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ieee international symposium on object/Component/Service-oriented real-time distributed computing Workshops (ISORCW)

作者： Dalimir Orfanus Peter Janacik Flávio Rech Wagner ABB Corporate Research Center Oslo Norway Heinz Nixdorf Institute University of Paderborn Paderborn Germany Institute of Informatics Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil

Massively distributed Embedded Systems (MDES) such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are gaining increasing attention, since they enable a broad range of novel applications starting from monitoring oceans to exploring distant planets. WSNs consist of hundreds of nodes that have typically very limited recourses (computational, memory, energy, etc.) and are deployed in a dynamic environment, where they have to continuously adapt to new conditions. Due to the small-size requirement of the nodes, they are highly resource-constrained. Because of that, the amount of functionality that may be present in each node is limited. therefore, cooperation between nodes is needed in order to accomplish complex tasks. these facts turn the design of applications for WSNs into a challenge. A promising approach how to deal with it is to use the emergent self-organization metaphor. In this paper a new process algebra (PA) called "Locality-aware extension of π-Calculus" is presented. the algebra is one of several techniques included in a new design methodology for the design of self-organizing behavior in MDES. the method is based on π-Calculus and allows a highlevel description of interactions among processes. As the most important characteristic of self-organization is the restriction of interactions to neighboring elements (localized interactions), we extend the π-Calculus with locality awareness, a necessary abstraction to allow the modeling of self-organization in MDES. To get full locality awareness in π-Calculus, we extended it with concepts for modeling spatiality, probability and time. Moreover, new types of channels are included to cover various types of communication such as distribution, broadcast and aggregation. In order to validate this new PA, we successfully model a self-organizing clustering algorithm for WSNs.

关键词： Embedded system Wireless sensor networks Algebra Design methodology Process design Oceans Libraries real time systems distributed computing Conferences

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Early Modeling of Linux-Based RTOS Platforms in a SystemC time-Approximate Co-simulation Environment

Early Modeling of Linux-Based RTOS Platforms in a SystemC Ti...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Hector Posadas Eugenio Villar Dominique Ragot Marcos Martinez Microelectronic Engineering GroupTEISA University of Cantabria Santander Spain Thales Communications Paris France DS2 Design of System on Silicon (DS2) Valencia Spain

the increase of computational power in embedded systems has allowed integrating together hard real-time tasks and rich applications. Complex SW infrastructures containing both RTOS and GPOS are required to handle this complexity. To optimally map system functionality to the hard-RT SW domain, to the general purpose SW domain or to HW peripherals, early performance evaluations at the first steps of the design process are required. Approximate timed co-simulation has been proposed as a fast solution for system modeling at early design steps. this co-simulation technique allows simulating systems at speed close to functional execution, while considering timing effects. As a consequence, system performance estimations can be obtained early, allowing efficient design space exploration and system refinement. To achieve fast simulation speed, the SW code is pre-annotated with time information. the annotated code is then natively executed, performing what is called native-based co-simulation. Previous native-based simulation environments are not prepared to model multi-OS systems, so the performance evaluation of the different SW domains is not possible. this paper proposes a new embedded system modeling solution considering dual RTOS/GPOS systems. A real Linux-based infrastructure has been modeled an integrated into a state-of-the-art co-simulation environment. the resulting solution is capable of modeling and evaluating all HW and SW system components providing the designer with valuable information for early system optimization and design space exploration.

关键词： real time systems Embedded system Linux Operating systems distributed computing Process design Timing System performance Space exploration Power system reliability

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Communication Primitives for real-time distributed Synchronization over Small Area Networks

Communication Primitives for Real-Time Distributed Synchroni...

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ieee international symposium on object/Component/Service-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Lee, Sang-Hun Jin, Hyun-Wook Konkuk Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Seoul 143701 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9780769535739

Many emerging embedded systems consist of multiple embedded nodes, which are connected through an internal small area network. In such systems, the synchronization between the embedded nodes is essential to provide real-time cooperation environment. On small area networks, the severe obstacle for achieving real-time synchronization is the unpredictable overhead of the system software running on the embedded nodes. this is true especially if a traditional operating system has been installed. Despite of these drawbacks, it is quite common to run traditional operating systems on some of the embedded nodes to utilize various existing applications. In this paper, we propose a novel design of communication primitives called RTDiP-Sync for real-time distributed synchronization over small area networks. Experiment results show that the suggested design can minimize the communication overhead and provide better overhead prediction.

关键词： Synchronization

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Component Based Middleware-Synthesis for AUTOSAR Basic Software

Component Based Middleware-Synthesis for AUTOSAR Basic Softw...

