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A lazy algorithm for distributed priority assignment in real-time systems

A lazy algorithm for distributed priority assignment in real...

2011 14th ieee international symposium on object/Component/Service-oriented real-time distributed computing Workshops, ISORCW 2011

作者： Neukirchner, Moritz Stein, Steffen Ernst, Rolf Institut für Datentechnik und Kommunikationsnetze Technische Universität Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543772

Integration of system components is a crucial challenge in the design of embedded real-time systems, as complex non-functional interdependencies may exist. [20] presented a framework, enabling autonomous verification of timing properties in the system itself. the work presented in this paper, takes that approach one step further, enabling autonomuous assignment of execution priorities under timing constraints. We present a distributed heuristic algorithm for the constraint statisfaction problem (CSP) of finding feasible priority assignments in static priority preemptive (SPP) scheduled hard real-time systems. the proposed heuristic considers end-to-end path latency constraints in arbitrary task graphs mapped on arbitrary platform graphs. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： real time systems

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A generative middleware specialization process for distributed real-time and embedded systems

A generative middleware specialization process for distribut...

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ieee international symposium on object, Component, Service-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Dabholkar, Akshay Gokhale, Aniruddha Dept. of EECS Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543680

General-purpose middleware must often be specialized for resource-constrained, real-time and embedded systems to improve their response-times, reliability, memory footprint, and even power consumption. Software engineering techniques, such as aspect-oriented programming (AOP), feature-oriented programming (FOP), and reflection make the specialization task simpler, albeit still requiring the system developer to manually identify the system invariants, and sources of performance and memory footprint bottlenecks that determine the required specializations. Specialization reuse is also hampered due to a lack of common taxonomy to document the recurring specializations. this paper presents the GeMS (Generative Middleware Specialization) framework to address these challenges. We present results of applying GeMS to a distributed real-time and Embedded (DRE) system case study that depict a 21-35% reduction in footprint, and a 36% improvement in performance while simultaneously alleviating 97% of the developer efforts in specializing middleware. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： Middleware

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Non-functional information transmission patterns for distributed real-time Java

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SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2011年第12期41卷 1409-1435页

作者： Basanta-Val, P. Garcia-Valls, M. Estevez-Ayres, I. Univ Carlos III Madrid DREQUIEM Lab Madrid Spain

Many real-time systems use preemptive priority-based scheduling in their internals to guarantee certain real-time performance. this includes technologies that range from the real-time Specification for Java (RTSJ) to middleware like real-time Common object Request Broker Architecture (RT-CORBA), which offers additional models and policies that blend client and server information. this decision eases the integration of real-time admission tests and dispatching policies in these types of infrastructures. In this paper, we analyze different trade-offs that emerge from the definition of different propagation models for distributed real-time Java. the paper covers technological integration aspects as impact on interfaces and other practical issues mainly related to the performance that this model offers to a real-time application and non-functional overhead. the contribution described in the paper may help in the development of the distributed Specification for Java (DRTSJ). Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： RTSJ DRSTJ RT-JRMP RT-RMI

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Formal Support for Cyber Physical System Specification Using Aspect-oriented Approach

Formal Support for Cyber Physical System Specification Using...

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10th international symposium on distributed computing and Applications to Business, Engineering and Science (DCABES)

作者： Zhang, Lichen Guangdong Univ Technol Fac Comp Sci & Technol Guangzhou 510090 Guangdong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769544151

Cyber-physical systems pose considerable technical challenges, ranging from the distributed programming paradigms to networking protocols with timeliness as a structuring concern, including systems theory that combines physical concerns and computational concerns Cyber Physical systems is deemed correct in case it abides to the functional correctness as well as a set of quantitative characteristics Formal specification techniques for such systems have to be able to describe all these concerns. Unfortunately, a single specification technique that is well suited for all these concerns s is yet not available. Instead one finds various specialized techniques that are very good at describing individual concerns of cyber-physical system. this observation has led to research into the combination and semantic integration of specification techniques. this paper proposes an approach for specifying real time cyber physical systems based on aspect-oriented formal specification, which exploits the diversity and power of existing formal specification languages. We provide an aspect-oriented specification approach based on the combination of object-Z and time-CSP. We increase separation variable in the basic elements and crosscutting concerns to achieve formalization of aspect-oriented characteristics. this aspect oriented formal specification method simplifies the requirement analysis process of real time cyber physical systems. Two case studies illustrate the specification process of aspect-oriented formal specification for real time cyber physical systems.

关键词： Aspect-oriented real time Cyber Physical Systems Formal Method object-Z timed-CSP

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Virtual software execution environments for distributed embedded control systems

Virtual software execution environments for distributed embe...

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2011 14th ieee international symposium on object/Component/Service-oriented real-time distributed computing Workshops, ISORCW 2011

作者： Nakamoto, Yukikazu Yabuuchi, Kenji Osaki, Tatsunori Graduate School of Applied Informatics University of Hyogo Japan OCTOPATH Corporation Japan Fujitsu Ten Limited Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543772

the size and complexity of large-scale distributed embedded systems such as automotive and process controls have increased recently. Sophisticated systems that are safe and environmentally friendly require numerous types of sensor data, which are collected from various devices and sent to computers through networks. To develop such large-scale distributed embedded systems with high dependability and productivity, we have developed a virtual execution environment platform. this platform integrates numerous CPU simulators and various device simulators through the network and provides network-wide simulation functionalities. In this paper, we describe a fast CPU simulator and controlled object simulation for testing control software in a virtual software execution environment. the virtual environment integrates a CPU simulator and a controlled object simulator in order to test functional behaviors of embedded control software. the environment enables the developer to test control software at the same execution rate as a real system without the source codes. this is very helpful because in this industry, not all of the source codes are provided. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： Simulators

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Optimization of time-partitions for mixed-criticality real-time distributed embedded systems

Optimization of time-partitions for mixed-criticality real-t...

