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the conceptual design approach - A process integration approach on the move

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING 2007年第2期50卷 143-157页

作者： Zhelev, Toshko Univ Limerick Dept Chem & Environm Sci Limerick Ireland

this paper offers a vision-review on current activities and new developments in the area of process integration and industrial resources management. It focuses on the conceptual process design approach and offers comments on recent tendencies in chemical engineering and process systems engineering practice, reporting a few new extensions of pinch analysis. the discussion is extended to the area of combined resources management starting with the simultaneous energy and water conservation with a specific emphasis on the evaluation of environmental impact of process integration activities introducing the oxygen-pinch and the emergy-pinch concepts. It further expands the analysis into the direction of multiple resources management trying to find a common ground for analysis of different resources. A challenging new process integration research area for the application of the conceptual design approach in the field of micro devices and micro bio-medical systems design is also discussed. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： pinch analysis emergy process integration conceptual approach

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Modeling of polychromatic MTF losses due to secondary effects in diffractive lenses

Modeling of polychromatic MTF losses due to secondary effect...

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering VIII

作者： thorpe, Michael D. Jonas, Reginald P. Szapiel, Stanislaw ELCAN Opt Technol 450 Leitz Rd Midland ON L4R 5B8 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468154

Although hybrid (i.e. refractive-diffractive) surfaces are in common use in optical design there are several phenomena which affect design MTF that are not routinely modeled in current commercial versions of optical desig,n software. Typically the details of the diffractive structure are not taken into account and rays are traced through the hybrid surface employing a vector grating equation which uses the phase gradient associated with the diffractive definition to calculate a local grating spacing and orientation and from this grating information a 'diffracted ray' angle. this geometrical-optics based procedure has limitations;(I)it considers only the design diffraction order, (2)it does not take into account the sub-aperturing effect whereby color correction is reduced along, with zone count, and (3) the model used does not generate an exact blaze profile. In this paper we discuss progress in application of diffraction-based beam propagation tools in combination with a physical definition of the diffractive structure to more accurately model these secondary effects on design MTF. Results are given for some simple lenses and also the effects to be expected for a more complex zoom lens.

关键词： lens design lenses

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Multi-physics modelling for microelectronics and microsystems - current capabilities and future challenges

Multi-physics modelling for microelectronics and microsystem...

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8th International conference on thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Micro-Electronics and Micro-Systems

作者： Bailey, C. Lu, H. Stoyanov, S. Hughes, M. Yin, C. Gwyer, D. Univ Greenwich Comp & Math Sci London SE10 9LS England

ISBN: (纸本)9781424411054

At present the vast majority of Computer-Aided-engineering (CAE) analysis calculations for microelectronic and microsystems technologies are undertaken using software tools that focus on single aspects of the physics taking place. For example, the design engineer may use one code to predict the airflow and thermal behavior of an electronic package, then another code to predict the stress in solder joints, and then yet another code to predict electromagnetic radiation throughout the system. the reason for this focus of mesh-based codes on separate parts of the governing physics is essentially due to the numerical technologies used to solve the partial differential equations, combined with the subsequent heritage structure in the software codes. Using different software tools, that each requires model build and meshing, leads to a large investment in time, and hence cost, to undertake each of the simulations. During the last ten years there has been significant developments in the modelling community around multi-physics analysis. these developments are being followed by many of the code vendors who are now providing multi-physics capabilities in their software tools. this paper illustrates current capabilities of multi-physics technology and highlights some of the future challenges.

关键词： Microelectronics

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Integration of a research/teaching/entrepreneurship model at Elizabethtown College

Integration of a research/teaching/entrepreneurship model at...

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114th Annual ASEE conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Grave, Ilan Hager III, Nat Elizabethtown College United States Department of Physics and Engineering Elizabethtown College United States Material Sensing and Instrumentation

