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7th IWA International symposium on Waste Management Problems in Agro-Industries

作者： Wett, B. Schoen, M. Phothilangka, P. Wackerle, F. Insam, H. Univ Innsbruck Inst Infrastruct A-6020 Innsbruck Austria MCI A-6020 Innsbruck Austria ARC Seibersdorf Res GmbH Studio BioTreaT A-6020 Innsbruck Austria

ISBN: (纸本)1843395940

Different digestion technologies for various substrates are addressed by the generic process description of Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1. In the case of manure or agricultural wastes a priori knowledge about the substrate in terms of ADM1 compounds is lacking and influent characterisation becomes a major issue. the actual project has been initiated for promotion of biogas technology in agriculture and for expansion of profitability also to rather small capacity systems. In order to avoid costly individual planning and installation of each facility a standardised design approach needs to be elaborated. this intention pleads for bio kinetic modelling as a systematic tool for process design and optimisation. Cofermentation under field conditions was observed, quality data and flow data were recorded and mass flow balances were calculated. In the laboratory different substrates have been digested separately in parallel under specified conditions. A configuration of four ADM1 model reactors was set up. Model calibration identified disintegration rate, decay rates for sugar degraders and half saturation constant for sugar as the three most sensitive parameters showing values (except the latter) about one order of magnitude higher than default parameters. Finally, the model is applied to the comparison of different reactor configurations and volume partitions. Another optimisation objective is robustness and load flexibility, i.e. the same configuration should be adaptive to different load situations only by a simple recycle control in order to establish a standardised design.

关键词： ADM1 agricultural wastes anaerobic digestion biogas manure modelling

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Tritium control modelling for a helium cooled lithium-lead blanket of a fusion power reactor

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FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2006年第1-7期81卷 753-762页

作者： Farabolini, W Ciampichetti, A Dabbene, F Fütterer, MA Giancarli, L Laffont, G Puma, AL Raboin, S Poitevin, Y Ricapito, I Sardain, P CEA Saclay DEN F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette France Politecn Torino DENER Turin Italy JRC Petten NL-1755 ZG Petten Netherlands CEN Cadarache DEN F-13108 St Paul Les Durance France CSU EFDA Garching Germany RSI SISTEMI Milan Italy

In this paper, we present computations linking the tritium release rate to the characteristics of lithium-lead and helium cooling circuits. Impacting component performances are evaluated such as tritium permeation towards the He coolant in the blanket modules, lithium-lead circulation rate, tritium extraction unit efficiency, tritium permeation in steam generator, helium coolant leak rate, helium purification unit maximum flow rate and efficiency. Safety considerations are also taken into account. A finite element model (FEM) for tritium permeation was developed considering various phenomena such as tritium transport by convection and diffusion in lithium-lead, MHD effects on liquid metal flows, tritium permeation in structures with temperature gradients. Other sub-system performances, like He leak rate and efficiency of tritium extraction systems, are discussed via an engineering approach. the results show that a reasonable compromise among the various requirements can be found, leading to technologically achievable requirements for tritium permeation barriers, tritium extraction systems both from Pb-17Li and He, and leak rates from the He cooling system. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： tritium permeation fusion blanket lithium-lead

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Tritium control modelling for a helium cooled lithium-lead blanket of a fusion power reactor

Tritium control modelling for a helium cooled lithium-lead b...

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7th International symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology

关键词： tritium permeation fusion blanket lithium-lead

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Fiber optics technique for quality control and monitoring of FRP installations 7

Fiber optics technique for quality control and monitoring of...

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7th International symposium on Fiber- Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement for Reinforced Concrete Structures, FRPRCS 2005

作者： Antonucci, Vincenza Giordano, Michele Prota, Andrea Institute for Composites and Biomedical Materials Italian National Research Council Italy University of Naples Federico II Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9780870311895

Advantages such as light weight, high mechanical properties and resistance to aggressive and chemical agents, non invasive installation, low tooling and machinery costs, possibility to repair the structure without interrupting its use have determined great expectation on Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites for the strengthening of civil structures. However, their diffusion is often limited by the lack of procedures and methods to assess the quality of installations. the main focus of this paper is to present a non destructive methodology based on a fiber optic refractometer for the quality control of FRP wet lay-up systems. After summarizing the basic parameters necessary for monitoring the cure reaction and introducing the principles of the proposed technique, some preliminary experimental tests are discussed. the analysis of laboratory outcomes allows identifying the aspects that need further research before the proposed technique can be implemented as a field tool for quality assessment of FRP installations. © 2005 American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quality control

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modelling and control of reactive distillation systems 7th

Modelling and control of reactive distillation systems

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7th International symposium on Advanced control of Chemical Processes, ADCHEM 2003

作者： Tadé, Moses O. Bisowarno, Budi H. Tian, Yu-Chu Department of Chemical Engineering Curtin University of Technology GPO Box U1987 PerthWA6845 Australia

Reactive distillation (RD) is an integrated functionality of reactor and distillation, which is gradually becoming an important unit operation in chemical process industry. Process modelling is crucial because different applications have different requirements. In this work, the status of the current modelling techniques and their significance on process development are discussed. Strategies to tackle the control problems associated with complex dynamics are also discussed. RD for ETBE production is used as a case study. Set-point optimisation is presented to show the effects on chemical-physical interactions on profitability. Research gaps for future directions are identified. Copyright © IFAC 2003

关键词： Distillation

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Dynamic modelling of a three-phase catalytic slurry reactor considering the phase change phenomenon 7th

Dynamic modelling of a three-phase catalytic slurry reactor ...

