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IMPATIENT MRI: ILLINOIS MASSIVELY parallel ACCELERATION TOOLKIT FOR IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION WIth ENHANCED thROUGHPUT IN MRI

IMPATIENT MRI: ILLINOIS MASSIVELY PARALLEL ACCELERATION TOOL...

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8th ieee International symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) - From Nano to Macro

作者： Wu, Xiao-Long Gai, Jiading Lam, Fan Fu, Maojing Haldar, Justin P. Zhuo, Yue Liang, Zhi-Pei Hwu, Wen-Mei Sutton, Bradley P. Univ Illinois Dept Elect & Comp Engn 1406 W Green St Urbana IL 61801 USA Univ Illinois Beckman Inst Urbana IL 61801 USA Univ Illinois Dept Bioengn Urbana IL 61801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441280

Much progress has been made in the design of efficient acquisition trajectories for high spatial and temporal resolution in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Additionally, significant developments in image reconstruction have enabled the reconstruction of reasonable images from massively undersampled or noisy data that is corrupted by a variety of physical effects, including magnetic field inhomogeneity. Translation of these techniques into clinical imaging has been impeded by the need for expertise and computational facilities to realize the potential of these methods. We present the Illinois Massively parallel Acceleration Toolkit for Image reconstruction with ENhanced throughput in MRI (IMPATIENT MRI), a reconstruction utility that enables advanced techniques within clinically relevant computation times by using the computational power available in low-cost graphics processing cards.

关键词： magnetic resonance imaging graphics processing cards field inhomogeneity image regularization

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NOISE ESTIMATION AND REMOVAL IN MR IMAGING: thE VARIANCE-STABILIZATION APPROACH

NOISE ESTIMATION AND REMOVAL IN MR IMAGING: THE VARIANCE-STA...

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8th ieee International symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) - From Nano to Macro

作者： Foi, Alessandro Tampere Univ Technol Dept Signal Proc FIN-33101 Tampere Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441280

We develop optimal forward and inverse variance-stabilizing transformations for the Rice distribution, in order to approach the problem of magnetic resonance (MR) image filtering by means of standard denoising algorithms designed for homoskedastic observations. Further, we present a stable and fast iterative procedure for robustly estimating the noise level from a single Rician-distributed image. At each iteration, the procedure exploits variance-stabilization composed with a homoskedastic variance-estimation algorithm. theoretical and experimental study demonstrates the success of our approach to Rician noise estimation and removal through variance stabilization. In particular, we show that the performance of current state-of-the-art algorithms specifically designed for Rician-distributed data can be matched by combining conventional algorithms designed for additive white Gaussian noise with optimal variance-stabilizing transformations.

关键词： Algorithm design and analysis Gaussian noise MR imaging Maximum likelihood estimation Noise Noise reduction Optimization Rician channels Rician noise estimation biomedical MRI conventional algorithms fast iterative procedure homoskedastic variance-estimation algorithm image denoising inverse variance-stabilizing transformations iterative methods magnetic resonance image filtering medical image processing noise estimation noise level optimal variance-stabilizing transformations single Rician-distributed imaging stable iterative procedure standard denoising algorithms state-of-the-art algorithms white Gaussian noise

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Design considerations for massively parallel channel estimation algorithms

Design considerations for massively parallel channel estimat...

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2011 8th International symposium on Wireless Communication Systems, ISWCS'11

作者： Da Lio, Davide Rossetto, Francesco Vangelista, Lorenzo Department of Information Engineering University of Padova via Gradenigo 6 B 35131 Padova Italy Oberpfaffenhofen 82234 Weling Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781612844022

Accurate channel estimation may require complex algorithms for effective results, especially in the case of a multiuser detector. the introduction of Graphic processing Units (GPUs) has opened up new possibilities for the implementation of numerically intensive channel estimation algorithms. this paper studies the implementation on GPUs of channel estimation algorithms for channels affected by strong phase noise. While classic Maximum Likelihood estimation is still the most competitive in terms of throughput and memory bandwidth, Steepest Ascent algorithms show the largest speed improvement due to their structure, which is the most suitable for implementation on a parallel processor like the GPU. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： Graphics processing unit

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A sensor network abstraction for flexible public sensing systems

A sensor network abstraction for flexible public sensing sys...

