this contribution examines the connectedness between the production and understanding of language, and between language use and context. It is firmly anchored to a relational conception of context and adapts Clark'...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540403809
this contribution examines the connectedness between the production and understanding of language, and between language use and context. It is firmly anchored to a relational conception of context and adapts Clark's [4] conception of language use as both cognitive and social. the introduction spells out the basic premises for assigning language production and understanding the statuses of social actions. the second part discusses the connectedness between language production, language understanding and communicative contribution by examining the premises for the differentiation between linguistic competence and communicative performance. the third part extends the micro frame of investigation by accommodating a further layer of context and contextual constraints: communicative genre [18]. Contrary to a communicative contribution, communicative genre is A collectively oriented macro category based on collaboration, cooperation [13], We-intentionality [23] and social intelligence [12]. It functions as a filter by constraining the production and understanding of possible micro communicative contributions in accordance with a particular macro goal.
In surgery, virtual and augmented reality are increasingly being used as new ways of training, preoperative planning, diagnosis and surgical navigation. Further development of virtual and augmented reality in medicine...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769519881
In surgery, virtual and augmented reality are increasingly being used as new ways of training, preoperative planning, diagnosis and surgical navigation. Further development of virtual and augmented reality in medicine is moving towards photorealistic rendering and patient specific modeling, permitting high fidelity visual examination and user interaction. this coincides withthe current development in Computer Vision and Graphics where image information is used directly to render novel views of a scene. these techniques require extensive use of geometric information about the scene and the purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the underlying techniques required for building patient specific models with photorealstic rendering. It also highlights some of the opportunities that image based modeling and rendering techniques can offer in the context of minimally invasive surgery.
the knowledge representation tradition in computational lexicon design represents words as static encapsulations of purely lexical knowledge. We suggest that this view poses certain limitations on the ability of the l...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540403809
the knowledge representation tradition in computational lexicon design represents words as static encapsulations of purely lexical knowledge. We suggest that this view poses certain limitations on the ability of the lexicon to generate nuance-laden and context-sensitive meanings, because word boundaries are obstructive, and the impact of non-lexical knowledge on meaning is unaccounted for. Hoping to address these problematics, we explore a context-centered approach to lexicon design called a Bubble Lexicon. Inspired by Ross Quillian's Semantic Memory System, we represent word-concepts as nodes on a symbolic-connectionist network. In a Bubble Lexicon, a word's meaning is defined by a dynamically grown context-sensitive bubble;thus giving a more natural account of systematic polysemy. Linguistic assembly tasks such as attribute attachment are made context-sensitive, and the incorporation of general world knowledge improves generative capability. Indicative trials over an implementation of the Bubble Lexicon lends support to our hypothesis that unpacking meaning from predefined word structures is a step toward a more natural handling of context in language.
In this paper we discuss the role of spatial context in interpreting and understanding actions from the perception of static images. Our proposal is that people use spatial context, which is to say the relations among...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540403809
In this paper we discuss the role of spatial context in interpreting and understanding actions from the perception of static images. Our proposal is that people use spatial context, which is to say the relations among objects, to infer actions and make predictions about future states even when no physical events are directly perceived. We begin by presenting an overview of relevant theories for action understanding. We then discuss the role of spatial context as a prerequisite for acting as well as for action goal attribution, by presenting and discussing an experimental study. the addressed question is how representation of motion in static images maps onto perception of an action goal. We tested the extent to which action representations attributed to a static stimulus can be changed when the physical relational properties of objects are manipulated. Results show that the goal attribution, considered as a highly informative component for the interpretation of the perceived action, is carried out by a contextual categorization process which takes into account boththe objects' physical and relational properties, and the semantic relationships between them.
this paper presents a technique for making neural networks context-sensitive by using a symbolic context-management system to manage their weights. Instead of having a very large network that itself must take context ...
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Nowadays, a great number of adaptive systems are successfully applied in a variety of domains. Educational systems are no exception. In this context, the boom in so-called learning communities has forced a change in u...
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this paper proposes a tool aiding decision makers in critical situations. the idea of this work consists in a modelling approach for Cooperative Knowledge Based Systems. this approach is based on a Task/Method paradig...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540408045
this paper proposes a tool aiding decision makers in critical situations. the idea of this work consists in a modelling approach for Cooperative Knowledge Based Systems. this approach is based on a Task/Method paradigm that we describe. We then propose to take into account collateral effects of tasks in order to support decision makers in a critical context. the proposed tool will then generate a degraded solution for which collateral effects of previous tasks have been taken into account.
Although it seems obvious that decision making is a contextual task, papers dealing with decision making tackle rarely the problem of contextual information management. After a brief presentation of our view on contex...
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Visualization of transportation projects has been shown to be a very effective way of communicating information between interested project parties [1]. In reviewed applications, visualization has been used primarily f...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769519881
Visualization of transportation projects has been shown to be a very effective way of communicating information between interested project parties [1]. In reviewed applications, visualization has been used primarily for communicating information on the geometric design, or as photorealistic representations that place trasportation projects within their existing or envisioned built or natural context. A review of examples of transportation visualization also indicates that visualization methods are mostly application specific. this paper focuses on the use of visualization during the construction process of highway projects to facilitate collaborative decision-making on construction scheduling and traffic planning. For the visualization of construction scheduling and traffic planning a 4D technology that makes use of a comprehensive 3D project database is proposed. the same 3D database can be also used for the development of photo-realistic animations that can facilitate the dissemination of traffic measures information to the traveling public during construction. this approach has been used during the construction of a section of a large-scale highway interchange project in Dallas, Texas.
this poster outlines a new approach for decentralized user modelling using a taxonomy of purposes that define a variety of context-dependent user modelling processes rather than creating and maintaining a single centr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540403817
this poster outlines a new approach for decentralized user modelling using a taxonomy of purposes that define a variety of context-dependent user modelling processes rather than creating and maintaining a single centralized user modelling server. this approach can be useful in distributed environments where autonomous agents develop user models independently and do not necessarily adhere to a common representation scheme.
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