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Deductive and object data languages: A quest for integration 4th

Deductive and object data languages: A quest for integration

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4th international conference on Deductive and Object-Oriented Databases, DOOD 1995

作者： Kifer, Michael Department of Computer Science University at Stony Brook Stony BrookNY11794 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540606086

According to rumors, the early hybrids of object-oriented and deductive languages were mutants that escaped from secret Government AI labs. Whether this is true or not, the fact is that by mid-80’s, database and logic programming communities began to take notice. the temptation was hard to resist: the object-oriented paradigm provides a better way of manipulating structured objects, while logic and deduction offer the power and flexibility of ad hoc querying and reasoning. thus, hybrid languages have the potential for becoming an ideal turf for cultivating the next generation of information systems. the approaches to integration of the two paradigms range from logic-based languages with unified declarative semantics, to message-passing prologs, to Prolog/C++ cocktails. In the past eight years, my colleagues and I have been developing a unified object-based logic intended to capture most of the essentials of the object-oriented paradigm. the overall plot here is that once the fundamentals are in place, the actual hybrid programming languages can be carved out of the logic the same way as deductive data languages have been carved out of the classical logic. there are two distinct aspects in object-orientation: structural (the statics) and procedural (the dynamics). the static aspect was somewhat easier to capture in logic and after taking a few wrong turns F-logic was developed [17]. Taming the dynamics was harder, because there was no widely accepted solution to the problem of state changes even for traditional deductive languages. Our recent work on Transaction logic [8, 7] appears to provide an adequate framework for specifying the dynamics in classical deductive languages. this paper first reviews some core aspects of F-logic and Transaction logic, and then shows how the two can be combined in a natural way to yield a unified foundation for future work on deductive object-oriented languages both in theory and practice. At the end, we discuss areas that still remai

关键词： logic programming

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Analysis of XACML policies with ASP

Analysis of XACML policies with ASP

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New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS)

作者： Dhouha Ayed Marie-Noëlle Lepareux Cyrille Martins Theresis Lab - Thales Services

Security policy administrators face difficulties to ensure that the policies they specify in XACML correspond to what they intend to formulate and to understand their overall effect. this paper proposes a logic-based XACML3.0 analysis solution using Answer Set programming (ASP) where Ansprolog is used to model the XACML decision process and an ASP solver is employed in an innovative way to perform logical reasoning on access control policies such as detecting conflicts in a multi-organizational context.

关键词： programming Algorithm design and analysis Cognition Authorization Medical services Semantics

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A Simple Abstraction for Complex Concurrent Indexes

A Simple Abstraction for Complex Concurrent Indexes

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2th ACM international conference on Systems, programming, Languages, and Applications: Software for Humanity (SPLASH)

作者： Pinto, Pedro da Rocha Dinsdale-Young, thomas Dodds, Mike Gardner, Philippa Wheelhouse, Mark Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med London SW7 2AZ England

ISBN: (纸本)9781450309400

Indexes are ubiquitous. Examples include associative arrays, dictionaries, maps and hashes used in applications such as databases, file systems and dynamic languages. Abstractly, a sequential index can be viewed as a partial function from keys to values. Values can be queried by their keys, and the index can be mutated by adding or removing mappings. Whilst appealingly simple, this abstract specification is insufficient for reasoning about indexes accessed concurrently. We present an abstract specification for concurrent indexes. We verify several representative concurrent client applications using our specification, demonstrating that clients can reason abstractly without having to consider specific underlying implementations. Our specification would, however, mean nothing if it were not satisfied by standard implementations of concurrent indexes. We verify that our specification is satisfied by algorithms based on linked lists, hash tables and B-Link trees. the complexity of these algorithms, in particular the B-Link tree algorithm, can be completabely hidden from the client's view by our abstract specification.

关键词： Concurrency Indexes B-Trees Separation logic

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Combining Deep Learning and ASP-Based Models for the Semantic Segmentation of Medical Images 5th

Combining Deep Learning and ASP-Based Models for the Semanti...