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ieee international symposium on object/Component/Service-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Schreiner, Dietmar Schordan, Markus Goeschka, Karl M. Vienna Univ Technol Compilers & Languages Grp A-1040 Vienna Austria Vienna Univ Technol Distributed Syst Grp A-1040 Vienna Austria Univ Appl Sci Tech Vienna Inst Comp Sci Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9780769535739

distributed real-time automotive embedded systems have to be highly dependable as well as cost-efficient due to the large number of manufactured units. To close the gap between raising complexity and cutting costs, upcoming software standards like AUTOSAR introduce a clear separation of concerns into their system architecture. An AUTOSAR application is built from components that deal with business logic only whereas infrastructural services are provided by standardized middleware. Unfortunately, this middleware tends to be heavy-weight due to its coarse-grained layered design. By applying a component based design to AUTOSAR's middleware, a custom-tailored version for each specific application and system node can be built to overcome this problem. this paper demonstrates how to automatically synthesize component based middleware via the Connector Transformation: Component connectors in platform independent application models are utilized to automatically assemble platform- and application specific middleware. As a result, AUTOSAR middleware becomes custom-tailored and hence light-weight and flexible. In addition, the described synthesis algorithm is capable of incorporating timing annotations via interface contracts at model level, and thus reflects upcoming ambitions to cover real-time constraints at middleware level within AUTOSAR. To prove our approach we successfully synthesized middleware for a demonstrator application and compared it to its conventional counterpart.

关键词： Middleware

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Intelligent Resource Management and Dynamic Adaptation in a distributed real-time and Embedded Sensor Web System

Intelligent Resource Management and Dynamic Adaptation in a ...

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ieee international symposium on object/Component/Service-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Kinnebrew, John S. Otte, William R. Shankaran, Nishanth Biswas, Gautam Schmidt, Douglas C. Vanderbilt Univ Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Nashville TN 37203 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769535739

Sensor webs are often composed of servers connected to distributed real-time embedded (DRE) systems that operate in open environments where operating conditions, workload, resource availability, and connectivity cannot be accurately characterized a priori. the South East Alaska MOnitoring Network for Science, Telecommunications, Education, and Research (SEAMONSTER) project exhibits many common system management and dynamic operation challenges for effective, autonomous system adaptation in a representative sensor web. these challenges cover both field operation (e.g., power management through system sleep/wake cycles and reaction to local environmental changes) and server operation (e.g., system adaptation for new/modified goals, resource allocation for a changing set of applications, and configuration changes for fluctuating workload). this paper presents the results of integrating and applying quality-of-service (QoS)-enabled component middle-ware, dynamic resource management, and autonomous agent technologies to address these challenges in SEAMONSTER.

关键词： Resource allocation

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A Document centric Framework for Building distributed Smart object Systems

A Document centric Framework for Building Distributed Smart ...

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ieee international symposium on object/Component/Service-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Kawsar, Fahim Nakajima, Tatsuo Waseda Univ Dept Comp Sci Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780769535739

We present an architectural framework that provides the foundation for building smart object systems and uses a document centric approach utilizing a profile based artefact framework and a task based application framework. Our artefact framework represents an instrumented physical smart objects as a collection of service profiles and expresses these services in generic documents. Applications for smart objects are expressed as a collection of functional tasks (independent of the implementation.) in a corresponding document. A runtime component provides the foundation for mapping these tasks to the corresponding service provider smart objects. there are three primary advantages of our approach- firstly, it allows developers to write applications in a generic way without prior knowledge of the smart objects that could be used by the applications. Secondly;smart object management (locating/accessing/etc.) issues are completely handled by the infrastructure thus application development becomes rapid and simple. Finally;the programming abstraction used in the framework allows extension of functionalities of smart objects and applications very easily. We describe an. implemented prototype of our framework and show examples of its use in a real life scenario to illustrate its feasibility.

关键词： Computer programming

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realization of Fault-Tolerant Home Network Management Middleware with the TMO Structuring Approach and an Integration of Fault Detection and Reconfiguration Mechanisms

Realization of Fault-Tolerant Home Network Management Middle...

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ieee international symposium on object/Component/Service-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Kim, K. H. (Kane) Zhou, Qian Qian, Jing Moon, Kyung-Deok Park, Jun Hee Son, Young-Sung Lee, Chang-Eun Ku, Tai-Yeon Univ Calif Irvine Dept EECS Irvine CA 92697 USA Elect & Telecom Res Inst Daejeon South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9780769535739

A middleware model named ROAFTS (real-time object-oriented Adaptive Fault Tolerance Support) has been evolving in the UCI DREAM Lab. over the past decade as the core of a reliable execution engine model for fault-tolerant (FT) real-time (RT) distributed computing (DC) applications. It is meant to be an integration of various mechanisms for fault detection and recovery in a form that meshes well with high-level RT DC object/component-based programming, in particular, TMO (time-triggered Message-triggered object) programming. Using ROAFTS as a backbone and low-layer middleware, we developed a model and a skeleton implementation for FT DC middleware providing efficient FT execution services for component-based home network applications. Capabilities for management of home information processing devices, including health monitoring of home devices, reconfiguration of device connections, and servicing queries on device status, were added to ROAFTS. those additions were first designed as a network of high-level RT DC components, i.e., TMOs. then the TMO network was extended into an FT TMO network by applying the replication scheme called the PSTR (Primary-Shadow TMO Replication) scheme and incorporating a component responsible for reconfiguring TMO replicas. this extension of ROAFTS is called ROAFTS-HNE (Home Network Extension) and its architecture is presented here. In addition, during the development of the ROAFTS-HNE model, we formulated a new approach for applying the PSTR scheme to RT DC components supported by ROAFTS. Finally, evaluations of the recovery times of a prototype implementation have been conducted.

