One of the major challenges in second and foreign language education, is to create links between formal and informal learning environments. Mobile City and language Guides present examples of theoretical and practical...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781906638221
One of the major challenges in second and foreign language education, is to create links between formal and informal learning environments. Mobile City and language Guides present examples of theoretical and practical reflections on such links. this paper presents and discusses the first considerations of Mobile City and language Guides in language centres, upper secondary schools and universities. the core concept of Mobile City and language Guides is geotagging. Geographical locations can be geotagged either through GPS or by marking positions directly in, e.g., Google Earth or Google Maps. Students or teachers can add various kinds of information to geotags: Photos, audio, text, movies, links, vocabulary and various language tasks. this allows the student, in self-defined learning contexts, to down- and upload location-based materials with his or her mobile phone, for immediate or later processing. More and more students are able to afford mobile phones with multimedia and broadband Internet. the potentials of user-generated mobile- and web-based content are increasing. In these years, the internet is moving from the so-called web 1.0 to the more user-centered web 2.0, i.e. weblogs, YouTube, Google Maps, MySpace, FlickR, etc. In an educational context, web 2.0 represents an interesting development of the relatively monologue web 1.0, where traditional homepages often only allow minimal interaction withthe site content. this paper investigates the opportunities that Mobile City and language Guides seem to give second and foreign language students to learn from informal, location-based, experience-based and authentic materials;and discusses how language centres, upper secondary education and universities can involve informal learning contexts through student use of mobiles with broadband and Internet technology supporting second and foreign learning. Mobile City and language Guides is only of several possible mobile and Internt-based language educational scenarios
In Chinese information retrieval, documents are usually segmented into words and then indexed by these words. However, segmentation granularity problem (SDP) should be considered because small granularity may lead to ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769529301
In Chinese information retrieval, documents are usually segmented into words and then indexed by these words. However, segmentation granularity problem (SDP) should be considered because small granularity may lead to low precision and efficiency while big granularity may cause low recall. To solve the problem, this paper proposes an intuitive and heuristic approach. Two-level index for the segmentation dictionary is built by which the original query word could be expanded with its weighted overlaid words. this method not only reserves the advantage of big granularity in precision, but also overcome its disadvantage in recall. the experimental results show that our approach slightly but consistently outperforms the baseline.
Telecommunication market in Korea has been provided separate set-vices in proportion to Fixed or Wireless networks. Major cause of this phenomenon is believed as a characteristic of the telecommunication industry, aff...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769529301
Telecommunication market in Korea has been provided separate set-vices in proportion to Fixed or Wireless networks. Major cause of this phenomenon is believed as a characteristic of the telecommunication industry, affected by the industry regulations. However, demand by consumer's user oriented services and service continuity tend to integrate the separated services together for quadruple plays;converging services, contents, user interfaces, and devices. thus withthis phenomenon, existing network systems were necessary to interconnect between fixed and mobile networks. the purpose of this study is to address technical and systematical implementations on utilizing unified and rationalized internet access by fixed-mobile network convergence through case study of KT's AICPS (Advance information Communication processing System).
To reduce signaling load in the mobile IP, mobile nodes do not register their locations withthe HA every time they move in same local domain. Instead, they register only when they cross a domain that consists Of a nu...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769529301
To reduce signaling load in the mobile IP, mobile nodes do not register their locations withthe HA every time they move in same local domain. Instead, they register only when they cross a domain that consists Of a number Of routers. To register the location a mobile node sends regional registration request to the GFA through AR and receives back the reply from the GFA. After registration, the GFA and other FAs maintain entry for the mobile node in their visitor lists. Using the characteristics of the active network, by employing active nodes in the wireless regional mobility management environment we can optimize the mechanism of registration and path setup for the mobile data traffic. But, authentication problems exist in local domain. We Propose regional authentication mechanism which combines the micro-mobility techniques and active nodes of active access network for wireless environment.
