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检索条件"任意字段=7th International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context"

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Backoff hierarchical class N-gram language modelling for automatic speech recognition systems 7

Backoff hierarchical class N-gram language modelling for aut...

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7th international conference on Spoken Language Processing, ICSLP 2002

作者： Zitouni, Imed Siohan, Olivier Kuo, Hong-Kwang Jeff Lee, Chin-Hui Bell Labs Lucent Technologies 600 Mountain Avenue Murray HillNJ07974 United States School of Computing National University of Singapore Singapore

In this paper, we propose an extension of the backoff word n-gram language model that allows a better likelihood estimation of unseen events. Instead of using the (n-1)-gram to estimate the probability of an unseen n-gram, the proposed approach uses a class hierarchy to define a context which is more general than the unseen n-gram but more specific than the (n-1)-gram. Each node in the hierarchy is a class containing all the words of the descendant nodes (classes). Hence, the closer a node is to the root, the more general the corresponding class is. Performance is evaluated both in terms of test perplexity and word error rate (WER) on a simplified WSJ database. Experiments show an improvement of more than 26% on the unseen events perplexity.

关键词： modeling languages

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Reducing pronunciation lexicon confusion and using more data without phonetic transcription for pronunciation modeling 7

Reducing pronunciation lexicon confusion and using more data...

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7th international conference on Spoken Language Processing, ICSLP 2002

作者： Zheng, Fang Song, Zhanjiang Fung, Pascale Byrne, William Center of Speech Technology State Key Lab of Intelligent Technology and Systems Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua Univ. Beijing100084 China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong Univ. of Science and Technology Hong Kong Center for Language and Speech Processing Johns Hopkins Univ. United States Beijing D-Ear Technologies Co. Ltd. China

the multiple-pronunciation lexicon (MPL) is very important to model the pronunciation variations for spontaneous speech recognition. But the introduction of MPL brings out two problems. First, the MPL will increase the among-lexicon confusion and degrade the recognizer's performance. Second, the MPL needs more data with phonetic transcription so as to cover as many surface forms as possible. Accordingly, two solutions are proposed, they are the context-dependent weighting method and the iterative forced-alignment based transcription method. the use of them can compensate what the MPL causes and improve the overall performance. Experiments across a naturally spontaneous speech database show that the proposed methods are effective and better than other methods.

关键词： Iterative methods

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A generic approach for interfacing VRML browsers to various input devices and creating customizable 3D applications 02

A generic approach for interfacing VRML browsers to various ...

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7th international conference on 3D Web Technology, Web3D '02

作者： Althoff, Frank Stocker, Herbert McGlaun, Gregor Lang, Manfred K. Institute for Human-Machine-Communication Technical University of Munich Arcisstr. 16 80290 Munich Germany Blaxxun Interactive Elsenheimerstr. 61-63 80687 Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)1581134681

In this work we present a generic architecture for interfacing various input devices to VRML browsers. Concentrating on the aspect of navigation, our system supports the full range of potential input devices from conventional haptic devices like keyboard and mouse over special Virtual-Reality devices like spacemouse and joystick to, as a special feature, semantically higher level input like speech and gesture recognition. the communication between the individual components of the system is based on a context free grammar, allowing abstract modeling of the various devices and handling both discrete and continuous navigation information. Two new node extensions support the VRML author in creating highly customizable 3D applications: the DeviceSensor node allows grabbing arbitrary user input in a systematic way and the Camera node gives full control over the scene view by specifying velocity vectors and thus enabling arbitrary navigation modes. Finally, the proof of concept is given by a prototypical implementation in VRML. Copyright 2002 ACM.

关键词： context free grammars

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modeling the perception of frequency-shifted vowels 7

Modeling the perception of frequency-shifted vowels

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7th international conference on Spoken Language Processing, ICSLP 2002

作者： Assmann, Peter F. Nearey, Terrance M. Scott, Jack M. School of Human Development University of Texas at Dallas RichardsonTX75083 United States Department of Linguistics University of Alberta EdmontonABT6G 2E7 Canada

A significant fact about speech perception is that intelligibility is preserved when the spectrum is shifted up or down along the frequency scale, across a fairly wide range. To study the relationship between fundamental frequency (F0) and spectrum envelope shifts in vowel perception, we used a high-quality vocoder (STRAIGHT) to process a set of vowels spoken by 3 adult males in/hVd/context. Identification accuracy dropped by about 30% when the spectrum envelope was scaled upwards by a factor of 2.0, and in a separate condition, by about 50% when F0 was raised by 2 octaves. However, when spectrum envelope and F0 were both increased at the same time, identification accuracy showed a marked improvement, compared to conditions where each cue was manipulated separately. the synergy between formant frequency and F0 was predicted by a model which accounts for the intelligibility of frequency-shifted vowels in terms of learned relationships between measured values of F0 and formant frequencies. A second model, based on auditory excitation patterns, predicted the main effects of F0 and spectrum envelope, but did not predict the pattern of interaction.

关键词： Natural frequencies

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Petri-net-based context-related access control in workflow environment

Petri-net-based context-related access control in workflow e...

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international conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design

作者： Xin Dong Gang Chen Jianwei Yin Jinxiang Dong State Key Laboratory of CAD & CG University of Zhejiang Hangzhou Zhejiang China

ISBN: (纸本)8528500500

Access control, which is one of the most important aspects of security services, is becoming increasingly an important challenge in workflow management systems. However, the traditional models of access control, such as the role-based access control (RBAC), are static models without recognition of the dynamic environments in which the workflows are rooted. these context-independent models rarely can meet the requirements that the highly dynamic environments raise. In this paper, we regard authorization as a dynamic process instead of the traditional static view and take two contextual factors into account: (1) the state of related authorization processes; and (2) the state of related process instances. then, we propose a Petri-net-based model as a practical solution to the context-sensitive access control on this basis.

