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Using criticalities as a heuristic for answer set programming 7

7th international conference on Logic programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning , LPNMR 2004

作者： Sabuncu, Orkunt Alpaslan, Ferda N. Akman, Varol Department of Computer Engineering Middle East Technical University Ankara06531 Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Bilkent University Ankara06800 Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9783540207214

Answer Set programming is a new paradigm based on logic programming. the main component of answer set programming is a system that finds the answer sets of logic programs. During the computation of an answer set, systems are faced with choice points where they have to select a literal and assign it a truth value. Generally, systems utilize some heuristics to choose new literals at the choice points. the heuristic used is one of the key factors for the performance of the system. A new heuristic for answer set programming has been developed. this heuristic is inspired by hierarchical planning. the notion of criticality, which was introduced for generating abstraction hierarchies in hierarchical planning, is used in this heuristic. the resulting system (CSMODELS) uses this new heuristic in a static way. CSMODELS is based on the system SMODELS. the experimental results show that this new heuristic is promising for answer set programming. A comparison of search times with SMODELS demonstrate CSMODELS’ usefulness. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： Logic programming

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Declaring and enforcing dependencies between .NET custom attributes

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3rd international conference on generative programming and component engineering

作者： Cepa, V Mezini, M TH Darmstadt Dept Comp Sci Software Technol Grp Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)3540235809

Custom attributes as e.g., supported by the NET framework complemented by pre- or post-processing tools can be used to integrate domain-specific concepts into general-purpose language technology, representing an interesting alternative to domain-specific languages in supporting model-driven development. For this purpose, it is important that dependency relationships between custom attributes, e.g., stating that a certain attribute requires or excludes another attribute, can be specified and checked for during model processing (compilation). Such dependencies can be viewed as an important part of expressing the meta-model of the domain-specific concepts represented by custom attributes. In this paper, we present an approach to specifying and enforcing dependencies between NET custom attributes, which naturally extends the built-in NET support. In this approach, dependencies are specified declaratively by using custom attributes to decorate other custom attributes. Once the dependency declaration is made part of the custom attribute support, one can write tools that enforce dependencies based on NET meta-program API-s like CodeDom or Reflection. In this paper, we present such a tool, called ADC (for attribute dependency checker).

关键词： Problem oriented languages

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A generative approach to the implementation of language bindings for the document object model

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3rd international conference on generative programming and component engineering, GPCE 2004

作者： Padovani, Luca Coen, Claudio Sacerdoti Zacchiroli, Stefano Department of Computer Science University of Bologna Mura Anteo Zamboni 7 Bologna40127 Italy

ISBN: (纸本)3540235809

the availability of a C implementation of the Document Object Model (DOM) offers the interesting opportunity of generating bindings for different programming languages automatically. Because of the DOM bias towards Java-like languages, a C implementation that fakes objects, inheritance, polymorphism, exceptions and uses reference counting introduces a gap between the API specification and its actual implementation that the bindings should try to close. In this paper we overview the generative approach in this particular context and apply it for the generation of C++ and OCaml bindings. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： C++ (programming language)

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the effects of mental practice and concentration skills on EEG brain dynamics during motor imagery using independent component analysis

The effects of mental practice and concentration skills on E...

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26th Annual international conference of the IEEE-engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society

作者： Erfani, A Erfanian, A Iran Univ Sci & Technol Fac Elect Engn Dept Biomed Engn Tehran Iran

ISBN: (纸本)0780384393

It is now well established that mental practice using motor imagery improves motor skills. the effects of mental practice on motor skill learning are the result of practice on central motor programming. According to this view, it seems logical that mental practice should modify the neuronal activity in the primary sensorimotor areas. this article explores the use of independent component analysis (ICA) approach to characterize the effect of mental practice and concentration skills on EEG patterns during motor imagery. the results indicate that the mental training has a significant effect on spatial-temporal EEG during motor imagery. It is observed that the power of delta and theta bands increases following the visual cue and alpha activity is significantly suppressed. Increase of gamma activities starts almost 1000 ms after the visual stimulus and continues to the end of imagination. Increase of theta activities can be associated with engagement of the working memory during motor imagery and represents the memory load. the interesting result is that the mental training dramatically enhances motor-cortex rhythm. It is found that ICA can successfully detect and separate different brain activities into separate components during motor imagery.

