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international conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition

作者： R. Isukapalli A. Elgammal R. Greiner Bell Labs Innovations Lucent Technologies Inc. Whippany NJ USA Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ USA University of Alberta Edmonton Canada

While there has been a great deal of research in face detection and recognition, there has been very limited work on identifying the expression on a face. Many current face detection methods use a Viola-Jones style "cascade" of Adaboost-based classifiers to detect faces. We demonstrate that faces with similar expression form "clusters" in a "classifier space" defined by the real-valued outcomes of these classifiers on the images and address the task of using these classifiers to classify a new image into the appropriate cluster (expression). We formulate this as a Markov decision process and use dynamic programming to find an optimal policy - here a decision tree whose internal nodes each correspond to some classifier, whose arcs correspond to ranges of classifier values, and whose leaf nodes each correspond to a specific facial expression, augmented with a sequence of additional classifiers. We present empirical results that demonstrate that our system accurately determines the expression on a face during detection

关键词： Face detection Classification tree analysis Decision trees Face recognition Dynamic programming Eyes Technological innovation Detectors Image databases Image resolution

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Time, event and self-management aspects in model-driven development of information systems

Time, event and self-management aspects in model-driven deve...

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international Baltic conference on Databases and Information Systems, DB&IS

作者： M. Balandyte L. Nemuraite Kaunas University of Technology Kaunas Lithuania

Cross-cutting concerns, or aspects, are parts of the system that in standard design mechanisms are scattered across multiple program components, and tangled with other components. the ideas of separation of cross-cutting concerns, originated from aspect-oriented programming (AOP), have gained attention in aspect-oriented design (AOD) and model-driven development (MDD), endeavoring to aspect-oriented decomposition and composition at model level. this paper focuses on adequate representing of time, events and management concerns in information systems owning behavior inspired by system agents. Event-based aspect-oriented approach seems to be the most appropriate solution for this situation, although it lacks smooth methodology going from requirements to code and often is hidden in technological level. Time aspect, thoroughly analyzed in embedded and real-time systems, also lacks of proper attention in the area of information systems despite it is closely related to many information system projects. To fill the gap, the method of design independent modeling was extended with concepts and techniques for time, event and self-management aspects modeling in model-driven information system development

关键词： Information systems Object oriented modeling Management information systems Information analysis Design methodology Scattering Information management Appropriate technology Real time systems programming

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QoS Support For Workflows In A Volatile Grid

QoS Support For Workflows In A Volatile Grid

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international Workshop on Grid Computing

作者： Yash Patel Andrew Stephen McGough John Darlington Department of Computing Imperial College London e-Science Centre London UK

the grid can be seen as a collection of services each of which performs some functionality. Users of the grid seek to use combinations of these services to perform the overall task they need to achieve. In general this can be seen as a set of services with a workflow document describing how these services should be combined. the user may also have certain constraints on the workflow operations, such as execution time or cost to the user, specified in the form of a quality of service (QoS) document. the users submit their workflow to a brokering service along with the QoS document. the brokering service's task is to map any given workflow to a subset of the grid services taking the QoS and state of the grid into account - service availability and performance. We propose in this paper an approach for generating constraint equations describing the workflow, the QoS requirements and the state of the grid. this set of equations may be solved using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), which is the traditional method. We further develop a novel 2-stage stochastic MILP which is capable of dealing with the volatile nature of the grid and adapting the selection of the services during the lifetime of the workflow. We present experimental results comparing our approaches, showing that the 2-stage stochastic programming approach performs consistently better than other traditional approaches

关键词： Quality of service Concrete Stochastic processes Grid computing Costs Equations Educational institutions Availability Mesh generation Linear programming

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Multimodal interaction in children's programming with tangible artefacts 06

Multimodal interaction in children's programming with tangib...

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Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences

作者： Jakob tholander Ylva Fernaeus Stockholm University Kista Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9780805861747

In this paper we will investigate and document some of the practices that a group of children use to form an activity of creating a screen-based interactive play world using a tangible programming system. A specific focus is on the resources that the children use to create and maintain a sense of shared understanding of what they are building. We emphasise the embodied aspects of interaction in the activity and how physical resources and bodily action must be viewed as intrinsically intertwined with the children's process of argumentation and articulation.

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Creative codings: investigating cultural, personal, and epistemological connections in media arts programming 06

Creative codings: investigating cultural, personal, and epis...