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7th IFAC symposium on Dynamics and control of Process systems, DYCOPS 2004

作者： Mariano, Adriano Pinto de Toledo, Eduardo Coselli Vasco da Silva, José Marcos Francisco Filho, Rubens Maciel CP 6066 Campinas SPCEP 13081-970 Brazil

this work deals with the development of a model capable to simulate via deterministic modelling the phenomenon of phase change observed in three-phase catalytic slurry reactors, that occurs in the reacting medium and in the refrigerant fluid. A dynamic heterogeneous non-isothermal model was formulated to evaluate the impact of this phenomenon in the dynamic behaviour of the reactor. A multicomponent flash calculation was used to reproduce this effect in the reacting medium and an appropriate correction procedure of the global coefficient of heat transfer to analyse the effect in the refrigerant fluid. © IFAC Dynamics and control of Process systems, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 2004

关键词： Heat transfer

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Gaussian process regression for batch process modelling 7th

Gaussian process regression for batch process modelling

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7th IFAC symposium on Dynamics and control of Process systems, DYCOPS 2004

作者： Ou, Xiaoling Morris, Julian Martin, Elaine Centre for Process Analytics and Control Technology School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials University of Newcastle Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU United Kingdom

this paper proposes the application of Gaussian process regression for the empirical modelling of batch processes to provide long range predictions. Gaussian processes are flexible, non-parametric Bayesian regression techniques. In the training stage, hyper-parameters that define the covariance structure of the Gaussian process can be obtained using Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling. Model predictions can then be achieved by taking the average of the Monte Carlo samples. the proposed technique is evaluated by application to a benchmark simulation of a fed-batch bioreactor. the results show that comparable results can be achieved with other non-parametric modelling approaches such as recurrent neural networks. © IFAC Dynamics and control of Process systems, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 2004

关键词： Monte Carlo methods

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Error detection and control in grey-box identification of distributed parameter processes 7th

Error detection and control in grey-box identification of di...

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7th IFAC symposium on Dynamics and control of Process systems, DYCOPS 2004

作者： Liu, Yi Jacobsen, Elling W. Automatic Control Dept. of Signals Sensors and Systems Royal Institute of Technology StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden

A systematic approach to grey-box identification of distributed parameter processes is proposed. the principle idea is to integrate a novel moving finite element method for model reduction, *** toolbox MoCaVa for grey-box modelling of lumped parameter systems. A method is proposed for separating the model reduction error from discrepancies between model structure and measurement data, based on estimating the model reduction error in combination with simple hypothesis testing. this method can be used for validating the PDE structure as well as the order of the reduced model. To keep the model order at a minimum, the reduced model is augmented with a mesh controller, which uses error feedback to determine the size and location of the finite elements. © IFAC Dynamics and control of Process systems, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 2004

关键词： Errors

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Population balance model for cellular processes in biological systems: Biochemical and biomedical applications 7th

Population balance model for cellular processes in biologica...

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7th IFAC symposium on Dynamics and control of Process systems, DYCOPS 2004

作者： Immanuel, Charles David Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology Imperial College LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom

In this paper, tho generic problem of the development of a population balance model for those biological systems involving cellular processes is discussed. Such models are of interest for bioreactor optimisation and control. as well as for different biomedical problems including the study of cancer. the generic model and its features are presented, serving partly to consolidate the studies that have been reported in the literature already. the major-challenges and issues with this problem are highlighted. One of the challenges is with respect to the solution technique for these complex models, which issue is addressed here. the algorithm proposed for solving these complex models is baaed on a hierarchical two-tier solution strategy that, has been proposed previously (Immanud and Doyle, III, Chem. Eng. Sci., 2003). the two-tier strategy involves Che calculation of the rates of sub-processes that contribute to the population dynamics in the first tier, with the population itself being updated in the second tier. this in turn enables performing a major portion of the calculations off-line (once at the start of the simulation), thereby achieving a major reduction in the computational load. tho algorithm is implemented on a six-dimensional population balance bioreactor model. Copyright © IFAC Dynamics and control of Process systems. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 2004

关键词： Biological systems

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Stochastic grey-box modelling as a tool for improving the quality of first engineering principles models 7th

Stochastic grey-box modelling as a tool for improving the qu...

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7th International symposium on Advanced control of Chemical Processes, ADCHEM 2003

作者： Kristensen, Niels Rode Madsen, Henrik Jørgensen, Sten Bay Department of Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark Building 229 LyngbyDK-2800 Denmark Informatics and Mathematical Modelling Technical University of Denmark Building 321 LyngbyDK-2800 Denmark

A systematic: framework for improving the quality of first engineering principles models using experimental data is presented. the framework is based on stochastic grey-box modelling and incorporates statistical tests and nonparametric regression in a manner that permits systematic iterative model improvement. More specifically, the proposed framework provides features that allow model deficiencies to be pinpointed and their structural origin to be uncovered through estimation of unknown functional relations. the performance of the proposed framework is illustrated through a case study involving a model of a fed-batch bioreactor, where it is shown how an incorrectly modelled biomass growth rate can be uncovered and a more appropriate functional relation inferred. Copyright © IFAC 2003

关键词： Stochastic systems

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