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8th ieee International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems, MASS 2011

作者： Philipp, Damian Durr, Frank Rothermel, Kurt Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780769544694

Public Sensing is a new paradigm for developing large-scale sensor networks at low cost by utilizing mobile phones that are already surrounding us in our everyday lives. In this paper we present a sensor network abstraction layer for creating flexible public sensing systems that can execute arbitrary queries. To this effect we develop several algorithms to select mobile nodes for executing a query. these algorithms allow a user to define a trade-off between quality and efficiency of query execution by choosing an appropriate algorithm. Our evaluations show that we can achieve a 99% increase in efficiency with the most efficient approaches and only about 10% decrease in result quality under worst conditions. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： Sensor networks

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Efficient and distributed rule placement in heavy constraint-driven event systems

Efficient and distributed rule placement in heavy constraint...

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13th ieee International Workshop on FTDCS 2011, the 8th International Conference on ATC 2011, the 8th International Conference on UIC 2011 and the 13th ieee International Conference on HPCC 2011

作者： Schilling, Björn Koldehofe, Boris Rothermel, Kurt Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems Universitätsstr. 38 Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780769545387

Complex Event processing (CEP) is of increasing importance in many industrial applications to integrate a huge number of events in a scalable manner. A core challenge towards scalable CEP is to efficiently distribute the rules which define how correlations between events can be detected within an event processing network. Although significant progress has been made recently, there remains a fundamental gap in supporting requirements that emerge from deploying CEP over heterogeneous and independent processing environments. Heterogeneity typically imposes many constraints on the placement of rules, which increases the complexity of the underlying optimization problem and cannot be handled efficiently by existing solutions. In this paper we examine the distributed placement, migration and optimization of rules in the context of the constraint optimization problem to minimize network usage. We propose and evaluate a placement algorithm that efficiently finds valid solutions in scenarios where the solution space is heavily restricted by constraints. the algorithm operates in a decentralized way and is adaptive to dynamic changes of processing nodes, rules, and load characteristics of the event processing network. the proposed rule migration policies resolve invalid placements quickly and thus ensure high availability. the evaluations show that the proposed algorithm is able to efficiently find near optimum solutions within heavy constraint-driven network conditions. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： Complex networks

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Supporting strong reliability for distributed complex event processing systems

Supporting strong reliability for distributed complex event ...

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13th ieee International Workshop on FTDCS 2011, the 8th International Conference on ATC 2011, the 8th International Conference on UIC 2011 and the 13th ieee International Conference on HPCC 2011

作者： Völz, Marco Koldehofe, Boris Rothermel, Kurt Universität Stuttgart Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems Universitätsstr. 38 70569 Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780769545387

Many application classes such as monitoring applications, involve processing a massive amount of data from a possibly huge number of data sources. Complex Event processing (CEP) has evolved as the paradigm of choice to determine meaningful situations (complex events) by performing stepwise correlation over event streams. To keep up with the high scalability demands of growing input streams, recent approaches distribute event correlation over several correlation nodes. However, already a failure of a single correlation node impacts the correctness of the final correlation result. In this paper, we illustrate the importance of a strong reliability semantics for CEP in the context of a monitoring application in a distributed production environment. Strong reliability ensures each complex event is detected and delivered exactly once to each application entity, and cannot be guaranteed by the naive application of established replication principles. We present a replication scheme which ensures strong reliability in an asynchronous system model and can be applied to an arbitrary distributed CEP system. the algorithm tolerates f simultaneous failures by introducing f additional replicas for each correlation node. We prove correctness as well as evaluate the overhead introduced by the algorithm. Results show, that the overhead scales linearly with the number of deployed replicas and the node failure rate. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： Semantics

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Carrier-cooperative transmission in parallel MIMO broadcast channels: Potential gains and algorithms

Carrier-cooperative transmission in parallel MIMO broadcast ...

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2011 8th International symposium on Wireless Communication Systems, ISWCS'11

作者： Hellings, Christoph Utschick, Wolfgang Institute for Signal Processing Technische Universität München 80290 Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781612844022

Many existing optimization approaches for parallel multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channels with linear transceivers make the assumption that encoding and decoding is performed separately on each carrier. However, unlike in the case of optimal non-linear dirty paper coding, such a carrier-noncooperative transmission was shown to be potentially suboptimal if linear precoding is used. A possible way to design carrier-cooperative transmit strategies is to perform the optimization in an equivalent single-carrier MIMO broadcast channel. In this paper, we show that the careless application of commonly used optimization tools nevertheless leads to carrier-noncooperative solutions, and we demonstrate that a notable gain can be achieved by modifying the algorithms such that they can converge to more general carrier-cooperative strategies. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： MIMO systems

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3D WAVELET-BASED REGULARIZATION FOR parallel MRI RECONSTRUCTION: IMPACT ON SUBJECT AND GROUP-LEVEL STATISTICAL SENSITIVITY IN FMRI

3D WAVELET-BASED REGULARIZATION FOR PARALLEL MRI RECONSTRUCT...

