A demonstration of the application of non-zero clock skew scheduling to enhance the speed characteristics of several functional unit blocks in a high performance processor is presented. It is shown that non-zero clock...
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A demonstration of the application of non-zero clock skew scheduling to enhance the speed characteristics of several functional unit blocks in a high performance processor is presented. It is shown that non-zero clock skew scheduling can improve circuit performance while relaxing the strict timing constraints of the critical data paths within a high speed system. A software tool implementing a non-zero clock skew scheduling algorithm is described together with a methodology that generates the required clock signal delays by replacing clock buffers from predesigned cell libraries. Timing margin improvements of up to 18% are achieved through the application of non-zero clock skew scheduling in certain functional blocks of an industrial high performance microprocessor.
this paper presents a high-speed VLSI implementation structure for a multiplier. Four n-bit numbers are generated using even and odd positions of the two n-bit numbers. then they are multiplied pairwise. A parallel ad...
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this paper presents a high-speed VLSI implementation structure for a multiplier. Four n-bit numbers are generated using even and odd positions of the two n-bit numbers. then they are multiplied pairwise. A parallel addition algorithm is used to add up the partial products. three k-bit numbers at each level are converted to two (k+1)-bit numbers at the next level using a 3-to-2 adding technique. Carry propagation is left to the last stage of multiplier where a fast carry-look-ahead adder is used to add the final two 2(n-1)-bit numbers. the supply voltage (V/sub dd/) is 3.3 /spl upsi/ which can be lowered to 2.5 /spl upsi/. the multiplier are in 0.8 /spl mu/m technology. HSPICE simulation shows a total delay of 3.25 ns for a 32-bit multiplier.
Low-power, high efficiency, small size and real-time optical character recognition (OCR) systems can benefit from the analog VLSI implementation of (at least) some of their constituting modules. the reference architec...
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Low-power, high efficiency, small size and real-time optical character recognition (OCR) systems can benefit from the analog VLSI implementation of (at least) some of their constituting modules. the reference architecture usually consists of a feature detection and extraction block (FE) directly interfaced to the on-chip CMOS sensor, and of a classifier. the FE purpose is to reduce the redundancy of information in handwritten character images prior to feeding the classifier. the analog circuit architecture of an FE block and its circuit implementation are presented and discussed. It can be used for both segmented and nonsegmented strings of characters. the circuit implementation is based on weak-inversion operated circuits. the real-time speed, low power and small size are achieved through careful power-speed tradeoff optimization at both architectural and circuit levels.
We live in an era of digital competition. that means that the world is facing rapid and impressive developments that are fueled by rapid advances in digital communications, digital satellite technologies, worldwide we...
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We live in an era of digital competition. that means that the world is facing rapid and impressive developments that are fueled by rapid advances in digital communications, digital satellite technologies, worldwide web, virtual reality, and computer and learning technologies. As a major area of interest, intelligent control will have to benefit from these important developments. Our paper presents some directions for integrating advanced technologies in intelligent control research and teaching.
At present, intelligent control comprises the application of systems like fuzzy controllers or neural networks. However, such systems are only a first step towards really intelligent and autonomous control systems and...
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At present, intelligent control comprises the application of systems like fuzzy controllers or neural networks. However, such systems are only a first step towards really intelligent and autonomous control systems and, therefore, more sophisticated theories and methods have to be developed. the term "intelligent agent" is intensively discussed in the field of computer science at present. First applications of agents or multiagent systems are promising and open new dimensions also for the control and supervision of complex dynamic systems and plants. However, some open questions still remain. A clear definition of an intelligent control agent does not exist and there are no straightforward design and engineering methods. therefore, we try to define the term control agent and the property "autonomy". In addition. We give a perspective of the application of such agents in wastewater treatment.
the application of a nonlinear predictive controller in the cascade control structure of a boost converter is investigated. the neuro-predictive controller is realized as a nonlinear optimizer, using the Levenberg-Mar...
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the application of a nonlinear predictive controller in the cascade control structure of a boost converter is investigated. the neuro-predictive controller is realized as a nonlinear optimizer, using the Levenberg-Marquardt unconstrained optimization procedure. For the prediction of future process responses, two MLP neural networks are used. One network is used for modeling the converter dynamics and the other for online estimation of the converter's input voltage. this structure ensures good system performance in all operating regions and inherent compensation of ripples in the converter's input current caused by variations of the input voltage. the advantages of the proposed control structure are demonstrated through experimental comparison with a linear GPC with manually adjusted feedforward compensator.
the use of capacitors for correcting power factor is a very well known approach in industry. However, the increase of harmonic sources in power systems is heightening the risk of resonance and, consequently, a drastic...
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this paper presents a case study application of fuzzy logic in a power quality issue. It describes the computer-based load sensitivity to voltage sags, by using fuzzy sets and IF-thEN inference rules. the load sensiti...
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this paper presents a case study application of fuzzy logic in a power quality issue. It describes the computer-based load sensitivity to voltage sags, by using fuzzy sets and IF-thEN inference rules. the load sensitivity is based on the steady-state and transient voltage versus time profile according to the ieee Std. 446, also referred to as the CBEMA (computer Based Equipment Manufacturer Association) curve. Fuzzy logic allows the modeling of the inherent uncertainty of the load reliability. this expresses how the success or failure of computer based loads is correlated with short term voltage variations in the electric supply system. A fuzzy inference system is experimentally implemented for these cases, showing the general procedures of how to use this theory. It appears that fuzzy set theory can play an important role in diagnosing power quality disturbances, and hence it can offer insights towards the satisfaction of the needs of manufacturers, utilities and customers.
this paper presents the web-based group communication service Web4Groups. First it is shown how the project to develop this service is organized. the work of the project consortium consisting of 12 European partners i...
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this paper presents the web-based group communication service Web4Groups. First it is shown how the project to develop this service is organized. the work of the project consortium consisting of 12 European partners is described. It is further explained how specific user groups in different areas are involved and how their needs are integrated in the development process. Secondly, the Web4Groups service itself is described with respect to features and technical architecture.
software development is a complex process for which automated tools for the management and the execution of the process are highly desirable. Existing tools often provide a sequence of phases to be followed and some m...
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software development is a complex process for which automated tools for the management and the execution of the process are highly desirable. Existing tools often provide a sequence of phases to be followed and some mechanism for refining a phase into more detailed phases. However, derivations from the pre-defined phases and the top-down refinement approach cannot be easily accommodated without losing a significant amount of control. Such static view of the software development process does not reflect the practice of system developers and hence is inappropriate for boththe management and the execution of the process. this paper advocates a workflow-based view to the software development process which provides elaborate control and supports dynamic organization of the development phases. Equally important, this paper highlights the fact that the software process poses many requirements that are shared by other application domains. Hence, overcoming the challenge of providing workflow support to the software process will shed light on the problems in other application domains that are possibly less well understood.
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