关键词： EEG brain-computer interface independent component analysis motor imagery

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A formal treatment of context-awareness

A formal treatment of context-awareness

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7th international conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software engineering, FASE 2004 Held as Part of the Joint European conferences on theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2004

作者： Roman, Gruia-Catalin Julien, Christine Payton, Jamie Department of Computer Science and Engineering Washington University Saint LouisMO63130 United States

ISBN: (纸本)3540213058

Context-aware computing refers to a computing paradigm in which the behavior of individual components is determined by the circumstances in which they find themselves to an extent that greatly exceeds the typical system/environment interaction pattern common to most modern computing. the environment has an exceedingly powerful impact on a particular application component either because the latter needs to adapt in response to changing external conditions or because it relies on resources whose availability is subject to continuous change. In this paper we seek to develop a systematic understanding of the quintessential nature of context-aware computing by constructing a formal model and notation for expressing context-aware computations. We start with the basic premise that, in its most extreme form, context should be made manifest in a manner that is highly local in appearance and decoupled in fact. Furthermore, we assume a notion of context that is relative to the needs of each individual component, and we expect context-awareness to be maintained in a totally transparent manner with minimal programming effort. We construct the model from first principles, seek to root our decisions in these formative assumptions, and make every effort to preserve minimality of concepts and elegance of notation. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： Computers

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Towards a context-driven development framework for ambient intelligence

Towards a context-driven development framework for ambient i...

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international conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshop

作者： D. Wagelaar System and Software Engineering Laboratory Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium

Portable and embedded devices form an increasingly large group of computers, often referred to as ambient intelligence (AmI). this new variety in computing platforms cause a corresponding diversity in software/hardware platforms and other context factors. component-based middleware platforms offer a uniform environment for software, but they do not take away specific context differences, such as hardware resources, user identity/role and logical/physical location. Specialised component versions and/or configurations have to be made for each computing context if that computing context is to be used to its full extent. this is because the fine differences between component versions cannot be separated into finer components with the current component models. Aspect-oriented programming and generative programming technologies can be used to provide the fine-grained modularity that is necessary. In addition, the diversity of component-based platforms themselves form an extra reason for different component versions. We propose using a context-driven framework for the development of AmI components, which is based upon a gradual refinement mechanism. this refinement mechanism can cope with the course-grained differences between component models as well as the fine-grained differences between computing configurations.

关键词： Ambient intelligence Pervasive computing Hardware Object oriented modeling Embedded computing Portable computers Personal digital assistants Unified modeling language Middleware Software engineering

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A generative programming framework for adaptive middleware

A generative programming framework for adaptive middleware

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Annual Hawaii international conference on System Sciences (HICSS)

作者： V. Subramonian C. Gill Department of Computer Science and Engineering Washington University Saint Louis MO USA

component middleware technologies such as the CORBA component model (CCM), J2EE (Alur et al., 2001), and .NET, were developed to address many limitations like interdependencies between services and object interfaces, limited re-use, of first-generation middleware technologies such as CORBA 2.x, XML, and SOAP (Snell and McLeod, 2001). these component technologies have addressed a wide range of application domains, but unfortunately for distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems, the focus of these technologies has been primarily on functional and not quality of service (QoS) properties. Research on QoS-aware component models such as the CIAO project (Wang et al. 2003) shows that there is a fundamental difference between configuration of functional and QoS properties even within such a unified component model: the dominant decomposition of functional properties is essentially object-oriented, while the dominant decomposition of QoS properties is essentially aspect-oriented. In this paper, we describe how a focus on aspect frameworks for configuring QoS properties both complements and extends QoS-aware component models. this paper makes three main contributions to the state of the art in DRE systems middleware. First, it describes a simple but representative problem for configuring QoS aspects that cut across architectural layers, system and distribution boundaries, which motivates our focus on aspect frameworks. Second, it provides a formalization of that problem using first order logic nfrastructure configuration logic - which both guides the design of aspect configuration infrastructure, and offers a way to connect these techniques with model-integrated computing (Ledeczi et al. 2001) approaches to further reduce the programming burden on DRE system developers. third, it describes alternative mechanisms to ensure correct configuration of the aspects involved, and notes the phases of the DRE system lifecycle at which each such configuration mechanism is most ap

