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2005 acm sigplan symposium on principles and Practise of parallel programming, PROPP 05

作者： Hanrahan, Pat Stanford University Gates Computer Science Building Stanford CA 94305-4070 Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Stanford University

ISBN: (纸本)9781595930804

NVIDIA has claimed that their graphics processors (or GPUs) are improving at a rate three times faster than Moore's Law for processors. A $25 GPU is rated from 50-100 gigaflops and approximately 1 teraop (8-bit ops). Alongside this increase in performance is new functionality. the most recent innovation is user-programmable vertex and fragment stages that allow GPUs to compute a wide range of new visual effects enabling movie-quality games. Announced chips have as many as 200 programmable floating point units operating in parallel. the result is that the latest generation of commodity graphics and game chips are powerful data-parallel computers. Why are these graphics processors so fast? Will the future performance of GPUs continue to increase faster than CPUs? Can these GPUs be used for scientific computing? And, if so, how might they be programmed?

关键词： parallel processing systems

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User-controllable coherence for high performance shared memory multiprocessors 03

User-controllable coherence for high performance shared memo...

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9th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： McCurdy, C Fischer, C Univ Wisconsin Dept Comp Sci Madison WI 53706 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135886

In programming high performance applications, shared address-space platforms are preferable for fine-grained computation, while distributed address-space platforms are more suitable for coarse-grained computation. However, currently only distributed address-space systems scale beyond the low hundreds of processors. In this paper we introduce a hybrid architecture that allows users to trade off local memory usage for coherence communication, making possible larger-scale shared memory architectures. We introduce a programming model and examine possible implementations of hardware mechanisms, evaluating some of the trade-offs inherent in each. Preliminary experiments on an application with particularly fine-grained communication requirements indicate that effective placement of directives can reduce coherence communication by more than a factor of 10 for 64 processors.

关键词： performance design languages parallel computation shared memory architectures distributed memory architectures irregular computation

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ARMI: An adaptive, platform independent communication library 03

ARMI: An adaptive, platform independent communication librar...

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9th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Saunders, S Rauchwerger, L Texas A&M Univ Dept Comp Sci College Stn TX 77843 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135886

ARMI is a communication library that provides a framework for expressing fine-grain parallelism and mapping it to a particular machine using shared-memory and message passing library calls. the library is an advanced implementation of the RMI protocol and handles low-level details such as scheduling incoming communication and aggregating outgoing communication to coarsen parallelism when necessary. these details can be tuned for different platforms to allow user codes to achieve the highest performance possible without manual modification. ARMI is used by STAPL, our generic parallel library, to provide a portable, user transparent communication layer, We present the basic design as well as the mechanisms used in the current Pthreads/OpenMP, MPI implementations and/or a combination thereof. Performance comparisons between ARMI and explicit use of Pthreads or MPI are given on a variety of machines, including an HP V2200, SGI Origin 3800, IBM Regatta-HPC and IBM RS6000 SP cluster.

关键词： languages RMI MPI pthreads OpenMP RPC run-time system communication library parallel programming

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Using generative design patterns to generate parallel code for a distributed memory environment 03

Using generative design patterns to generate parallel code f...

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9th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Tan, K Szafron, D Schaeffer, J Anvik, J MacDonald, S Univ Alberta Dept Comp Sci Edmonton AB T6G 2E8 Canada Univ Waterloo Sch Comp Sci Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135886

A design pattern is a mechanism for encapsulating the knowledge of experienced designers into a re-usable artifact. parallel design patterns reflect commonly occurring parallel communication and synchronization structures. Our tools, CO2P3S (Correct Object-Oriented Pattern-based parallel programming System) and MetaCO(2)P(3)S, use generative design patterns. A programmer selects the parallel design patterns that are appropriate for an application, and then adapts the patterns for that specific application by selecting from a small set of code-configuration options. CO2P3S then generates a custom framework for the application that includes all of the structural code necessary for the application to ran in parallel. the programmer is only required to write simple code that launches the application and to fill in some application-specific sequential hook routines. We use generative design patterns to take an application specification (parallel design patterns + sequential user code) and use it to generate parallel application code that achieves good performance in shared memory and distributed memory environments. Although our implementations are for Java, the approach we describe is tool and language independent. this paper describes generalizing CO2P3S to generate distributed-memory parallel solutions.

关键词： performance design reliability languages parallel programming design patterns frameworks programming tools

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Compactly representing parallel program executions 03

Compactly representing parallel program executions

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9th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Goel, A Roychoudhury, A Mitra, T Natl Univ Singapore Sch Comp Singapore 117543 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135886

Collecting a program's execution profile is important for many reasons: code optimization, memory layout, program debugging and program comprehension. Path based execution profiles are more detailed than count based execution profiles, since they present the order of execution of the various blocks in a program: modules, procedures, basic blocks etc. Recently, online string compression techniques have been employed for collecting compact representations of sequential program executions. In this paper, we show how a similar approach can be taken for shared memory parallel programs. Our compaction scheme yields one to two orders of magnitude compression compared to the uncompressed parallel program trace on some of the SPLASH benchmarks. Our compressed execution traces contain detailed information about synchronization and control/data flow which can be exploited for post-mortem analysis. In particular, information in our compact execution traces are useful for accurate data race detection (detecting unsynchronized shared variable accesses that occurred in the execution).