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5th international Joint conference on Rules and reasoning (RuleML+RR)

作者： Bruno, Pierangela Calimeri, Francesco Marte, Cinzia Manna, Marco Univ Calabria Dept Math & Comp Sci Arcavacata Di Rende Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783030911676;9783030911669

Automatic segmentation represents a huge breakthrough in computer-aided diagnosis and medicine, as it allows to provide clinicians important with information for interventional and diagnostic tasks. Recent advancements in Deep Learning (DL), such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have proved to be greatly promising in identifying anatomical and pathological structures, and in extracting meaningful patterns from huge amounts of data. However, such approaches suffer from the lack of proper means for interpreting the choices made by the models, and it is not easy to drive the decisions according to prior knowledge. In this context, deductive rule-based approaches, such as Answer Set programming (ASP), can allow to effectively encode problems or specific features via logic programs in a declarative fashion, while possibly also helping at improving performance. In this seminal work, we propose the use of ASP to drive DL approaches in performing semantic segmentation of medical images. Specifically, we encoded prior medical knowledge via ASP, thus defining a rule-based model for deducting all admitted combinations of classes and right locations in medical images. the results of an experimental analysis are reported with the aim to assess the viability of the proposed approach.

关键词： Answer set programming Knowledge representation and reasoning Deep learning Semantic segmentation Inductive-deductive coupling

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Artificial neural networks in diagnosis of liver diseases 6th

Artificial neural networks in diagnosis of liver diseases

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6th international conference on Information Technology in Bio- and Medical Informatics, ITBAM 2015

作者： Neves, José Cunha, Adriana Almeida, Ana Carvalho, André Neves, João Abelha, António Machado, José Vicente, Henrique Centro Algoritmi Universidade Do Minho Braga Portugal Departamento de Informática Universidade Do Minho Braga Portugal Drs. Nicolas and Asp Dubai United Arab Emirates Departamento de Química Centro de Química de Évora Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade de Évora Évora Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783319227405

Liver diseases have severe patients’ consequences, being one of the main causes of premature death. these facts reveal the centrality of one`s daily habits, and how important it is the early diagnosis of these kind of illnesses, not only to the patients themselves, but also to the society in general. therefore, this work will focus on the development of a diagnosis support system to these kind of maladies, built under a formal framework based on logic programming, in terms of its knowledge representation and reasoning procedures, complemented with an approach to computing grounded on Artificial Neural Networks. © Springer international Publishing Switzerland 2015.

关键词： logic programming

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Solving geometry problems using a combination of symbolic and numerical reasoning

Solving geometry problems using a combination of symbolic an...

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19th international conference on logic for programming, Artificial Intelligence, and reasoning, LPAR 2013

作者： Itzhaky, Shachar Gulwani, Sumit Immerman, Neil Sagiv, Mooly Tel Aviv University Israel Microsoft Research Redmond WA United States University of Massachusetts Amherst MA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783642452208

We describe a framework that combines deductive, numeric, and inductive reasoning to solve geometric problems. Applications include the generation of geometric models and animations, as well as problem solving in the context of intelligent tutoring systems. Our novel methodology uses (i) deductive reasoning to generate a partial program from logical constraints, (ii) numerical methods to evaluate the partial program, thus creating geometric models which are solutions to the original problem, and (iii) inductive synthesis to read off new constraints that are then applied to one more round of deductive reasoning leading to the desired deterministic program. By the combination of methods we were able to solve problems that each of the methods was not able to solve by itself. the number of nondeterministic choices in a partial program provides a measure of how close a problem is to being solved and can thus be used in the educational context for grading and providing hints. We have successfully evaluated our methodology on 18 Scholastic Aptitude Test geometry problems, and 11 ruler/compass-based geometry construction problems. Our tool solved these problems using an average of a few seconds per problem. © Springer-Verlag 2013.