关键词： Middleware Quality of service Object oriented modeling Logic programming Real time systems Logic design Computer science XML Simple object access protocol Contracts

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Implementation of an Arabic Morphological Analyzer within constraint logic programming framework

Implementation of an Arabic Morphological Analyzer within co...

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7th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and engineering Systems (KES 2003)

作者： Zidoum, H SQU Univ Dept Comp Sci Al Khoud 132 PC Oman

ISBN: (纸本)3540408037

this paper presents an Arabic Morphological Analyzer and its implementation in clp(FD), a constraint logic programming language. the Morphological Analyzer (MA) represents a component of an architecture which can process unrestricted text from a source such as Internet. the morphological analyzer uses a constraint-based model to represent the morphological rules for verbs and nouns, a matching algorithm to isolate the affixes and the root of a given word-form, and a linguistic knowledge base consisting in lists of markers. the morphological rules fall into two categories: the regular morphological rules of the Arabic grammar and the exception rules that represent the language exceptions. clp(FD) is particularly suitable for the implementation of our system thanks to its double reasoning: symbolic reasoning expresses the logic properties of the problem and facilitates the implementation of a the linguistic knowledge base, and heuristics, while constraint satisfaction reasoning on finite domains uses constraint propagation to keep the search space manageable.

关键词： Logic programming

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A column generation approach for pickup cycle formation in multi-head gantry-type compoennt placement tools

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international JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL engineering-thEORY APPLICATIONS AND PRACTICE 2003年第4期10卷 569-576页

作者： Sun, DS Lee, TE Lee, K Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Ind Engn Taejon 305701 South Korea Hankuk Univ Foreign Studies Ind Informat & Syst Engn Div Yongin 449791 Kyongki Do South Korea

We consider the pickup cycle formation problem for multi-head gantry-type component placement tools. the pickup cycle formation decision is to determine which components are picked up for each pick-and-place work cycle when the feeder arrangement is given. the objective is to minimize the total number of pickups, or equivalently maximize the number of simultaneously picked components for each access of a multi-head module. We formulate the problem as a set covering problem that has decision variables as many as the number of feasible pickup patterns of a cycle. We solve the integer programming formulation of the problem by a column generation method, of which subproblem for column selection is efficiently solvable in a polynomial time graph algorithm. Implementation details and computational results using real data are discussed. Significance: the pickup cycle formation problem of the multi-head gantry-type component placement tool to utilize the multiple heads is investigated. the efficient method based on column generation techniques for the problem will reduce the tool cycle time by minimizing the total number of pickups in a PCB assembly.

关键词： surface mounting multi-head pickup cycle formation integer programming column generation

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generative programming: Methods, techniques, and applications tutorial abstract 7th

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7th international conference on Software Reuse (ICSR-7)

作者： Czarnecki, K DaimlerChrysler AG Res & Technol Software Technol Lab D-89081 Ulm Germany

Today’s software engineering practices are aimed at developing single systems. there are attempts to achieve reuse through object- and component-based technologies with two specific goals: to cut development...

ISBN: (纸本)3540434836

Today̵7;s software engineering practices are aimed at developing single systems. there are attempts to achieve reuse through object- and component-based technologies with two specific goals: to cut development costs, and time-to-market and to improve quality. But current research and practical experience suggest that only moving from the single system engineering to the system-family engineering approach can bring significant progress with respect to these goals [4, 8, 10].

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