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8th ieee International symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) - From Nano to Macro

作者： Chaari, Lotfi Meriaux, Sebastien Badillo, Solveig Ciuciu, Philippe Pesquet, Jean-Christophe Univ Paris Est IGM F-77454 Marne La Vallee France UMR CNRS 8049 F-77454 Marne La Vallee France CEA Saclay CEA DSV I2BMNeurospin F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette France

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441280

parallel MRI is a fast imaging technique that allows reconstruction of full Field-of-View (FoV) images based on under-sampled k-space data acquired using multiple receiver coils with complementary sensitivity profiles. It enables the acquisition of highly resolved images either in space or in time, which is of particular interest in applications like functional neuroimaging. these improvements are counterbalanced by a degraded SNR and the presence of artifacts that depend on the reconstruction algorithm. To improve the performance of the widely used SENSE algorithm, 2D regularization in the wavelet domain has recently been efficiently investigated [1]. In this paper, we extend this work to 3D-wavelet decompositions in order to manipulate all slices together. We illustrate the gain induced by such extension in terms of statistical impact on functional MRI (fMRI) data analysis using a fast-event related protocol. Our results show that our 3D reconstruction algorithm outperforms its 2D counterpart and the SENSE algorithm in several statistical respects at the group-level: peak localization, local maxima, cluster extent, robustness to high acceleration factors.

关键词： 3D wavelet-based regularization 3D-wavelet decompositions Coils Image reconstruction Magnetic resonance imaging Pipelines Reconstruction algorithms SENSE algorithm Visualization biomedical MRI cluster extent fMRI fast imaging technique fast-event related protocol field-of-view images functional neuroimaging image reconstruction local maxima medical image processing multiple receiver coils neurophysiology parallel MRI reconstruction peak localization statistical analysis statistical sensitivity undersampled k-space data wavelet transforms

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Investigating the impact of the Cielo Cray XE6 architecture on scientific application codes

Investigating the impact of the Cielo Cray XE6 architecture ...

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25th ieee International parallel and distributed processing symposium, Workshops and Phd Forum, IPDPSW 2011

作者： Vaughan, Courtenay Rajan, Mahesh Barrett, Richard Doerfler, Doug Pedretti, Kevin Center for Computing Research Sandia National Laboratories MS 1319 P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque NM 87185-1319 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543857

Cielo, a Cray XE6, is the Department of Energy NNSA Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) campaign's newest capability machine. Rated at 1.37 PFLOPS, it consists of 8,944 dual-socket oct-core AMD Magny-Cours compute nodes, linked using Cray's Gemini interconnect. Its primary mission objective is to enable a suite of the ASC applications implemented using MPI to scale to tens of thousands of cores. Cielo is an evolutionary improvement to a successful architecture previously available to many of our codes, thus enabling a basis for understanding the capabilities of this new architecture. Using three codes strategically important to the ASC campaign, and supplemented with some micro-benchmarks that expose the fundamental capabilities of the XE6, we report on the performance characteristics and capabilities of Cielo. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： parallel architectures

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Large-scale parallel Monte Carlo tree search on GPU

Large-scale parallel Monte Carlo tree search on GPU

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25th ieee International parallel and distributed processing symposium, Workshops and Phd Forum, IPDPSW 2011

作者： Rocki, Kamil Suda, Reiji Department of Computer Science Graduate School of Information Science and Technology University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku 113-8654 Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543857

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a method for making optimal decisions in artificial intelligence (AI) problems, typically move planning in combinatorial games. It combines the generality of random simulation with the precision of tree search. the motivation behind this work is caused by the emerging GPU-based systems and their high computational potential combined with relatively low power usage compared to CPUs. As a problem to be solved I chose to develop an AI GPU(Graphics processing Unit)-based agent in the game of Reversi (Othello) which provides a sufficiently complex problem for tree searching with non-uniform structure and an average branching factor of over 8. I present an efficient parallel GPU MCTS implementation based on the introduced 'block-parallelism' scheme which combines GPU SIMD thread groups and performs independent searches without any need of intra-GPU or inter-GPU communication. I compare it with a simple leaf parallel scheme which implies certain performance limitations. the obtained results show that using my GPU MCTS implementation on the TSUBAME 2.0 system one GPU can be compared to 100-200 CPU threads depending on factors such as the search time and other MCTS parameters in terms of obtained results. I propose and analyze simultaneous CPU/GPU execution which improves the overall result. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： Graphics processing unit

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