关键词： home network fault tolerance fault detection object replication ROAFTS PSTR template reconfiguration TMO real-time TNCM SNS RMP RSMPSM UMB

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Remote real-time Trajectory Simplification

Remote Real-Time Trajectory Simplification

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7th ieee international Conference on Pervasive computing and Communications

作者： Lange, Ralph Farrell, Tobias Duerr, Frank Rothermel, Kurt Univ Stuttgart Inst Parallel & Distributed Syst D-7000 Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424433032

Moving objects databases (MODs) have been proposed for managing trajectory data, an important kind of information for pervasive applications. To save storage capacity, a MOD generally stores simplified trajectories only. A simplified trajectory approximates the actual trajectory of the mobile object according to a certain accuracy bound. In order to minimize the costs of communicating position information between mobile object and MOD, the trajectory simplification should be performed by the mobile object. To assure that the MOD always has a valid simplified trajectory of the remote object, we propose the generic remote trajectory simplification protocol (GRTS) allowing for computing and managing a simplified trajectory in such a system in real-time. We show how to combine GRTS with existing line simplification algorithms for computing the simplified trajectory and analyze trade-offs between the different algorithms. Our evaluations show that GRTS outperforms the two existing approaches by a factor of two and more in terms of reduction efficiency. Moreover, on average, the reduction efficiency of GRTS is only 12% worse compared to optimal offline simplification.

关键词： Trajectories

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Achieving High-Level QoS in Multi-Party Video-Conferencing Systems via Exploitation of Global time

Achieving High-Level QoS in Multi-Party Video-Conferencing S...

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ieee international symposium on object/Component/Service-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Liu, Sheng Kim, K. H. (Kane) Zhang, Zhen Lee, Seok-Pil Rim, Kee-Wook Qualcomm San Diego CA USA Univ Calif Irvine EECS Dept DREAM Lab Irvine CA USA Korea Elect Technol Inst Seongnamsi South Korea Sunmoon Univ Asan South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9780769535739

In spite of the progress made in the past decade, the quality-of-services (QoS) of the video-conferencing (VC) systems involving four or more sites need to be improved much further in order to attract a large number of users. One of the key issues in enabling high-level QoS in multi-party (MP) VC systems is the accurate maintenance of the temporal relationship among media units (MUs) from creation to play while keeping the MU delivery delays within acceptable bounds. Unlike the case of two-party video-conferencing, MP VC requires multiple media streams to be delivered to multiple sites with a high degree of synchrony. In this paper, an MP VC system model called the SB-VC system in which a global-time-based synchronization approach called the target play time (TPT) scheme is used is presented. the TPT scheme is highly effective in achieving high-precision infra-stream, interstream, and inter-destination synchronizations in MP VC. As a validation, a prototype SB-VC system has been constructed by use of the time-triggered Message-triggered object (TMO) specification and programming scheme and its tool-kit. Its performance is compared against that of an advanced research prototype developed by Microsoft, ConferenceXP, and the results demonstrate that the SB-VC system is a promising model for realizing next-generation VC systems that offer QoSs significantly better than those of current-generation VC systems.

关键词： video-conference MP VC QoS skew-bounded streaming synchronization real time object component multimedia TMO TCoDA TPT target play time fairness

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I2TS 2008, 7^th international Information and Telecommunication Technologies symposium

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ieee LATIN AMERICA TRANSACTIONS 2009年第4期7卷 435-436页

作者： Boukerche, A. Loureiro, A. A. F. Sobral, J. B. M. Univ Ottawa Lab Pesquisas PARADISE Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada Univ Fed Santa Catarina BR-88040900 Florianopolis SC Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais Dept Ciencia Computacao Belo Horizonte MG Brazil

this edition of ieee Latin America Transactions brings up a collection of the best papers presented during the seventh international Information and Telecommunication Technologies symposium (I2TS), which took place from December 3r to 5(th) 2008, in Foz do Igua, Brazil. the Technical Committee Program of I2TS considered three best papers among the entire proceedings of I2TS 2008, which was composed by 121 works. the best papers represent the finest work published in I2TS, serving as an example of the investigation that is done in the Information and Telecommunication areas.

关键词： Analog and Digital Telecommunication Computational Security distributed computing and real-time Systems Information and Telecommunication Systems Wireless Networks Wired Computer Networks Best Papers

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