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An Object Detection Framework for Span Extraction in Question Answering

An Object Detection Framework for Span Extraction in Questio...

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IEEE International conference on Network Infrastructure and Digital Content (IC-NIDC)

作者： Tianyu Zhou Ping Gong School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665405836

Machine Reading Comprehension(MRC), including a series of tasks that test the ability of models to understand natural language, has received quite a few attention in Natural Language Processing(NLP). Most existing works deal with MRC tasks by exploiting the expression capability of neural networks. Some of them have achieved impressive performance. Despite the rapid iteration of the models used, few work have focused on output layer and prediction method of answer span - also known as span extraction. In this paper, we focus on span extraction in the Question Answering(QA) task. A cross-sectional comparison of widely used span extraction methods is presented, with their strengths and weaknesses noted in detail. Furthermore, inspired by Faster R-CNN, we propose a brand new span extraction method. Experiment results show that our proposed method outperforms existing span extraction methods on both English and chinese MRC tasks.

关键词： computer vision Neural networks Object detection Predictive models Knowledge discovery Transformers Natural language processing

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Visual Compositional Learning for Human-Object Interaction Detection 16th

Visual Compositional Learning for Human-Object Interaction D...

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16th European conference on computer vision, ECCV 2020

作者： Hou, Zhi Peng, Xiaojiang Qiao, Yu Tao, Dacheng UBTECH Sydney AI Centre School of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering The University of Sydney DarlingtonNSW2008 Australia Shenzhen Key Lab of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030585549

Human-Object interaction (HOI) detection aims to localize and infer relationships between human and objects in an image. It is challenging because an enormous number of possible combinations of objects and verbs types forms a long-tail distribution. We devise a deep Visual Compositional Learning (VCL) framework, which is a simple yet efficient framework to effectively address this problem. VCL first decomposes an HOI representation into object and verb specific features, and then composes new interaction samples in the feature space via stitching the decomposed features. the integration of decomposition and composition enables VCL to share object and verb features among different HOI samples and images, and to generate new interaction samples and new types of HOI, and thus largely alleviates the long-tail distribution problem and benefits low-shot or zero-shot HOI detection. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed VCL can effectively improve the generalization of HOI detection on HICO-DET and V-COCO and outperforms the recent state-of-the-art methods on HICO-DET. Code is available at https://***/zhihou7/VCL. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Object detection

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Towards Low-Bit Quantization of Deep Neural Networks with Limited Data

Towards Low-Bit Quantization of Deep Neural Networks with Li...

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International conference on pattern recognition

作者： Yong Yuan Chen Chen Xiyuan Hu Silong Peng University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China Beijing Visystem Co. Ltd

ISBN: (纸本)9781728188089;9781728188096

Recent machine learning methods use increasingly large deep neural networks to achieve state-of-the-art results in various tasks. Network quantization can effectively reduce computation and memory costs without modifying network structures, facilitating the deployment of deep neural networks (DNNs) on cloud and edge devices. However, most of the existing methods usually need time-consuming training or fine-tuning and access to the original training dataset that may be unavailable due to privacy or security concerns. In this paper, we present a novel method to achieve low-precision quantization with limited data. Firstly, to reduce the complexity of per-channel quantization and degeneration of per-layer quantization, we introduce group quantization that separates the output channels into groups and processes each group independently. Secondly, to better distill knowledge from the pre-trained FP32 model with limited data, we introduce a two-stage knowledge distillation method that divides the optimization process into blockwise optimization and joint optimization to address the limitation of layer-wise supervision and global supervision. Extensive experiments on ImageNet2012 (ResNet18/50, ShuffleNetV2, and MobileNetV2) demonstrate that the proposed approach can significantly improve the quantization model's accuracy when only a few training samples are available. We further show that the method also extends to other computer vision architectures and tasks such as object detection.

关键词： Training Quantization (signal) Sensitivity Neural networks Object detection Data models Complexity theory

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Attention-Driven Dynamic Graph Convolutional Network for Multi-label Image recognition 16th

Attention-Driven Dynamic Graph Convolutional Network for Mul...

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16th European conference on computer vision, ECCV 2020

作者： Ye, Jin He, Junjun Peng, Xiaojiang Wu, Wenhao Qiao, Yu ShenZhen Key Lab of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China School of Biomedical Engineering the Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030585884

Recent studies often exploit Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) to model label dependencies to improve recognition accuracy for multi-label image recognition. However, constructing a graph by counting the label co-occurrence possibilities of the training data may degrade model generalizability, especially when there exist occasional co-occurrence objects in test images. Our goal is to eliminate such bias and enhance the robustness of the learnt features. To this end, we propose an Attention-Driven Dynamic Graph Convolutional Network (ADD-GCN) to dynamically generate a specific graph for each image. ADD-GCN adopts a Dynamic Graph Convolutional Network (D-GCN) to model the relation of content-aware category representations that are generated by a Semantic Attention Module (SAM). Extensive experiments on public multi-label benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, which achieves mAPs of 85.2%, 96.0%, and 95.5% on MS-COCO, VOC2007, and VOC2012, respectively, and outperforms current state-of-the-art methods with a clear margin. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Semantics