In this paper we review an integrated research-teaching-entrepreneurship project at Elizabethtown College, where majors in engineering and business are offered in addition to liberal arts curricula. the research component involves a continuous monitoring of the free- and bound-water rotation spectrum in hydrating portland cement over the frequency range 10 kHz to 8 GHz from initial mixing to several weeks cure, using broadband Time-Domain-Reflectometry (TDR) Dielectric Spectroscopy and an embedded capacitance sensor. the result is an improved understanding of the hydration process from a molecular dynamics standpoint, and a foundation for using TDR spectroscopy as a powerful tool for investigating the hydration process in cementitious materials. In addition, the ability to interrogate the sensor in the time domain and extract information from the direct reflected transient can provide a novel and robust cure-monitoring method usable in the field. the teaching component consists of integrating undergraduate students in this research through individual and team engineering projects that are offered in design and project courses from first to senior year. Some of the projects are offered to vertically integrated engineering teams (i.e., a team composed of first year students, sophomores and juniors);other projects involve interdisciplinary teams with students from engineering, applied physics, chemistry or biology. this effort sprang from collaboration between the College and a small industrial partner, whose laboratories are located at the College and whose main technical expert offers support for teaching engineering and physics courses as a research scientist. these efforts have additional advantages such as generating collaborations and synergies among technical personnel and faculty. Future developments may involve the integration of TDR tools with other electrical and optical methods, the TDR measurement of tissue and life science samples in collaboration with th

关键词： engineering education

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optical switching technologies and switching in optical future networks

Optical switching technologies and switching in optical futu...

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8th International conference on Transparent optical Networks

作者： Ferguson, Steve Ericsson Coventry W Midlands England

ISBN: (纸本)1424402352

Compared with the large range of optical switching technologies that have been the subject of research, very few have been deployed on a significant scale in telecommunications networks. From an industrial and commercial viewpoint, this paper describes the current status of the more successful ones and relates them to their network applications and to possible future developments in optical switching.

关键词： all-optical switching ROADMs OXC MEMs OTN

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An integrated approach with innovative NDTs for thermal barrier coating assessment: optical and frequency scanning eddy current testing (F-SECT) combination with pulsed thermography

An integrated approach with innovative NDTs for thermal barr...

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8th Biennial conference on engineering Systems design and Analysis

作者： Rinaldi, Claudia de Maria, Letizia Cernuschi, Federico Antonelli, Giampiero CESI Ric I-20134 Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9780791842492

the components of the hot gas path in gas turbines can survive to very high temperatures because they are protected by ceramic thermal Barrier Coatings (TBC);the failure of such coatings can dramatically reduce the component life. A reliable assessment of the Coating integrity and/or an Incipient TBC Damage Detection can help both in optimising the inspection intervals and in finding the appropriate remedial actions. In this paper the potential of three different NDT techniques applicable to the metallo/ceramic coatings of hot parts are discussed in the light of both results obtained on laboratory aged specimens and in field measurements on operated components. An investigation of the NDTs capability to detect damage evolution was performed on thermal-cycled specimens coated with TBC (both EB-PVD and pseudocolumnar APS) by means of an F-SECT eddy current system, by an innovative portable Piezospectroscopic system and by pulsed thermography. the observation of metallographic sections of the thermal cycled specimens allowed to give the right interpretation to the results of each NDT methodology and enlightened its specific characteristics and potentiality. Moreover in field applicability is discussed for each technique. Finally it is shown how an integrated approach of suitable coating evolution models and complimentary NDT techniques can provide an interesting assessment of the damage level of the metallo/ceramic coatings of operated rotating blades.

关键词： thermal barrier coatings non destructive techniques thermography luminescence piezospectroscopy frequency scanning eddy current service exposed hot parts gas turbine components

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Coherences between influence function size, polishing quality and process time in the magnetorheological finishing

Coherences between influence function size, polishing qualit...

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering VII

作者： Schinhaerl, Markus Geiss, Andreas Rascher, Rolf Sperber, Peter Stamp, Richard Smith, Lyndon Smith, Gordon Pitschke, Elmar Univ Appl Sci Deggendorf Edlmairstr 6-8 D-94469 Deggendorf Germany Univ West England Bristol Avon England

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a computer controlled polishing process (CCP), which is commonly used in the field of high quality optical lens production. the process uses the material removal characteristic of the polishing tool (influence function) and the surface error-profile to calculate individual, surface error-profile dependent polishing sequences. At the University of Applied Sciences Deggendorf a testing series with a magnetorheological finishing machine has been performed, and effects of the influence function size and its removal capacity on the polishing quality and the process time have been investigated. the result of the research shows that the influence function size has a major effect on the process time, whereas the polishing quality is nearly independent of the influence function size. During the testing series the process time was significantly reduced using an appropriate influence function size. the process time decreased about 9% relating to the original influence function.

