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Scheduling scientific experiments on the rosetta/philae mission

Scheduling scientific experiments on the rosetta/philae miss...

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18th international conference on principles and practice of constraint programming, cp 2012

作者： Simonin, Gilles Artigues, Christian Hebrard, Emmanuel Lopez, Pierre CNRS LAAS 7 avenue du colonel Roche Toulouse F-31400 France Univ de Toulouse LAAS Toulouse F-31400 France

ISBN: (纸本)9783642335570

the Rosetta/Philae mission was launched in 2004 by the European Space Agency (ESA). It is scheduled to reach the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014 after traveling more than six billion kilometers. the Philae module will then be separated from the orbiter (Rosetta) to attempt the first ever landing on the surface of a comet. If it succeeds, it will engage a sequence of scientific exploratory experiments on the comet. In this paper we describe a constraint programming model for scheduling the different experiments of the mission. A feasible plan must satisfy a number of constraints induced by energetic resources, precedence relations on activities, or incompatibility between instruments. Moreover, a very important aspect is related to the transfer (to the orbiter then to the Earth) of all the data produced by the instruments. the capacity of inboard memories and the limitation of transfers within visibility windows between lander and orbiter, make the transfer policy implemented on the lander's cpU prone to data loss. We introduce a global constraint to handle data transfers. the goal of this constraint is to ensure that data-producing activities are scheduled in such a way that no data is lost. thanks to this constraint and to the filtering rules we propose, mission control is now able to compute feasible plans in a few seconds for scenarios where minutes were previously often required. Moreover, in many cases, data transfers are now much more accurately simulated, thus increasing the reliability of the plans. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Data transfer

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Local probing applied to scheduling 8th

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8th international conference on principles and practice of constraint programming, cp 2002

作者： Kamarainen, Olli El Sakkout, Hani IC-Parc Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)3540441204

this paper describes local probing, an algorithm hybridization form that combines backtrack search enhanced with local consistency techniques(B T+CS) with local search (LS) via probe *** BT+CS can be effective at finding solutions for (or proving the infeasibility of) tightly constrained problems with complex and overlapping constraints, but lacks good optimization characteristics. By contrast, LS can be superior at optimizing problems that are loosely constrained,or that have constraints which are satisfiable by simple neighbourhood procedures, but it also has several weaknesses of its own. It is weaker on problems with a complex constraint satisfaction element, and cannot prove problem infeasibility, causing prolonged execution times and ambiguous search outcomes for even trivially infeasible *** show these divergent characteristics on a general resource constrained scheduling problem class, extended with a widely applicable objective *** then detail a local probing hybrid that marries the strengths of constraint satisfaction techniques, including good satisfaction characteristics and proofs of problem infeasibility, with the superior optimization characteristics of LS. this local probing hybrid achieves satcompleteness,without incorporating all the constraints into the LS neighbourhood function. Finally, we discuss the principal questions that must be answered in creating local probing hybrids for other problems. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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Automatically improving constraint models in savile row through associative-commutative common subexpression elimination

Automatically improving constraint models in savile row thro...

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20th international conference on the principles and practice of constraint programming, cp 2014

作者： Nightingale, Peter Akgün, Özgür Gent, Ian P. Jefferson, Christopher Miguel, Ian School of Computer Science University of St. Andrews St.-Andrews Fife-KY16 9SX United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9783319104270

When solving a problem using constraint programming, constraint modelling is widely acknowledged as an important and difficult task. Even a constraint modelling expert may explore many models and spend considerable time modelling a single problem. therefore any automated assistance in the area of constraint modelling is valuable. Common sub-expression elimination (CSE) is a type of constraint reformulation that has proved to be useful on a range of problems. In this paper we demonstrate the value of an extension of CSE called Associative-Commutative CSE (AC-CSE). this technique exploits the properties of associativity and commutativity of binary operators, for example in sum constraints. We present a new algorithm, X-CSE, that is able to choose from a larger palette of common subexpressions than previous approaches. We demonstrate substantial gains in performance using X-CSE. For example on BIBD we observed speed increases of more than 20 times compared to a standard model and that using X-CSE outperforms a sophisticated model from the literature. For Killer Sudoku we found that X-CSE can render some apparently difficult instances almost trivial to solve, and we observe speed increases up to 350 times. For BIBD and Killer Sudoku the common subexpressions are not present in the initial model: an important part of our methodology is reformulations at the preprocessing stage, to create the common subexpressions for X-CSE to exploit. In summary we show that X-CSE, combined with preprocessing and other reformulations, is a powerful technique for automated modelling of problems containing associative and commutative constraints. © 2014 Springer international Publishing Switzerland.