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RBF-Softmax: Learning Deep Representative Prototypes with Radial Basis Function Softmax 1

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16th European conference on computer vision, ECCV 2020

作者： Zhang, Xiao Zhao, Rui Qiao, Yu Li, Hongsheng CUHK-SenseTime Joint Lab The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SenseTime Research Hong Kong ShenZhen Key Lab of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition SIAT-SenseTime Joint Lab Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China

ISBN: (数字)9783030585747

ISBN: (纸本)9783030585730

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable successes in learning feature representations for visual classification. However, deep features learned by the softmax cross-entropy loss generally show excessive intra-class variations. We argue that, because the traditional softmax losses aim to optimize only the relative differences between intra-class and inter-class distances (logits), it cannot obtain representative class prototypes (class weights/centers) to regularize intra-class distances, even when the training is converged. Previous efforts mitigate this problem by introducing auxiliary regularization losses. But these modified losses mainly focus on optimizing intra-class compactness, while ignoring keeping reasonable relations between different class prototypes. these lead to weak models and eventually limit their performance. To address this problem, this paper introduces a novel Radial Basis Function (RBF) distances to replace the commonly used inner products in the softmax loss function, such that it can adaptively assign losses to regularize the intra-class and inter-class distances by reshaping the relative differences, and thus creating more representative prototypes of classes to improve optimization. the proposed RBF-Softmax loss function not only effectively reduces intra-class distances, stabilizes the training behavior, and reserves ideal relations between prototypes, but also significantly improves the testing performance. Experiments on visual recognition benchmarks including MNIST, CIFAR-10/100, and ImageNet demonstrate that the proposed RBF-Softmax achieves better results than cross-entropy and other state-of-the-art classification losses. the code is at https://***/2han9x1a0release/RBF-Softmax. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Decoupling GCN with DropGraph Module for Skeleton-Based Action recognition 16th

Decoupling GCN with DropGraph Module for Skeleton-Based Acti...

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16th European conference on computer vision, ECCV 2020

作者： Cheng, Ke Zhang, Yifan Cao, Congqi Shi, Lei Cheng, Jian Lu, Hanqing NLPR & AIRIA Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Beijing China School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030585853

In skeleton-based action recognition, graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have achieved remarkable success. Nevertheless, how to efficiently model the spatial-temporal skeleton graph without introducing extra computation burden is a challenging problem for industrial deployment. In this paper, we rethink the spatial aggregation in existing GCN-based skeleton action recognition methods and discover that they are limited by coupling aggregation mechanism. Inspired by the decoupling aggregation mechanism in CNNs, we propose decoupling GCN to boost the graph modeling ability with no extra computation, no extra latency, no extra GPU memory cost, and less than 10% extra parameters. Another prevalent problem of GCNs is over-fitting. Although dropout is a widely used regularization technique, it is not effective for GCNs, due to the fact that activation units are correlated between neighbor nodes. We propose DropGraph to discard features in correlated nodes, which is particularly effective on GCNs. Moreover, we introduce an attention-guided drop mechanism to enhance the regularization effect. All our contributions introduce zero extra computation burden at deployment. We conduct experiments on three datasets (NTU-RGBD, NTU-RGBD-120, and Northwestern-UCLA) and exceed the state-of-the-art performance with less computation cost. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Musculoskeletal system

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Continuous Motion Numeral recognition Using RNN Architecture in Air-Writing Environment 5th

Continuous Motion Numeral Recognition Using RNN Architecture...

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5th Asian conference on pattern recognition, ACPR 2019

作者： Rahman, Adil Roy, Prasun Pal, Umapada Department of Information Technology Heritage Institute of Technology Kolkata India Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India

ISBN: (纸本)9783030414030

Air-writing, defined as character tracing in a three dimensional free space through hand gestures, is the way forward for peripheral-independent, virtual interaction with devices. While single unistroke character recognition is fairly simple, continuous writing recognition becomes challenging owing to absence of delimiters between characters. Moreover, stray hand motion while writing adds noise to the input, making accurate recognition difficult. the key to accurate recognition of air-written characters lies in noise elimination and character segmentation from continuous writing. We propose a robust and hardware-independent framework for multi-digit unistroke numeral recognition in air-writing environment. We present a sliding window based method which isolates a small segment of the spatio-temporal input from the air-writing activity for noise removal and digit segmentation. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) show great promise in dealing with temporal data and is the basis of our architecture. recognition of digits which have other digits as their sub-shapes is challenging. Capitalizing on how digits are commonly written, we propose a novel priority scheme to determine digit precedence. We only use sequential coordinates as input, which can be obtained from any generic camera, making our system widely accessible. Our experiments were conducted on English numerals using a combination of MNIST and Pendigits datasets along with our own air-written English numerals dataset (ISI-Air Dataset). Additionally, we have created a noise dataset to classify noise. We observe a drop in accuracy with increase in the number of digits written in a single continuous motion because of noise generated between digit transitions. However, under standard conditions, our system produced an accuracy of 98.45% and 82.89% for single and multiple digit English numerals, respectively. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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Enhanced Quadratic Video Interpolation 16th