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Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences

作者： Kylie A. Peppler Yasmin B. Kafai University of California Los Angeles CA

ISBN: (纸本)9780805861747

the focus of this poster is to turn our attention to the arts as an understudied area in the learning sciences and examine how studying the learning of arts and programming can open new avenues of research. Results from a case study analysis suggest that appropriation builds on multiple connections: cultural connections such as referencing popular iconography, personal connections such as including family pictures, and larger epistemological connections to larger bodies of knowledge.

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Evidence for functional inter-relationships between FOXP3, leukaemia inhibitory factor, and axotrophin/MARCH-7 in transplantation tolerance

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international IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006年第13-14期6卷 1993-2001页

作者： Muthukumarana, Poorni A. D. S. Lyons, Gary E. Miura, Yuji thompson, Lorraine H. Watson, Tracy Green, Colin J. Shurey, Sandra Hess, Allan D. Rosengard, Bruce R. Metcalfe, Su M. Univ Cambridge Dept Surg Addenbrookes Hosp Cambridge CB2 2QQ England Univ Wisconsin Sch Med Dept Anat Madison WI 53706 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Sidney Kimmel Comprehens Canc Ctr Baltimore MD 21231 USA Northwick Pk Inst Med Res Surg Res Unit London HA1 3UJ England

In an ex vivo mouse model, regulatory transplantation tolerance is not only linked to Foxp3, but also to release of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and to expression of axotrophin (also known as MARCH-7), a putative ubiquitin E3 ligase associated with feedback control of T cell activation and of T cell-derived LIF. Given this coordinate correlation with tolerance, we now ask if Foxp3 expression is influenced by LIF or by axotrophin. In spleen cells from allo-rejected mice we found that exogenous LIF reduced interferon gamma release in response to donor antigen by 50%, but LIF had no direct effect on levels of Foxp3 protein in allo-primed cells that were either tolerant, or aggressive, for donor antigen. However, we did find an effect of axotrophin on Foxp3: in the axotrophin null mouse, thymic Foxp3 transcripts were reduced compared to axotrophin wildtype littermates. To test whether these findings in the mouse were of potential significance in man we measured transcript levels of axotrophin and LIE in peripheral blood cell samples collected for a recently published clinical study concerning haematopoietic stem cell recipients. In controls, human peripheral blood CD4+CD25+cells contained significantly more FOXP3 and axotrophin than CD4+CD25-cells. In bone marrow autograft recipients, where peripheral blood cell samples directly represent both the grafted tissue and the immune response, both FOXP3 and axotrophin negatively con-elated with graft versus host disease (GVHD). these data suggest that (i) thymic Foxp3+T cell development is influenced by axotrophin;and (ii) clinical auto-GVHD inversely correlates with axotrophin transcript expression as has been previously reported for FOXP3. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Foxp3 LIF axotrophin in immune tolerance

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Object Oriented Analysis Learning Tool using Collaborative Learning

Object Oriented Analysis Learning Tool using Collaborative L...

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international conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training, IthET

作者： S. R. Balasundaram B. Ramadoss Department of Computer Applications National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu India

Collaborative learning is a kind of pedagogical model where students learn any concept or topic through interactions and discussions. Many institutes offering computer science specialization include a course on object oriented analysis and design. this paper focuses on the use of collaborative learning for one of the important phases of object oriented software development i.e., on object oriented analysis (OOA) which is an essential part of software development. the students are given problem statements where they have to identify the classes, types of classes, their relationships with other classes, etc. though, tools exist for doing these activities, a practice done by students will help them to become effective software professionals. In this paper, we discuss the features of a tool used for learning OOA. the learning process is supported by a collaborative approach with the help of Java, XML and related technologies in an e-Learning environment

关键词： Collaborative work Electronic learning programming Problem-solving Internet Educational institutions Computer applications Object oriented modeling Computer science Software tools

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Dynamic programming environment for active rules

Dynamic programming environment for active rules

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international Baltic conference on Databases and Information Systems, DB&IS

作者： S. Chakravarthy S. Varkala Information Technology Laboratory and CSE Department University of Texas Arlington USA

