the paper examines the determination of the explicit content of communication via inferential Processes based on the speakers' situational interests. the paper's argument is based on the hypothesis that the me...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642242786
the paper examines the determination of the explicit content of communication via inferential Processes based on the speakers' situational interests. the paper's argument is based on the hypothesis that the meaning of natural language expressions depends on the situational extra-linguistic interests of speakers. It is maintained that interests affect the sentences of natural language when semantic conventions, semantic context, and pragmatic context are unable to determine a unique meaning for a sentence. In particular, the paper addresses the question of the determination of meaning via inference where the speaker's interest is a premise for communicative inferences. the notion of interest is viewed as (preference for) a state of affairs which implies the possibility conditions of the agent's goal. the context of interests is viewed as the set of states of affairs that make a sentence true and contemporaneously satisfy the situational interests of the speaker. the last part of the paper illustrates a real-life case of linguistic dispute.
When designing and implementing real world ambient intelligent systems we are in need of applicable information systems engineering methods. the tools we find in the intelligent systems area focus on the knowledge eng...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642242786
When designing and implementing real world ambient intelligent systems we are in need of applicable information systems engineering methods. the tools we find in the intelligent systems area focus on the knowledge engineering parts, whereas traditional software engineering techniques are usually not designed withthe peculiarities of intelligent systems design in mind. this holds in particular for explanation-aware intelligent systems. this work looks at problem frames for explanations and investigates how problem frames can be used to elicit, analyse, and specify these specific requirements. the point of departure is an existing ambient intelligent information system for the hospital ward domain. the work presented here analyses how such a system can be redesigned with a focus on explanation-awareness.
Scientific-Workflow (SWF) management is similar to practice management. However, SWFs are stored in a repository as independent items that are reused by other actors after a complex process of contextualization, decon...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642242786
Scientific-Workflow (SWF) management is similar to practice management. However, SWFs are stored in a repository as independent items that are reused by other actors after a complex process of contextualization, decontextualization and recontextualization. Conversely, practices are contextualized procedures applicable in different contexts. SWFs are collected in repositories in a flat way independently of each other, while practices can be organized in a uniform representation of elements of knowledge, reasoning and contexts. this paper shows that SWF management may benefit of the contextual approach used for representing procedures and practices. We propose a three-step approach, namely a support to scientist for finding the right SWF in the repository, a generation of all the possible SWFs in a situation, and the interactive development of SWFs. thus, a SWF system will be flexible enough to acquire new knowledge incrementally and learn new ways for SWF building from scientists. A challenge for the short term is the possibility to model cooperation by the coupling of actors' task representation through a shared context.
Digital Preservation is an important challenge for the information society. Reliable information and communication technology is crucial for most companies and software failure, is a considerable risk. Use of technolo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642242786
Digital Preservation is an important challenge for the information society. Reliable information and communication technology is crucial for most companies and software failure, is a considerable risk. Use of technologies such as Software as a Service (SaaS) and Internet of Services (IoS) means that business processes are increasingly supported by distributed, service oriented systems. We propose a concept and methods for capturing of contextual information, event causality and timing for Digital Preservation of distributed business processes and services. the architecture is derived from an architecture for monitoring sensing systems. We add a reasoner that can check whether processes adhere to explicit contracts and detect behavior anomalies, and we sketch how an inductive learner can be used to detect anomalies not covered by these contracts.
Most multiagent systems (MAS) either assume cooperation on the part of the agents or assume that the agents are completely self-interested, for example, in the case of bidding and other market-based approaches. Howeve...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642242786
Most multiagent systems (MAS) either assume cooperation on the part of the agents or assume that the agents are completely self-interested, for example, in the case of bidding and other market-based approaches. However, an interesting class of MAS is one that is fundamentally cooperative, yet open, and in which one or more of the agents may be self-interested. In such systems, there is the potential for agents to misbehave, i.e., to be miscreants. Detecting this is tricky and context-dependent. Even more difficult is the problem of detecting collusion between agents. In this paper, we report on a project that is beginning to address this problem using a context-based approach. Features of the MAS' situation are used by a subset of the agents to identify it as an instance of one or more known contexts. Knowledge the agent(s) have about those contexts can then be used to directly detect miscreant behavior or collusion or to select the appropriate technique for the context with which to do so. the work is based on context-mediated behavior (CoMB), and it develops a new form of collusion detection called society-level analysis of motives (SLAM).
