this paper discusses the dynamic of contextthrough the use of a context-based formalism called contextual graphs that has been initially developed in the SART application for the development of a support system in in...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540403809
this paper discusses the dynamic of contextthrough the use of a context-based formalism called contextual graphs that has been initially developed in the SART application for the development of a support system in incident solving on a subway line. First, we present the formalism of contextual graphs through its new implementation. Second, we discuss the dynamic of context in contextual graphs. third, we present two characteristics of contextual graphs as they relate to the dynamic of context, the incremental knowledge acquisition and the explanation generation. We conclude by a discussion of the key properties and the potential of contextual graphs for other applications.
using a browsing context is one of the keys to web site access personalization under particular constraints. With poor user information modeling, which is a common situation, a web site cannot be adapted to the curren...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540403809
using a browsing context is one of the keys to web site access personalization under particular constraints. With poor user information modeling, which is a common situation, a web site cannot be adapted to the current user. Assuming the current clickstream is the only known information about a web site user (no profile, no past sessions, no identification, no content analysis of viewed pages), we propose here a method to enrich the browsing context and enhance the current user model. In a batch mode, profile-based enriched navigation patterns are computed. In on-line mode, Navire, a personal agent and its matching rule engine continually re-adapts the browsing context with pre-calculated profiles. Based on the current up-to-date context, Navire personalizes the access to a web site.
In mobile computing, the efficient utilisation of the information gained from the sensors embedded in the devices is difficult. Instead of using raw measurement data application specifically, as currently is customary...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540403809
In mobile computing, the efficient utilisation of the information gained from the sensors embedded in the devices is difficult. Instead of using raw measurement data application specifically, as currently is customary, higher abstraction level semantic descriptions of the situation, context, can be used to develop mobile applications that are more usable. this article introduces an ontology of context constituents, which are derived from a set of sensors embedded in a mobile device. In other words, a semantic interface to the sensor data is provided. the ontology promotes the rapid development of mobile applications, more efficient use of resources, as well as reuse and sharing of information between communicating entities. A few mobile applications are presented to illustrate the possibilities of usingthe ontology.
Mobile telephony is increasing in use and is presently the most common mobile communication technology. Furthermore, the technological possibilities for context-aware features for mobile phones are increasing. the out...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540403809
Mobile telephony is increasing in use and is presently the most common mobile communication technology. Furthermore, the technological possibilities for context-aware features for mobile phones are increasing. the out-of-context communication that occurs from mobile telephony leads to a need for exploring how users deal with situational cues in order to evaluate proposed context-aware features. We present an exploratory case study of mobile telephone users where the communication situation is examined, in particular in relation to how users deal withcontext information. the study finds that users infer about context cues to a high degree and adapt accordingly. this indicates that context based features in mobile telephony should focus on the specific context measures when they are needed instead of focusing on general measures that are always available.
In "Demonstratives" Kaplan claims that the occurrence of a demonstrative must be supplemented by an act of demonstration, like a pointing (a feature of the objective context). Conversely in "Afterthough...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540403809
In "Demonstratives" Kaplan claims that the occurrence of a demonstrative must be supplemented by an act of demonstration, like a pointing (a feature of the objective context). Conversely in "Afterthoughts" Kaplan argues that the occurrence of a demonstrative must be supplemented by a directing intention (a feature of the intentional context). I present the two theories in competition and try to identify the constraints an intention must satisfy in order to have semantic relevance. My claim is that the analysis of demonstrative reference provides a reliable test for our intuitions on the relation between objective and intentional context. I argue that the speaker's intentions can play a semantic role only if they satisfy an Availability Constraint: an intention must be made available or communicated to the addressee, and for that purpose the speaker can exploit any feature of the objective context. this thesis implies the reconciliation between "Demonstratives" and "Afterthoughts".