关键词： algorithms measurement path profiling program path compression dynamic program analysis

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Impala: a middleware system for managing autonomic, parallel sensor systems 03

Impala: a middleware system for managing autonomic, parallel...

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9th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Liu, T Martonosi, M Princeton Univ Dept Comp Sci Princeton NJ 08544 USA Princeton Univ Dept Elect Engn Princeton NJ 08544 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135886

Sensor networks are long-running computer systems with many sensing/compute nodes working to gather information about their environment, process and fuse that information, and in some cases, actuate control mechanisms in response. Like traditional parallel systems, communication between nodes is of fundamental importance, but is typically accomplished via wireless transceivers. One further key attribute of sensor networks is that they are almost always long-running systems, intended to operate in situ, with minimal direct human intervention, for months or years. this requirement for long-running autonomy mandates careful design of the runtime system that manages applications on each node, to ensure reliability and ease of upgrades over the life of the system. this paper describes Impala, a middleware architecture that enables application modularity, adaptivity, and repair-ability in wireless sensor networks. Impala allows software updates to be received via the node's wireless transceiver and to be applied to the running system dynamically. In addition, Impala also provides an interface for on-the-fly application adaptation in order to improve the performance, energy-efficiency, and reliability of the software system. Impala has been designed to be a part of the ZebraNet mobile sensor network, but we are also prototyping it within HP/Compaq iPAQ Pocket PC handhelds. We present performance data for both real system measurements of the Pocket PC version as well as simulations of a full mobile sensor system deployment. Overall, Impala is a lightweight runtime system that can greatly improve system reliability, performance, and energy-efficiency. the ideas introduced here for sensor networks have applicability more broadly in other long-running autonomous parallel systems as well.

关键词： design experimentation performance sensor networks middleware system software adaptation software update

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Phoenix: A parallel programming model for accommodating dynamically joining/leaving resources 03

Phoenix: A parallel programming model for accommodating dyna...

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2003 acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Taura, Kenjiro Endo, Toshio Kaneda, Kenji Yonezawa, Akinori University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan PRESTO JST 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781581135886

this paper proposes Phoenix, a programming model for writing parallel and distributed applications that accommodate dynamically joining/leaving compute resources. In the proposed model, nodes involved in an application see a large and fixed virtual node name space. they communicate via messages, whose destinations are specified by virtual node names, rather than names bound to a physical resource. We describe Phoenix API and show how it allows a transparent migration of application states, as well as dynamically joining/leaving nodes as its by-product. We also demonstrate through several application studies that Phoenix model is close enough to regular message passing, thus it is a general programming model that facilitates porting many parallel applications/algorithms to more dynamic environments. Experimental results indicate applications that have a small task migration cost can quickly take advantage of dynamically joining resources using Phoenix. Divide-and-conquer algorithms written in Phoenix achieved a good speedup with a large number of nodes across multiple LANs (120 times speedup using 169 CPUs across three LANs). We believe Phoenix provides a useful programming abstraction and platform for emerging parallel applications that must be deployed across multiple LANs and/or shared clusters having dynamically varying resource conditions.

关键词： Computer programming

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parallel 'go with the winners' algorithms in distributed memory models

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JOURNAL OF parallel AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING 2003年第9期63卷 801-814页

作者： Peinado, M Lengauer, T Microsoft Corp Redmond WA 98052 USA Max Planck Inst Comp Sci D-66123 Saarbrucken Germany

We parallelize the 'go with the winners' algorithm of Aldous and Vazirani (in: Proceedings of the 35th IEEE symposium on the Foundations of Computer Science, IEEE Computer Society Press, Silver Spring., MD, 1994, pp. 492-501) and analyze the resulting parallel algorithm in the LogP-model (in: Proceedings of the Fourth acm sigplan symposium on principles & practice of parallel programming, 1993, pp. 1-12). the main issues in the analysis are load imbalances and communication delays. the result of the analysis is a practical algorithm which, under reasonable assumptions, achieves linear speedup. Finally, we analyze our algorithm for a concrete application: generating models of amorphous chemical structures. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： parallel algorithms go with the winners LogP model second moment method load balancing amorphous solids self-avoiding walks

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the design and implementation of a parallel array operator for the arbitrary remapping of data

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2003年第10期38卷 154-165页

作者： Deitz, SJ Chamberlain, BL Choi, SE Snyder, L Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Cray Inc Seattle WA 98104 USA Los Alamos Natl Lab Los Alamos NM 87545 USA

Gather and scatter are data redistribution functions of long-standing importance to high performance computing. In this paper, we present a highly-general array operator with powerful gather and scatter capabilities unmatched by other array languages. We discuss an efficient parallel implementation, introducing three new optimizations-schedule compression, dead array reuse, and direct communication-that reduce the costs associated with the operator's wide applicability. In our implementation of this operator in ZPL, we demonstrate performance comparable to the hand-coded Fortran + MPI versions of the NAS FT and CC benchmarks.

关键词： languages parallel programming gather scatter array languages ZPL

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User-controllable coherence for high performance shared memory multiprocessors

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2003年第10期38卷 73-83页

作者： McCurdy, C Fischer, C Univ Wisconsin Dept Comp Sci Madison WI 53706 USA

关键词： performance design languages parallel computation shared memory architectures distributed memory architectures irregular computation

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