XML document usage is currently in a limbo state probably because of too much freedom endowed to the XML tag definition and schema organization. An effort to restrict the unbounded freedom in XML document structure de...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769529301
XML document usage is currently in a limbo state probably because of too much freedom endowed to the XML tag definition and schema organization. An effort to restrict the unbounded freedom in XML document structure design may help improve the utilization of XML documents on the web environment. Abstraction of common document characteristics from diverse user groups in the same application domain can help develop commonly acceptable XML document structures. We can achieve optimality in document structure by abstracting the document structure and implanting optimum classification tree in XML schema. the implantation is enabled if we apply the ID3-based classification tree generation algorithm. In generating the classification tree of a case example, the 'situation variable and decision variable' structure was proposed to abstract the business process exception handling document structure. the classification tree was then used to construct XML-schema which enables authoring and transmission of web documents that contain business information. Since the induced classification tree is optimized by the "information gain" criterion, the classification tree based XML-schema design also helps utilize XML document information on the semantic web.
One of the problems of automatic word spacers is that the spacer mis-corrects the correctly spaced user's input. In this paper we propose a new approach of estimating the confidence of user's input and incorpo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769529301
One of the problems of automatic word spacers is that the spacer mis-corrects the correctly spaced user's input. In this paper we propose a new approach of estimating the confidence of user's input and incorporating the confidence value into the spacer for Korean word spacing. the confidence is defined as the probability that the input space is correct and is calculated by maximum likelihood estimation in the training data. the experimental results showed that the proposed method is more reliable than the previous method especially when the user's input is correct, and that the performance can be much improved when the confidence value is more precisely estimated.
In order to carry out e-commerce better, advanced technologies to access business information are in need urgently. An agent is described to deal withthe problems of extracting internet informationthat caused by the...
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ISBN:
(数字)9780387754949
ISBN:
(纸本)9780387754932
In order to carry out e-commerce better, advanced technologies to access business information are in need urgently. An agent is described to deal withthe problems of extracting internet informationthat caused by the non-standard and skimble-scamble structure of Chinese websites. the agent designed includes three modules which respond to the process of extracting information separately. A method of HTTP tree and a kind of Lead algorithm is proposed to generate a lead order, with which the required web can be retrieved easily. How to transform the extracted information structuralized with natural language is also discussed.
Relation triples produced by open domain information extraction (open IE) systems are useful for question answering, inference, and other IE tasks. Traditionally these are extracted using a large set of patterns;howev...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781941643723
Relation triples produced by open domain information extraction (open IE) systems are useful for question answering, inference, and other IE tasks. Traditionally these are extracted using a large set of patterns;however, this approach is brittle on out-of-domain text and long-range dependencies, and gives no insight into the substructure of the arguments. We replace this large pattern set with a few patterns for canonically structured sentences, and shift the focus to a classifier which learns to extract self-contained clauses from longer sentences. We then run natural logic inference over these short clauses to determine the maximally specific arguments for each candidate triple. We show that our approach outperforms a state-of-the-art open IE system on the end-to-end TAC-KBP 2013 Slot Filling task.
In the near future, robots withadvanced intelligence will be used for the service of society, families, and individuals. In this paper, we propose the concept of an advanced intelligence machine, which is a device th...
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In this paper, we investigate the possibility of the weakly supervised learning for Semantic Role Labeling. First, we attempt to achieve feature splitting which is the base constraint of co-training, and examine if co...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769529301
In this paper, we investigate the possibility of the weakly supervised learning for Semantic Role Labeling. First, we attempt to achieve feature splitting which is the base constraint of co-training, and examine if co-training works for the task of Semantic Role Labeling. We also examine the possibility of self-training which uses the identical features with co-training, and compare the performance of co-training and self-training. From the experiments, we found some interesting points about Semantic Role Labeling task and the weakly supervised learning. As far as we know, this is the first experiment to apply weakly supervised learning to Semantic Role Labeling and the experimental results show that Semantic Role Labeling can be successfully done by weakly supervised learning.
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