in order to make efficient use of available shared resources (e.g. road space). In the context of automotives this means that computer-based driving assistants not only support humans in handling their own vehicles but also in interacting with the individual vehicles in the neighborhood. the vision is an embedded, distributed traffic control system that is provided by the cooperation of the participating units, and thus is more robust and scalable than centralized approaches. Besides the 'obvious' requirements on high assurance computing in traffic control systems, the design and implementation of such systems require the ability of coordination while obeying the necessary real-time and safety constraints. this paper motivates the approach, presents an envisaged system architecture and sketches the design of the basic communication layers of this architecture that can fulfill the real-time and safety requirements. Finally, it introduces a lab-scale evaluation and demonstration scenario that proves the feasibility of the concepts.

关键词： Automotive engineering Computer architecture Computer vision Context Project management Remotely operated vehicles Roads Safety Traffic control Vehicle driving

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Proceedings - ieee international symposium on distributed Simulation and real-time Applications, DS-RT

Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Si...

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6th ieee international Workshop on distributed Simulation and real-time Applications, DS-RT 2002

ISBN: (纸本)0769518532

the proceedings contain 20 papers. the topics discussed include: a load management system for running HLA-based distributed simulations over the grid;PERFOSIM: a performance evaluation tool for HLA distributed simulations;bridging the HLA: problems and solutions;a next-generation internet federation object model for the HLA;automatic construction of hierarchical federations architecture;trade-offs in overhead vs. effectiveness of causality inconsistency tracking for preemptive rollback in optimistic simulation;performance evaluation of real time schedulers for a multicomputer;performance trade-off in distributed simulation;using a software architecture description language to model the architecture and run-time performance of a federate;and software design for implementation of the selectively reliable multicast protocol.

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"MatchMaker" - Synchronising objects in replicated software-architectures 6

"MatchMaker" - Synchronising objects in replicated software-...

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6th international Workshop on Groupware (CRIWG 2000)

作者： Tewissen, F Baloian, N Hoppe, U Reimberg, E Univ Duisburg Gesamthsch D-4100 Duisburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0769508286

In this paper, we present an approach and an existing implementation to support the object-wise synchronisation of general software entities. the software toolkit "MatchMaker" allows for synchronising already existing software applications by plugging in transparent event listener mechanisms that distribute information via a central server to other remote applications. Based on the original approach that has been presented in 1995, the current implementation of "MatchMaker" serves as the communication basis in real world applications of three computer-integrated classrooms in Europe. Current developments are oriented rewards the integration of promising technologies in the field of distributed computing. the main goal of "MatchMaker" is the provision of powerful yet easy applicable high-level API for synchronising distributed objects.

关键词： Application software Collaborative software Collaborative work Computer applications distributed computing Java Problem-solving Software libraries Software tools User interfaces

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