关键词： Access control context modeling Authorization Workflow management software Permission Automation Books Virtual groups

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An object model for collaborative CAD environments

An object model for collaborative CAD environments

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international conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design

作者： C.A.M. Barbosa M. Dreux J. Bento B. Feijo R. Melo S. Scheer Institute of Computing UFG Brazil Department of Mechanical Engineering PUC-Rio Brazil Technical University of Lisbon Poland CESEC/TC UFPR Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)8528500500

this paper presents a distributed dynamic object model that is aligned with the concept of design history in the context of design problem solving activities. A distributed object model is proposed as an enabling feature for distributed CAD (computer-aided design) allowing teams to work cooperatively, accessing and exchanging information at run time in a distributed engineering environment. the architecture of the proposed CAD environment allows for the artefact properties to be associated with any relevant aspect of the design process, including those related with the artefact specification, but also with the organisation hierarchy, planning and process workflow.

关键词： Collaboration Design automation Object oriented modeling Virtual prototyping Design engineering Process design Solid modeling Data models Object oriented databases Relational databases

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A feature-based collaborative CAD system

A feature-based collaborative CAD system

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international conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design

作者： Liangjun Zhang Min Tang Ruofeng Tong Jinxiang Dong State Key Laboratory of CAD & CG Artificial Intelligence Institute University of Zhejiang Hangzhou Zhejiang China

ISBN: (纸本)8528500500

With the intensification of the competition in manufacture, the distributed technology, whose aim is to promote product design process, has changed the traditional CAD serial design approach. But the distributed design systems also bring some new problems such as design conflict. To avoid this inconsistent situation, there must be some coordination mechanisms. At the same time, these mechanisms must not constrain the freedom of the designers too much to take their creativity away. this paper introduces a feature-based distributed CAD system to support this collaborative work. We analyze the reason of the design conflict. For addressing this conflict, we present feature-based concurrency operation model. In such model, the feature is the basic atom that can be locked and excluded from other designers using. Comparing with part level concurrency system, this mechanism doesn't limit the design flexibility too much.

关键词： Collaboration Design automation Collaborative work Network servers Product design Concurrent computing context modeling Collaborative tools Laboratories Character generation

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Providing help for visually impaired people’s navigation in an urban environment using GPS 8

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8th international conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs, ICCHP 2002

作者： Guillet, Vivien Rumpler, Beatrice Pinon, Jean-Marie INSA de Lyon LISI - Dpt. Informatique 7 Avenue J. Capelle Bat. 502 Blaise Pascal VilleurbanneCEDEX F-69621 France

ISBN: (纸本)3540439048

the goal of our project ("Ouvej") is to conceive and realize a navigation helping system for disabled, and more specifically visually impaired people, designed around a Global Positioning System (GPS). In this article, we firstly describe the general situation of navigation in an urban environment for disabled people and the context in which our project takes place. then we describe the global architecture of the project and the prototype that has already been built. In the third part, we clarify the expected profits of using User modeling (UM) and Case Based Reasoning (CBR) techniques and then describe our user model. Finally, we indicate our plans and future works. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002.

关键词： Navigation

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Towards a new set of tools for a collaborative design environment

Towards a new set of tools for a collaborative design enviro...

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international conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design

作者： V. Riboulet P. Marin J.-C. Leon Laboratory &#x001C Sols-Solides-Structures&#x011D (3S) Grenoble France

Collaborative design is a major industrial issue, where people from different expertise fields strongly need to cooperate. New Internet Collaboration Tools (ICT) possibilities now allow design processes to be hold over distributed teams. Our goal is to define a collaborative environment based on Internet technologies: Techniques, methods, and tools for CSCW in design. From the design experiment of an electromechanical plunger hold over Internet and involving mechanical and electrical engineers, this paper looks at their collaborative design activity. this leads us to present now communication tools, dedicated to specific tasks that are actually not supported, especially shared concept formalization among technical experts.

关键词： Collaborative tools Collaboration Internet Collaborative work Solid modeling context Process design Manufacturing processes Design automation Laboratories

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Human motion tracking in outdoor environment

Human motion tracking in outdoor environment

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international conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV)

作者： A. Branca P. Spagnolo G. Attolico A. Distante CNR Istituto di Studi sui Sistemi Intelligenti per I'Automazione Bari Italy

In this paper we describe a people tracking system addressing the visual surveillance of outdoor environments. this context involves the detection of objects moving in a sequence of images acquired by a TV camera and the recognition and tracking of human figures to allow the analysis of their gestures. the proposed tracking approach does not consider the human body parts as features to be tracked, nor uses a priori body models. Moreover, also classical prediction models are useless in the specific context (visual surveillance of archaeological sites) because the behaviors identified as illegal imply a sequence of unpredictable gestures performed in a small area. the proposed method is based on the estimation of similarity between human figures segmented in the temporal sequence. the similarity score is estimated as a function of the number of corresponding feature points. the system has been verified on real image sequences acquired by a static TV camera while the gestures normally performed by intruders were simulated in a real archaeological site.

关键词： Humans Tracking Surveillance TV Cameras Biological system modeling Object detection Image recognition Image analysis Image sequence analysis

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