关键词： Problem solving

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Using constraint programming to Generate Benzenoid Structures in theoretical Chemistry 26th

Using Constraint Programming to Generate Benzenoid Structure...

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26th international conference on principles and practice of constraint programming, cp 2020

作者： Carissan, Yannick Hagebaum-Reignier, Denis Prcovic, Nicolas Terrioux, Cyril Varet, Adrien Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Centrale Marseille ISM2 Marseille France Aix Marseille Univ Université de Toulon CNRS LIS Marseille France

ISBN: (纸本)9783030584740

Benzenoids are a subfamily of hydrocarbons (molecules that are only made of hydrogen and carbon atoms) whose carbon atoms form hexagons. these molecules are widely studied in theoretical chemistry and have a lot of concrete applications. therefore, generating benzenoids which have certain structural properties (e.g. having a given number of hexagons or having a particular structure from a graph viewpoint) is an interesting and important problem. It constitutes a preliminary step for studying their chemical properties. In this paper, we show that modeling this problem in Choco Solver and just letting its search engine generate the solutions is a fast enough and very flexible approach. It can allow to generate many different kinds of benzenoids with predefined structural properties by posting new constraints, saving the efforts of developing bespoke algorithmic methods for each kind of benzenoids. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Structural properties

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Proving symmetries by model transformation

Proving symmetries by model transformation

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17th international conference on principles and practice of constraint programming, cp 2011

作者： Mears, Christopher Niven, Todd Jackson, Marcel Wallace, Mark Faculty of IT Monash University Australia Department of Mathematics La Trobe University Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9783642237850

the presence of symmetries in a constraint satisfaction problem gives an opportunity for more efficient search. Within the class of matrix models, we show that the problem of deciding whether some well known permutations are model symmetries (solution symmetries on every instance) is undecidable. We then provide a new approach to proving the model symmetries by way of model transformations. Given a model M and a candidate symmetry σ, the approach first syntactically applies σ to M and then shows that the resulting model σ(M) is semantically equivalent to M. We demonstrate this approach with an implementation that reduces equivalence to a sentence in Presburger arithmetic, using the modelling language MiniZinc and the term re-writing language Cadmium, and show that it is capable of proving common symmetries in models. © 2011, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： constraint satisfaction problems

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Propagating soft table constraints

Propagating soft table constraints

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18th international conference on principles and practice of constraint programming, cp 2012

作者： Lecoutre, Christophe Paris, Nicolas Roussel, Olivier Tabary, Sébastien CRIL - CNRS UMR 8188 Univ. Lille Nord de France Artois F-62307 Lens France

ISBN: (纸本)9783642335570

WCSP is a framework that has attracted a lot of attention during the last decade. In particular, many filtering approaches have been developed on the concept of equivalence-preserving transformations (cost transfer operations), using the definition of soft local consistencies such as, for example, node consistency, arc consistency, full directional arc consistency, and existential directional arc consistency. Almost all algorithms related to these properties have been introduced for binary weighted constraint networks, and most of the conducted experiments typically include networks with binary and ternary constraints only. In this paper, we focus on extensional soft constraints (of large arity), so-called soft table constraints. We propose an algorithm to enforce a soft version of generalized arc consistency (GAC) on such constraints, by combining both the techniques of cost transfer and simple tabular reduction, the latter dynamically maintaining the list of allowed tuples in constraint tables. On various series of problem instances containing soft table constraints of large arity, we show the practical interest of our approach. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： constraint theory

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Properties of energy-price forecasts for scheduling

Properties of energy-price forecasts for scheduling

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18th international conference on principles and practice of constraint programming, cp 2012

作者： Ifrim, Georgiana O'Sullivan, Barry Simonis, Helmut Cork Constraint Computation Centre Department of Computer Science University College Cork Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9783642335570