关键词： magnetorheological finishing MRF computer controlled polishing CCP polishing tool characteristic influence function process time

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Stereoscopic vision and the design of stereoscopic displays

Stereoscopic vision and the design of stereoscopic displays

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International optical design conference 2006

作者： Cobb, Joshua M. Corning Tropel Corporation 60 O'Connor Road Fairport NY 14450

ISBN: (纸本)0819464279

Since the discovery of stereopsis in the 19th century the display of stereoscopic information has taken on a variety of forms. From the original Wheatstone stereoscope to the current technology of head-mounted displays and parallax barrier displays, the advantages of binocular vision have been exploited to produce a different kind of display experience. designing optical systems that take advantage of stereopsis creates a different set of constraints and image artifacts. this paper reviews some of the methods of creating a stereo image and highlights some of the unique system design considerations. © 2006 SPIE-OSA.

关键词： Computer vision

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Sedimentations on high precision surfaces of advanced materials by magnetorheological finishing

Sedimentations on high precision surfaces of advanced materi...

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering VII

作者： Geiss, Andreas Schinhaerl, Markus Pitschke, Elmar Raschera, Rolf Sperber, Peter Slabeycius, Juraj Univ Appl Sci Deggendorf Edlmairstr 6-8 D-94469 Deggendorf Germany Alexander Dubcek Univ Trencin Trencin 91150 Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) is a computer controlled polishing (CCP) technique for high precision surfaces. the process uses a magnetorheological fluid which stiffens in a magnetic field and thus acts as the polishing tool. A standard MR fluid consists of magnetic carbonyl iron (CI) particles, nonmagnetic polishing abrasives and liquid. To delaying oxidation of the iron particles and avoiding agglomeration the liquid consists of water completed with stabilizers. For the material removal and smoothing of the surface mostly cerium oxide or diamond is used. the materials to be polished may tend toward to different sedimentations of the MR fluid on the machined surface. these sedimentations result from the machining and may develop a polishing layer with MR fluid components. At the University of Applied Sciences Deggendorf analysis of the machined surface are made by the scanning electronic microscope (SEM) to determine the sedimentations of the finishing. the results of the research display the influence for the surface properties due to developing polishing layer by magnetorheological finishing.

关键词： magnetorheological finishing MRF sedimentations surface properties advanced materials ceramics calcium fluoride CaF2 polishing layer

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design of miniaturized optoelectronic systems using resonant micro scanning mirrors for projection of full-color images

Design of miniaturized optoelectronic systems using resonant...

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conference on current developments in Lens design and optical engineering VII

作者： Scholles, M. Braeuer, A. Frommhagen, K. Gerwig, Ch. Hoefer, B. Lakner, H. Schenk, H. Schwarzenberg, M. Fraunhofer Inst Photon Microsyst Maria Reiche Str 2 D-01109 Dresden Germany Fraunhofer Inst Appl Opt & Precis Engn D-07745 Jena Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819463671

Projection systems comprising micromechanical. scanning mirrors are a promising approach for information display of any kind. If combined with advanced laser diodes as light sources, ultra-compact projection heads can be realized, as it will be shown in this contribution. Besides the laser, key component of the system is a special MEMS device, a two-dimensional resonant micro scanning mirror. the laser beam formed by collimator optics is directed onto the micro scanning mirror. then, the reflected beam describes a highly complicated Lissajous figure on the projection screen with flare angles of up to 20 degrees. By driving the mirror and electrically modulating the intensity of the laser beam in a synchronous manner, projection of images can be achieved. Advanced techniques that guarantee improved image quality and allow compensation of artifacts because of relative movement between projection head, screen, and human observer will be described. Based on these principles, several optoelectronic systems have been designed. A monochrome projection head that incorporates the laser diode, optics and the micro mirror could be reduced to a volume of 15mm x 7 mm x 5mm. A slightly larger head is attached to a laser unit with red, green, and blue lasers via glass optical fiber for projection of full color images and video streams. All systems have VGA (640 x 480 pixels) resolution. they operate with 8 bit color depth per pixel and 50 frames per second. these key features in combination with the miniaturized size allow their use for a broad range of applications.

关键词： image projection scanning mirror MEMS resonant scanning micro optics

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