We believe it is possible to create the visual subsystem needed for the RoboCup 2050 challenge - a soccer match between humans and robots - within the next decade. In this position paper, we argue, that the basic tech...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789898111319
We believe it is possible to create the visual subsystem needed for the RoboCup 2050 challenge - a soccer match between humans and robots - within the next decade. In this position paper, we argue, that the basic techniques are available, but the main challenge will be to achieve the necessary robustness. We propose to address this challenge through the use of probabilistically modeled context, so for instance a visually indistinct circle is accepted as the ball, if it fits well withthe ball's motion model and vice versa. Our vision is accompanied by a sequence of (partially already conducted) experiments for its verification. In these experiments, a human soccer player carries a helmet with a camera and an inertial sensor and the vision system has to extract all information from that data, a humanoid robot would need to take the human's place.
In a study and research environment open control architectures are crucial for evaluating new control laws and for multisensor integration. Unfortunately, most commercial robot manufacturers do not provide open contro...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781617387197
In a study and research environment open control architectures are crucial for evaluating new control laws and for multisensor integration. Unfortunately, most commercial robot manufacturers do not provide open control architectures. In order to fill this gap, the Institut für Robotik und Prozessinformatik has a long tradition of building robot control systems. this paper gives a motivation for using open control architectures and introduces two architectures which had been developed at the institute in the last years. Apart from general architecture aspects, it focuses on synchronization approaches for distributed control systems and concrete implementation issues. Experimental results demonstrate the need for high control rates in teleoperation and force control applications.
this article describes the development of a methodology for the learning of visual and reactive behaviours using reinforcement learning. Withthe use of artificial vision the environment is perceived in 3D, and it is ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789728865832
this article describes the development of a methodology for the learning of visual and reactive behaviours using reinforcement learning. Withthe use of artificial vision the environment is perceived in 3D, and it is possible to avoid obstacles that are invisible to other sensors that are more common in mobile robotics. Reinforcement learning reduces the need for intervention in behaviour design, and simplifies its adjustment to the environment, the robot and the task. the designed methodology is intended to be general;thus, in order to change the desired behaviour, only the reinforcement and the filtering of the image need to be changed. For the definition of the reinforcement a laser sensor is used, and for the definition of the states a fixed 3x3 grid is used. the behaviours learned were wall following, object following, corridor following and platform following. Results are presented with a Pioneer 2 AT. A Gazebo 3D simulator was used for the Learning and testing phase, and a test of the wall following behaviour was carried out in a real environment.
Many people with disabilities find it difficult or even impossible to use traditional powered wheelchairs independently by manually controlling the devices. Intelligent wheelchairs are a very good solution to assist s...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789898111319
Many people with disabilities find it difficult or even impossible to use traditional powered wheelchairs independently by manually controlling the devices. Intelligent wheelchairs are a very good solution to assist severely handicapped people who are unable to operate classical electrical wheelchair by themselves in their daily activities. this paper describes a development platform for intelligent wheelchairs called IntellWheels. the intelligent system developed may be added to commercial powered wheelchairs with minimal modifications in a very straightforward manner. the paper describes the concept and design of the platform and also the intelligent wheelchair prototype developed to validate the approach. Preliminary results concerning automatic movement of the IntellWheels prototype are also presented.
this paper describes some simple but useful computer vision techniques for human-robot interaction. First, an omnidirectional camera setting is described that can detect people in the surroundings of the robot, giving...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789728865832
this paper describes some simple but useful computer vision techniques for human-robot interaction. First, an omnidirectional camera setting is described that can detect people in the surroundings of the robot, giving their angular positions and a rough estimate of the distance. the device can be easily built with inexpensive components. Second, we comment on a color-based face detection technique that can alleviate skin-color false positives. third, a person tracking and recognition system is described. Finally, a simple head nod and shake detector is described, suitable for detecting affirmative/negative, approval/disapproval, understanding/disbelief head gestures.
In this study, a new stabilization method by blending discrete mechanics and nonlinear optimization for 1-dimensional distributed parameter mechanical systems is developed. Discrete mechanics is a kind of numerical so...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789897581984
In this study, a new stabilization method by blending discrete mechanics and nonlinear optimization for 1-dimensional distributed parameter mechanical systems is developed. Discrete mechanics is a kind of numerical solutions for distributed parameter mechanical systems and it is known that it has some advantages in terms of numerical errors and preserving property of the original systems. First, for discrete Euler-Lagrange equations withcontrol inputs, we formulate a nonlinear optimal control problem with constraints by setting an objective function, and initial and boundary conditions. then, it is shown that the problem is represented as a finite-dimensional nonlinear optimal problem with constraints and it can be solved by the sequential quadratic programming method. After that, a vibration suppression control problem for a string is dealt with as a physical example. As a result, it can be confirmed that vibration of the string is suppressed and the whole of the system is stabilized by the proposed new method.
this paper proposes a method for dynamically varying the gains of a mobile robot controller that takes into account, not only errors to the reference trajectory but also the uncertainty in the localisation. To do this...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789897583803
this paper proposes a method for dynamically varying the gains of a mobile robot controller that takes into account, not only errors to the reference trajectory but also the uncertainty in the localisation. To do this, the covariance matrix of a state observer is used to indicate the precision of the perception. CMA-ES, an evolutionary algorithm is used to train a neural network that is capable of adapting the robot's behaviour in real-time. Using a car-like vehicle model in simulation. Promising results show significant trajectory following performances improvements thanks to control gains fluctuations by using this new method. Simulations demonstrate the capability of the system to controlthe robot in complex environments, in which classical static controllers could not guarantee a stable behaviour.
In this work the application of six-axis robots for robot-based industrial X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging is investigated. In contrast to classical Cartesian manipulators with a turntable used in industrial co...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789897583803
In this work the application of six-axis robots for robot-based industrial X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging is investigated. In contrast to classical Cartesian manipulators with a turntable used in industrial cone-beam CT, robots offer increased flexibility regarding scanning trajectories. the increased flexibility with respect to scanning trajectories helps to gather highly informative content from alternative ray paths for a high-quality 3D reconstruction of the object to be scanned. Using numerical simulations we show that this additional informations increase the image quality of a CT scan of a multi-material measuring object, consisting of tantalum spheres and a carbon structure.
A central requirement for the development of robotic systems, that are capable of autonomous operation in non-specific environments, is the ability to create maps of their operating locale. the creation of these maps ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789728865832
A central requirement for the development of robotic systems, that are capable of autonomous operation in non-specific environments, is the ability to create maps of their operating locale. the creation of these maps is a non trivial process as the robot has to interpret the findings of its sensors so as to make deductions regarding the state of its environment. Current approaches fall into two broad categories: on-line and offline. An on-line approach is characterised by its ability to construct a map as the robot traverses its operating environment, however this comes at the cost of representational clarity. An offline approach on the other hand requires all sensory data to be gathered before processing begins but is capable of creating more accurate maps. In this paper we present a new means of constructing occupancy grid maps which addresses this problem.
One of the important basic objectives of the 6th IACS WS'21 is to contribute to Sustainability achieved by standardization that is based on new I4.0 technologies such as Smart Manufacturing, Digital Twin, AI-based...
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