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2011 14th ieee international symposium on object/Component/Service-oriented real-time distributed computing Workshops, ISORCW 2011

作者： TǍmaş-Selicean, Domiţian Pop, Paul DTU Informatics Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543772

In this paper we are interested in mixed-criticality embedded real-time applications mapped on distributed heterogeneous architectures. the architecture provides both spatial and temporal partitioning, thus enforcing enough separation for the critical applications. With temporal partitioning, each application is allowed to run only within predefined time slots, allocated on each processor. the sequence of time slots for all the applications on a processor are grouped within a Major Frame, which is repeated periodically. We assume that the safety-critical applications (on all criticality levels) are scheduled using static-cyclic scheduling and the non-critical applications are scheduled using fixed-priority preemptive scheduling. We consider that each application runs in a separate partition, and each partition is allocated several time slots on the processors where the application is mapped. We are interested to determine the sequence and size of the time slots within the Major Frame on each processor such that both the safety-critical and non-critical applications are schedulable. We have proposed a Simulated Annealing-based approach to solve this optimization problem. the proposed algorithm has been evaluated using several synthetic and real-life benchmarks. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： real time systems

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Escaping the bonds of the legacy: Step-wise migration to a type-safe language in safety-critical embedded systems

Escaping the bonds of the legacy: Step-wise migration to a t...

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ieee international symposium on object, Component, Service-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Stilkerich, Michael Schedel, Jens Ulbrich, Peter Schroder-Preikschat, Wolfgang Lohmann, Daniel Department of Computer Science 4 - Distributed Systems and Operating Systems Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543680

Type-safe high-level languages such as Java have not yet found their way into the domain of deeply embedded systems, even though numerous attempts have been made to make these languages cost attractive. One major challenge that remains is the huge existing code base in many industries. Completely reengineering this code base is not viable for cost and time reasons. We present an approach that allows to isolatedly combine legacy software components and safe software components in an embedded system using the two most common communication idioms found in this domain. Our approach allows the developer to freely choose between hardware- and software-based isolation mechanisms. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by porting a non-trivial part of a real-world, hard real-time embedded avionics application. Our results show that the cost of this mixed-mode operation is on the same scale as the pure operation. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： Embedded systems

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Non-functional information transmission patterns for distributed real-time Java

Non-functional information transmission patterns for distrib...

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13th ieee international symposium on object/Component/Service-oriented real-time distributed computing (ISORC)

作者： Basanta-Val, P. Garcia-Valls, M. Estevez-Ayres, I. Univ Carlos III Madrid DREQUIEM Lab Madrid Spain

关键词： RTSJ DRSTJ RT-JRMP RT-RMI

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Generating valid interface definition language from succinct models

Generating valid interface definition language from succinct...

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ieee international symposium on object, Component, Service-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Owens II, Harold Hill, James H. Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Dept. of Computer and Information Science Indianapolis IN United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543680

Source code generation from models (e.g., domain specific models) for distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems is intended to alleviate tedious, error-prone, and time consume tasks associated with manually hand-crafting the same code. When generating code from models for DRE system programming languages that accidentally support circular dependencies, e.g., the Interface Definition Language (IDL) and C++, it is necessary to resolve circular dependencies in order to generate valid and usable code. Moreover, it is important to do some automatically instead of requiring modelers to construct models that do not contain any circular dependencies, which is hard. this paper provides two contributions to research on source code generation from models for DRE systems. First, it presents A-Circle, an algorithm that automatically removes circular dependencies when generating source code from models for programming languages that inherently enable circular dependencies. Secondly, this paper quantitatively evaluates A-Circle when generating CORBA IDL files. the results show that A Circle algorithm is able to generate IDL files in linear-time. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： Common object request broker architecture (CORBA)

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A software-pipelined approach to multicore execution of timing predictable multi-threaded hard real-time tasks

A software-pipelined approach to multicore execution of timi...

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ieee international symposium on object, Component, Service-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Paolieri, Marco Quiñones, Eduardo Cazorla, Francisco J. Wolf, Julian Ungerer, theo Uhrig, Sascha Petrov, Zlatko Spain Spain Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya Spain University of Augsburg Germany Technical University Dortmund Germany Honeywell International s.r.o. Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543680

Multicore processors can deliver higher performance than single-core processors by exploiting thread level parallelism (TLP): applications are split into independent threads, each of which is mapped into a different core, reducing the execution time and potentially its worst-case execution time (WCET). Unfortunately, inter-thread interferences generated by simultaneous accesses to shared resources from different threads may completely destroy the performance benefits brought by TLP. this paper proposes a software/hardware cache partitioning approach that reduces the inter-thread memory interferences generated in hard real-time software-pipelined parallel applications. Our results show that our approach effectively reduces memory interferences, while still guaranteeing a predictable timing behaviour, achieving a WCET estimation reduction of 28% for a software pipelined version of the LU decomposition application with respect to the single-threaded version. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： Application programs

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