Currently, many applications that require monitoring (e.g., surveillance, track monitoring) use the event-condition-action (or ECA) rule paradigm. the local event detector (LED) that has been developed based on the ECA rule paradigm provides active capability to various applications including relational database systems. LED is capable of handling events that are local to the application, thus providing active capability. Existing LED framework (in Java) supports creation of events and rules at compile time. Modifications to existing rules or events are difficult once the execution of the application begins. thus, modifying rules or events requires adding code for new rules and events, recompiling and executing. this is a limitation for many applications where the rules and events need to be modified dynamically at run time and without bringing the system down. this paper provides a novel approach for supporting the creation of rules and events dynamically at run time, which is critical for several classes of monitoring applications. the proposed approach avoids recompilation and restarts which are inappropriate in many environments that require fine-tuning of rules on the fly. the dynamic programming environment (DPE) presented in this paper provides a generic set of classes that are designed to handle the creation, management, and execution of rules. this set of generic classes is application-independent making the system a general-purpose tool. the user application provides necessary class and event information to the DPE in either XML or text format. the DPE uses this information to create, modify and manage the rules. the DPE supports the creation of new composite and temporal events. A friendly user interface is provided to perform all these tasks

关键词： Dynamic programming Monitoring Light emitting diodes Surveillance Event detection Detectors Relational databases Java Environmental management XML

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Application of abductive ILP to learning metabolic network inhibition from temporal data

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MACHINE LEARNING 2006年第1-3期64卷 209-230页

作者： Tamaddoni-Nezhad, Alireza Chaleil, Raphael Kakas, Antonis Muggleton, Stephen Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med Dept Comp London SW7 2AZ England Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med Dept Biol Sci London SW7 2AZ England Univ Cyprus Dept Comp Sci Nicosia Cyprus

In this paper we use a logic-based representation and a combination of Abduction and Induction to model inhibition in metabolic networks. In general, the integration of abduction and induction is required when the following two conditions hold. Firstly, the given background knowledge is incomplete. Secondly, the problem must require the learning of general rules in the circumstance in which the hypothesis language is disjoint from the observation language. Both these conditions hold in the application considered in this paper. Inhibition is very important from the therapeutic point of view since many substances designed to be used as drugs can have an inhibitory effect on other enzymes. Any system able to predict the inhibitory effect of substances on the metabolic network would therefore be very useful in assessing the potential harmful side-effects of drugs. In modelling the phenomenon of inhibition in metabolic networks, background knowledge is used which describes the network topology and functional classes of inhibitors and enzymes. this background knowledge, which represents the present state of understanding, is incomplete. In order to overcome this incompleteness hypotheses are considered which consist of a mixture of specific inhibitions of enzymes (ground facts) together with general (non-ground) rules which predict classes of enzymes likely to be inhibited by the toxin. the foreground examples are derived from in vivo experiments involving NMR analysis of time-varying metabolite concentrations in rat urine following injections of toxins. the model's performance is evaluated on training and test sets randomly generated from a real metabolic network. It is shown that even in the case where the hypotheses are restricted to be ground, the predictive accuracy increases with the number of training examples and in all cases exceeds the default (majority class). Experimental results also suggest that when sufficient training data is provided, non-ground hypothese

关键词： abductive ILP bioinformatics modelling metabolic networks

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24/7 Software Development in Virtual Student Exchange Groups: Redefining the Work and Study Week

24/7 Software Development in Virtual Student Exchange Groups...

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international conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training, IthET

作者： Zenon Chaczko Ryszard Klempous Jan Nikodem Jerzy Rozenblit ICT Group Faculty of Engineering University of Technology Sydney Australia Faculty of Electronics Wroclaw University of Technology Poland University of Arizona Tucson Tucson USA

A concept of time zone driven, 24/7-week software development in a Virtual Student Exchange (VSX) environment is being defined, developed and applied to explore reliable and efficient continuous modes of work/study processes. the overall goal is to assess the suitability and benefits of this innovative approach to teaching and learning in order to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of these processes. this new methodology aims to address industry needs for training in international teaming, to enrich students' experience, and to improve the quality of education in the participating institutions. the techniques and tools discussed here create an integrated framework for international collaboration among teaming groups of students in practice and team oriented engineering education. this paper also aims to justify the need, merits, and feasibility of the virtual collaboration student exchange teaching program between educational institutions separated by three 8- hour time zones: the Faculty of Electronic Engineering of the Wroclaw University of Technology in Poland (WUT), the Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Arizona, Tucson, USA (UA) and the Faculty of Engineering, Software Engineering Group at University of Technology, Sydney, Australia (UTS). the paper defines the proposed methodology, reviews the tools and processes involved, and finally reports preliminary results.

关键词： programming Industrial training Educational technology Educational programs international collaboration Engineering education Collaborative software Educational institutions Software engineering Australia

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