A programming tool is described for real-time embedded systems implemented by multiple tasks. the tool, called TRUE, performs the allocation of tasks by transformation of the program the user has written. TRUE reads t...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)0818606207
A programming tool is described for real-time embedded systems implemented by multiple tasks. the tool, called TRUE, performs the allocation of tasks by transformation of the program the user has written. TRUE reads the program and the requirements about its response time. TRUE transforms the program applying rules based on the requirements. then the program is translated into a code for operating system I-TRON. I-TRON is the original real-time operating system for 32-bit microprocessors. A description is given of the implementation of TRUE and an example of its use is presented.
作者：
Sussman, Gerald JayMIT
Dep of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Cambridge MA USA MIT Dep of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Cambridge MA USA
softwareengineering needs appropriate tools to support each of the phases of the engineering process. there must be tools to aid with specification and modelling, with synthesis and analysis, with rapid-prototyping a...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)0818606207
softwareengineering needs appropriate tools to support each of the phases of the engineering process. there must be tools to aid with specification and modelling, with synthesis and analysis, with rapid-prototyping and debugging, with documentation, verification, and testing, and with maintenance of finished products. In addition there must be environmental tools to support the engineering process in the large. Artificial intelligence research often uses programs as theoretical constructs, akin to equations and schematic diagrams, but withthe added feature that programs that embody parts of a theory of the design of programs can be used as tools in the process of theory construction (or software development). Most AI experiments are formulated in Lisp. Lisp has developed into a uniquely powerful and flexible family of software development tools, providing wrap-around support for the rapid-prototyping of softwaresystems.
作者：
Perlis, Alan J.Yale Univ
Dep of Computer Science New Haven CT USA Yale Univ Dep of Computer Science New Haven CT USA
To understand software we must go beyond the techniques and methodologies we have so carefully and painfully crafted, e. g. , high level languages, structured programming, data structures and types, semaphores, functi...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)0818606207
To understand software we must go beyond the techniques and methodologies we have so carefully and painfully crafted, e. g. , high level languages, structured programming, data structures and types, semaphores, functional programming, etc. the author believes that the word 'software' obscures the issues that dominate our concerns and he chooses the word 'organithm' to identify that class of programs we study in softwareengineering. the major issue of softwareengineering environments is not how to ease our task of programming systems but how to accelerate the rate at which improvement in internal function can be obtained without unduly jeapordizing the external functions of an organithm and with maximizing the use of organithms to perform reorganization.
Wide variation in programmer performance has been frequently reported in the literature. In the absence of other explanation, most managers have come to accept that the variation is due to individual characteristics. ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)0818606207
Wide variation in programmer performance has been frequently reported in the literature. In the absence of other explanation, most managers have come to accept that the variation is due to individual characteristics. the presumption that there are order-of-magnitude differences in individual performance makes accurate cost projection seem nearly impossible. In an extensive study, 166 programmers from 35 different organizations participated in a one-day implementation benchmarking exercise. While there were wide variations across the sample, the authors found evidence that characteristics of the workplace and of the organization seemed to explain a significant part of the difference.
the Architecture Development System (ADS) is being developed for use in prototyping distributed data processing (DDP) systems within a distributed testbed. ADS features an interactive graphical user interface, a distr...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)0818606207
the Architecture Development System (ADS) is being developed for use in prototyping distributed data processing (DDP) systems within a distributed testbed. ADS features an interactive graphical user interface, a distributed runtime environment, and a prototyping framework based on the concept of abstract DDP objects with attributes and relationships. the authors present the ADS prototyping features and the user interface to describe, synthesize, execute and analyze system representations. A discussion is presented of the applicability of ADS support to the distributed software life cycle. the current implementation status of ADS is also summarized.
Accuracy in program error prediction is a major problem in quality control of a large-scale software system. the authors present a model to estimate the number of errors remaining in a program at the beginning of the ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)0818606207
Accuracy in program error prediction is a major problem in quality control of a large-scale software system. the authors present a model to estimate the number of errors remaining in a program at the beginning of the testing phase. Ten hypothesized environmental factors are statistically analyzed and the model is then derived by using the factors identified in the analysis. this empirical study was done with data collected during the development of large-scale softwaresystems. Results of the study indicate that factors such as frequency of program specification change, programmers' skill, and volume of program design documentation are significant and that the model based on these factors is more reliable than conventional error prediction methods based on program size alone.
作者：
Schaul, MichaelIBM
Research Triangle Park NC USA IBM Research Triangle Park NC USA
In 1981 IBM initiated a corporate-wide training program to introduce a standard, softwareengineering-based, programming technology, based on a similar program established in the Federal systems Division during the la...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)0818606207
In 1981 IBM initiated a corporate-wide training program to introduce a standard, softwareengineering-based, programming technology, based on a similar program established in the Federal systems Division during the late seventies. the softwareengineering Workshop has a strong mathematical orientation. the central focus is on mathematical models for program functions and data abstractions. the models allow mathematical statements of specifications, stepwise refinement, and function-based mental verification of each refinement step. the technology and a textual design language encourage orderly problem decomposition, encapsulation, and separation of concerns. the author introduces the material taught in the workshop and summarizes the workshop's history and results. Use of the technology is producing higher quality programs and providing greater professional satisfaction among its users.
For the validation of the kernel system calls of a family of UNIX systems, a knowledge-based test environment was conceived. A prototype version is currently implemented in Prolog. the knowledge base consists essentia...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)0818606207
For the validation of the kernel system calls of a family of UNIX systems, a knowledge-based test environment was conceived. A prototype version is currently implemented in Prolog. the knowledge base consists essentially of three parts: (1) test case specifications of the various sytem calls;(2) a test suite generator with predicates including information about UNIX system properties and sound test practices;and (3) a test protocol archive including utilities to extract and prepare reports about the test results. All information in the knowledge base is stored as Horn clauses, i. e. , facts and rules immediately to be consulted and executed by a Prolog interpreter.
SPADES is a specification system consisting of a method, a language, and a set of tools. these components are based on a set of concepts, which forms its abstract kernel. SPADES supports the specification of software ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)0818606207
SPADES is a specification system consisting of a method, a language, and a set of tools. these components are based on a set of concepts, which forms its abstract kernel. SPADES supports the specification of softwaresystems, in particular of real-time software. the system to be developed is modeled using the entity-relationship-concept. While this seems to be the best way for storing specifications in a computer, it does not automatically lead to representations equally comfortable for humans. this is why SPADES, which has been available for some time, has recently been extended by a graphical interface. the authors provide a brief survey of the system, in particular of its new component.
Results are presented of a study in which several production softwaresystems are analyzed using ten software metrics. the ten metrics include measures of code details, measures of structure, and combinations of these...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)0818606207
Results are presented of a study in which several production softwaresystems are analyzed using ten software metrics. the ten metrics include measures of code details, measures of structure, and combinations of these two. Historical data recording the number of errors and the coding time of each component are used as objective measures of resource expenditure of each component. the validation of the metrics shows that: (1) the metrics singly and in combination are useful indicators of those components which require the most resources, (2) clear patterns between the metrics and the resources expended are visible when both resources are accounted for, (3) measures of structure are as valuable in examining softwaresystems as measures of code details, and (4) the choice of which, or how many, software metrics to use in practice is suggested by measures of 'yield' and 'coverage. '
暂无评论