context-aware application plays an important role in the ubiquitous computing (ubiComp) environment by providing the user with comprehensive services even without any explicitly triggered command. In this paper, we pr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540403809
context-aware application plays an important role in the ubiquitous computing (ubiComp) environment by providing the user with comprehensive services even without any explicitly triggered command. In this paper, we propose a unified context-aware application model which is an essential part to develop various applications in the ubiquitous computing environment. the proposed model affirms the independence between sensor and application by using a unified context in the form of Who (user identity), What (object identity), Where (location), When (time), Why (user intention/emotion) and How (user gesture), called 5W1H. It also ensures that the application exploits a relatively accurate context to trigger personalized services. To show usefulness of the proposed model, we apply it to the sensors and applications in the ubiHome, a test bed for ubiComp-enabled home applications. According to the experimental results, without loss of generality, we believe it can be extended to various context-aware applications in daily life.
this work discriminates external and internal visual context according to a recently determined terminology in computer vision. It is conceptually based on psychological findings in human perception that stress the ut...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540403809
this work discriminates external and internal visual context according to a recently determined terminology in computer vision. It is conceptually based on psychological findings in human perception that stress the utility of visual context in object detection processes. the paper outlines a machine vision detection system that analyzes external context and thereby gains prospective information from rapid scene analysis in order to focus attention on promising object locations. A probabilistic framework is defined to predict the occurrence of object detection events in video in order to significantly reduce the computational complexity involved in extensive object search. Internal context is processed using an innovative method to identify the object's topology from local object features. the rationale behind this methodology is the development of a generic cognitive detection system that aims at more robust, rapid and accurate event detection from streaming video. Performance implications are analyzed with reference to the application of logo detection in sport broadcasts and provide evidence for the crucial improvements achieved from the usage of visual context information.
this contribution examines the connectedness between the production and understanding of language, and between language use and context. It is firmly anchored to a relational conception of context and adapts Clark'...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540403809
this contribution examines the connectedness between the production and understanding of language, and between language use and context. It is firmly anchored to a relational conception of context and adapts Clark's [4] conception of language use as both cognitive and social. the introduction spells out the basic premises for assigning language production and understanding the statuses of social actions. the second part discusses the connectedness between language production, language understanding and communicative contribution by examining the premises for the differentiation between linguistic competence and communicative performance. the third part extends the micro frame of investigation by accommodating a further layer of context and contextual constraints: communicative genre [18]. Contrary to a communicative contribution, communicative genre is A collectively oriented macro category based on collaboration, cooperation [13], We-intentionality [23] and social intelligence [12]. It functions as a filter by constraining the production and understanding of possible micro communicative contributions in accordance with a particular macro goal.
In surgery, virtual and augmented reality are increasingly being used as new ways of training, preoperative planning, diagnosis and surgical navigation. Further development of virtual and augmented reality in medicine...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769519881
In surgery, virtual and augmented reality are increasingly being used as new ways of training, preoperative planning, diagnosis and surgical navigation. Further development of virtual and augmented reality in medicine is moving towards photorealistic rendering and patient specific modeling, permitting high fidelity visual examination and user interaction. this coincides withthe current development in Computer Vision and Graphics where image information is used directly to render novel views of a scene. these techniques require extensive use of geometric information about the scene and the purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the underlying techniques required for building patient specific models with photorealstic rendering. It also highlights some of the opportunities that image based modeling and rendering techniques can offer in the context of minimally invasive surgery.
the knowledge representation tradition in computational lexicon design represents words as static encapsulations of purely lexical knowledge. We suggest that this view poses certain limitations on the ability of the l...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540403809
the knowledge representation tradition in computational lexicon design represents words as static encapsulations of purely lexical knowledge. We suggest that this view poses certain limitations on the ability of the lexicon to generate nuance-laden and context-sensitive meanings, because word boundaries are obstructive, and the impact of non-lexical knowledge on meaning is unaccounted for. Hoping to address these problematics, we explore a context-centered approach to lexicon design called a Bubble Lexicon. Inspired by Ross Quillian's Semantic Memory System, we represent word-concepts as nodes on a symbolic-connectionist network. In a Bubble Lexicon, a word's meaning is defined by a dynamically grown context-sensitive bubble;thus giving a more natural account of systematic polysemy. Linguistic assembly tasks such as attribute attachment are made context-sensitive, and the incorporation of general world knowledge improves generative capability. Indicative trials over an implementation of the Bubble Lexicon lends support to our hypothesis that unpacking meaning from predefined word structures is a step toward a more natural handling of context in language.
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