Spiking neural networks are promising candidates for representing aspects of cognitive context in human memory. We extended the liquid state machine model with time-delayed connections from liquid neurons to the reado...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642242786
Spiking neural networks are promising candidates for representing aspects of cognitive context in human memory. We extended the liquid state machine model with time-delayed connections from liquid neurons to the readout unit to better capture context phenomena. We performed experiments in the area of spoken language recognition for studying two aspects of context dependency: influence of memory and temporal context. For the experiments, we derived a test data set from the well-known Brody-Hopfield test set to which we added varying degrees of Gaussian noise. We studied the influence of temporal context with a further specially designed test set. We found that the temporal context encoded in the pattern to be recognized was recognized better with our delayed synapses than without. Our experiments shed light on how context serves to integrate information and to increase robustness in human signal processing.
Mobile phone games are played in context. Although such information has been used in several prototypes, very few context-aware games have made it beyond the research lab. In our research, we investigate how the devel...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642242786
Mobile phone games are played in context. Although such information has been used in several prototypes, very few context-aware games have made it beyond the research lab. In our research, we investigate how the development of context-aware games needs to be changed such that their commercialization is more feasible and they can be deployed more easily. Based on the findings of the creation and evaluation of a context-based game called contextSnake, we developed a platform named Gatherer which frees the developer from the burden of collecting, preprocessing, storing, and interpreting raw sensor data. We introduce the novel concept of generic context which enables the use of context in mobile applications without having detailed information about the actual environment in which the system will be deployed. In order to preliminarily validate the platform, a second game called contextInvaders developed on top of this platform is described.
context aware applications are reactive, they adapt to an entity's context when the context has changed. In order to become proactive and act before the context actually has changed future contexts have to be pred...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642242786
context aware applications are reactive, they adapt to an entity's context when the context has changed. In order to become proactive and act before the context actually has changed future contexts have to be predicted. this will enable functionalities like preloading of content or detection of future conflicts. For example if an application can predict where a user is heading to it can also check for train delays on the user's way. So far research concentrates on context prediction algorithms that only use a history of one context to predict the future context. In this paper we propose a novel multidimensional context prediction algorithm and we show that the use of multidimensional context histories increases the prediction accuracy. We compare two multidimensional prediction algorithms, one of which is a new approach;the other was not yet experimentally tested. In theory, simulation and a real world experiment we verify the feasibility of both algorithms and show that our new approach has at least equal or better reasoning accuracy.
In pervasive environments, presence-based application development via Presence Management Systems (PMSs) is a key factor to optimise the management of communication channels, driving productivity increase. Solutions f...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642242786
In pervasive environments, presence-based application development via Presence Management Systems (PMSs) is a key factor to optimise the management of communication channels, driving productivity increase. Solutions for presence management should satisfy the interoperability requirements, in turn providing context-centric presence analysis and privacy management. In order to push PMSs towards flexible, open and context-aware presence management, we propose some adaptation of two extensions to standard XML-based XMPP for message exchange in online communication systems. the contribution allows for more complex specification and management of nested group and privacy lists, where semantic technologies are used to map all messages into RDF vocabularies and pave the way for a broader semantic integration of heterogeneous and distributed presence information sources in the standard PMSs framework.
Web search behavior is being diversified. And the diversification of web search behavior makes query both sporadic and non-sequential. In this case, it is difficult to understand why and how users search any informati...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642242786
Web search behavior is being diversified. And the diversification of web search behavior makes query both sporadic and non-sequential. In this case, it is difficult to understand why and how users search any information. context of web search makes it possible to classify sporadic and non-sequential queries according to each interest. However, only the user him/herself can identify the context of web search behavior exactly. Hence, it is necessary to conduct a client-side research in which users are deeply engaged. the purpose of this research is to develop and apply the methodology that systematically examines the web search behavior and its context. To achieve this, (1) client-side log data is collected, then participants (2) clustered the queries based on context and (3) filled in a questionnaire as to each clustered queries. Also, interviews were conducted in each person. the finding of this study is that the features of UCQS are different from previous studies. Furthermore, we identified the flow of users' web search behavior.
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