Wholesale electricity markets are becoming ubiquitous, offering consumers access to competitively-priced energy. the cost of energy is often correlated with its environmental impact;for example, environmentally sustainable forms of energy might benefit from subsidies, while the use of high-carbon sources might be discouraged through taxes or levies. Reacting to real-time electricity price fluctuations can lead to high cost savings, in particular for large energy consumers such as data centres or manufacturing plants. In this paper we focus on the challenge of day-ahead energy price prediction, using the Irish Single Electricity Market Operator (SEMO) as a case-study. We present techniques that significantly out-perform SEMO's own prediction. We evaluate the energy savings that are possible in a production scheduling context, but show that better prediction does not necessarily yield energy-cost savings. We explore this issue further and characterize, and evaluate, important properties that an energy price predictor must have in order to give rise to significant scheduling-cost savings in practice. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Scheduling

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Value ordering for finding all solutions: Interactions with adaptive variable ordering

Value ordering for finding all solutions: Interactions with ...

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17th international conference on principles and practice of constraint programming, cp 2011

作者： Mehta, Deepak O’Sullivan, Barry Quesada, Luis Cork Constraint Computation Centre University College Cork Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9783642237850

We consider the impact of value ordering heuristics on the search effort required to find all solutions, or proving none exist, to a constraint satisfaction problem in k-way branching search. We show that when the variable ordering heuristic is adaptive, the order in which the values are assigned to variables can make a significant difference in all measures of search effort. We study in depth an open issue regarding the relative merit of traditional value heuristics, and their complements, when searching for all solutions. We also introduce a lazy version of k-way branching and study the effect of value orderings on finding all solutions when it is used. this paper motivates a new and fruitful line of research in the study of value ordering heuristics for proving unsatisfiability. © 2011, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： constraint satisfaction problems

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Space-time tradeoffs for the regular constraint

Space-time tradeoffs for the regular constraint

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18th international conference on principles and practice of constraint programming, cp 2012

作者： Cheng, Kenil C. K. Xia, Wei Yap, Roland H. C. School of Computing National University of Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9783642335570

Many global constraints can be described by a regular expression or a DFA. Originally, the regular constraint, uses a DFA to describe the constraint, however, it can also be used to express a table constraint. thus, there are many representations for an equivalent constraint. In this paper, we investigate the effect of different representations on natural extensions of the regular constraint focusing on the space-time tradeoffs. We propose a variant of the regular constraint, nfac(X), where X can be an NFA, DFA or MDD. Our nfac algorithm enforces GAC directly on any of the input representations, thus, generalizing the mddc algorithm. We also give an algorithm to directly convert an NFA representation to an MDD for nfac(MDD) or mddc. Our experiments show that the NFA representation not only saves space but also time. When the ratio of the NFA over the MDD or DFA size is small enough, nfac(NFA) is faster. When the size ratio is larger, nfac(NFA) still saves space and is a bit slower. In some problems, the initialization cost of MDD or DFA can also be a significant overhead, unlike NFA which has low initialization cost. We also show that the effect of the early-cutoff optimization is significant in all the representations. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Commerce

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Visualizations to Summarize Search Behavior 26th

Visualizations to Summarize Search Behavior

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26th international conference on principles and practice of constraint programming, cp 2020

作者： Howell, Ian S. Choueiry, Berthe Y. Yu, Hongfeng Constraint Systems Laboratory University of Nebraska-Lincoln LincolnNE68508 United States Visualization Laboratory University of Nebraska-Lincoln LincolnNE68508 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783030584740

In this paper, we argue that metrics that assess the performance of backtrack search for solving a constraint Satisfaction Problem should not be visualized and examined only at the end of search, but their evolution should be tracked throughout the search process in order to provide a more complete picture of the behavior of search. We describe a process that organizes search history by automatically recognizing qualitatively significant changes in the metrics that assess search performance. To this end, we introduce a criterion for quantifying change between two time instants and a summarization technique for organizing the history of search at controllable levels of abstraction. We validate our approach in the context of two algorithms for enforcing consistency: one that is activated by a surge of backtracking and the second that modifies the structure of the constraint graph. We also introduce a new visualization for exposing the behavior of variable ordering heuristics and validate its usefulness both as a standalone tool and when displayed alongside search history. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Visualization

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