Enhanced Quadratic Video Interpolation

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Workshops held at the 16th European conference on computer vision, ECCV 2020

作者： Liu, Yihao Xie, Liangbin Siyao, Li Sun, Wenxiu Qiao, Yu Dong, Chao ShenZhen Key Lab of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition SIAT-SenseTime Joint Lab Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China SenseTime Research Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030668228

With the prosperity of digital video industry, video frame interpolation has arisen continuous attention in computer vision community and become a new upsurge in industry. Many learning-based methods have been proposed and achieved progressive results. Among them, a recent algorithm named quadratic video interpolation (QVI) achieves appealing performance. It exploits higher-order motion information (e.g. acceleration) and successfully models the estimation of interpolated flow. However, its produced intermediate frames still contain some unsatisfactory ghosting, artifacts and inaccurate motion, especially when large and complex motion occurs. In this work, we further improve the performance of QVI from three facets and propose an enhanced quadratic video interpolation (EQVI) model. In particular, we adopt a rectified quadratic flow prediction (RQFP) formulation with least squares method to estimate the motion more accurately. Complementary with image pixel-level blending, we introduce a residual contextual synthesis network (RCSN) to employ contextual information in high-dimensional feature space, which could help the model handle more complicated scenes and motion patterns. Moreover, to further boost the performance, we devise a novel multi-scale fusion network (MS-Fusion) which can be regarded as a learnable augmentation process. the proposed EQVI model won the first place in the AIM2020 Video Temporal Super-Resolution Challenge. Codes are available at https://***/lyh-18/EQVI. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： computer graphics

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Towards Causal Explanation Detection with Pyramid Salient-Aware Network 19

Towards Causal Explanation Detection with Pyramid Salient-Aw...

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19th China National conference on Computational Linguistics, CCL 2020

作者： Zuo, Xinyu Chen, Yubo Liu, Kang Zhao, Jun National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030630300

Causal explanation analysis (CEA) can assist us to understand the reasons behind daily events, which has been found very helpful for understanding the coherence of messages. In this paper, we focus on Causal Explanation Detection, an important subtask of causal explanation analysis, which determines whether a causal explanation exists in one message. We design a Pyramid Salient-Aware Network (PSAN) to detect causal explanations on messages. PSAN can assist in causal explanation detection via capturing the salient semantics of discourses contained in their keywords with a bottom graph-based word-level salient network. Furthermore, PSAN can modify the dominance of discourses via a top attention-based discourse-level salient network to enhance explanatory semantics of messages. the experiments on the commonly used dataset of CEA shows that the PSAN outperforms the state-of-the-art method by 1.8% F1 value on the Causal Explanation Detection task. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Semantics

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EfficientFCN: Holistically-Guided Decoding for Semantic Segmentation 1

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16th European conference on computer vision, ECCV 2020

作者： Liu, Jianbo He, Junjun Zhang, Jiawei Ren, Jimmy S. Li, Hongsheng CUHK-SenseTime Joint Laboratory The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Lab of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China SenseTime Research Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9783030585747

ISBN: (纸本)9783030585730

Both performance and efficiency are important to semantic segmentation. State-of-the-art semantic segmentation algorithms are mostly based on dilated Fully Convolutional Networks (dilatedFCN), which adopt dilated convolutions in the backbone networks to extract high-resolution feature maps for achieving high-performance segmentation performance. However, due to many convolution operations are conducted on the high-resolution feature maps, such dilatedFCN-based methods result in large computational complexity and memory consumption. To balance the performance and efficiency, there also exist encoder-decoder structures that gradually recover the spatial information by combining multi-level feature maps from the encoder. However, the performances of existing encoder-decoder methods are far from comparable with the dilatedFCN-based methods. In this paper, we propose the EfficientFCN, whose backbone is a common ImageNet pretrained network without any dilated convolution. A holistically-guided decoder is introduced to obtain the high-resolution semantic-rich feature maps via the multi-scale features from the encoder. the decoding task is converted to novel codebook generation and codeword assembly task, which takes advantages of the high-level and low-level features from the encoder. Such a framework achieves comparable or even better performance than state-of-the-art methods with only 1/3 of the computational cost. Extensive experiments on PASCAL Context, PASCAL VOC, ADE20K validate the effectiveness of the proposed EfficientFCN. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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