关键词： Geometry

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Probabilistic reasoning with a Bayesian DNA device based on strand displacement

Probabilistic reasoning with a Bayesian DNA device based on ...

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18th international conference on DNA Computing and Molecular programming, DNA 18

作者： Sainz De Murieta, Iñaki Rodríguez-Patón, Alfonso Campus de Montegancedo s/n Boadilla del Monte Madrid 28660 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783642322075

We present a computing model based on the DNA strand displacement technique which performs Bayesian inference. the model will take single stranded DNA as input data, representing the presence or absence of a specific molecular signal (evidence). the program logic encodes the prior probability of a disease and the conditional probability of a signal given the disease playing with a set of different DNA complexes and their ratios. When the input and program molecules interact, they release a different pair of single stranded DNA species whose relative proportion represents the application of Bayes' Law: the conditional probability of the disease given the signal. the models presented in this paper can empower the application of probabilistic reasoning in genetic diagnosis in vitro. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： DNA

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Qualitative Spatial and Temporal reasoning with Answer Set programming

Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning with Answer Set P...

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international conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence

作者： Jason Jingshi Li Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne

ISBN: (纸本)9781479902279

Representing and reasoning spatial and temporal information is a key research issue in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence. In this paper, we introduce tools that produce three novel encodings which translate problems in qualitative spatial and temporal reasoning into logic programs for answer set programming solvers. Each encoding reflects a different type of modeling abstraction. We evaluate our approach with two of the most well known qualitative spatial and temporal reasoning formalisms, the Interval Algebra and Region Connection Calculus. Our results show some surprising findings, including the strong performance of the solver for disjunctive logic programs over the non-disjunctive ones on our benchmark problems.

关键词： temporal reasoning Answer logic programming programming Solvers Qualitative time information Benchmark testing computer science Artificial Intelligence

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reasoning about agent execution strategies 08

Reasoning about agent execution strategies

引用

Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 3

作者： Natasha Alechina Brian Logan Mehdi Dastani John-Jules Ch. Meyer University of Nottingham Nottingham UK Universiteit Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9780981738123

We present a logic for reasoning about properties of agent programs under different agent execution strategies. Using the agent programming language SimpleAPL as an example, we show how safety and liveness properties can be expressed by translating agent programs into expressions of the logic. We give sound and complete axiomatizations of two different program execution strategies for SimpleAPL programs, and, for each of those strategies, prove a correspondence between the operational semantics of SimpleAPL and the models of the corresponding logic.

关键词： formalisms and logics

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Model-based knowledge representation and reasoning via answer set programming 08

Model-based knowledge representation and reasoning via answe...

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Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Functional and logic programming

作者： Torsten Schaub School of Computing Science Simon Fraser University Burnaby Canada and The Institute for Integrated and Intelligent Systems Griffith University Brisbane Australia and Universität Potsdam Institut für Informatik Potsdam Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783540789680

the field of knowledge representation and reasoning has been going through a methodological shift during recent years. While the past was dominated by query-oriented reasoning, model-based techniques become more and more popular nowadays. this development was primarily driven by the availability of highly efficient Boolean constraint solvers, like satisfiability and answer set solvers. the general idea is to translate an application problem into a logical specification. this specification is in turn passed to a solver, which outputs models representing solutions to the initial application *** talk will provide an introduction to answer set programming (ASP), its proof-theoretic foundations, methodology, implementation techniques along with a glimpse of an exemplary application. Besides knowledge representation and reasoning, ASP has its roots in deductive databases, nonmonotonic reasoning, and logic programming. Applications are specified in ASP in terms of sets of logical rules. Modern ASP solvers rely on high-performance Boolean constraint solving techniques, which allow them to tackle application domains consisting of millions of variables. Meanwhile, this approach proved to be an effective tool in a range of applications, like planning, model checking, and bio-informatics.

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