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Communication support for distributed multimedia components 8

Communication support for distributed multimedia components

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8th Euromicro Workshop on parallel and distributed processing, EURO-PDP 2000

作者： Saleh, A. Justo, G.R.R. Centre for Parallel Computing University of Westminster 115 New Cavendish St. LondonW1M 8JS United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)0769505007

the development of distributed multimedia applications has always been a challenge for both expert and nonexpert developers. Middleware and supporting frameworks have emerged to simplify this process by providing reusable components that can be plugged together in many configurations to help application developers building up their applications. In distributed multimedia, the adoption of such frameworks allows the exchange of media (i.e. audio, video, etc.) and configuration data (i.e. where, how, etc.) transparently through the network. Application developers do not have to deal with details related to the location of data sources and destinations, network protocols used, or even the quality of service (QoS) requirements at the network level. Most framework designers tend to concentrate on the aspect of generalising and enhancing the functionality of the framework components and leave the communication between these components to be managed by one of the standard distributed object platforms such as CORBA, DCOM or JavaRMI. this paper describes research undertaken to tackle the problems of designing and managing communication between distributed multimedia components. the design of a supporting framework is explained with emphasis on the communicational aspect of its components. the paper also includes a case study which illustrate the use of the framework. © 2000 ieee.

关键词： Common object request broker architecture (CORBA)

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Consistency requirements of distributed shared memory for Lamport's bakery algorithm for mutual exclusion 8

Consistency requirements of distributed shared memory for La...

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8th Euromicro Workshop on parallel and distributed processing, EURO-PDP 2000

作者： Brzeziński, J. Wawrzyniak, D. Institute of Computing Science Poznan University of Technology Piotrowo 3a Poznań60-965 Poland

ISBN: (纸本)0769505007

As is well known Lamport's Bakery algorithm for mutual exclusion of n processes is correct if a physically shared memory is used as the communication facility between processes. An application of weaker consistency models (e.g. causal, processor, PRAM), available in replicated distributed shared memory (DSM) systems appealing due to possible performance improvement may imply incorrectness of the algorithm. It raises consistency requirement problem, a problem of finding weaker consistency models of DSM that is sufficient for the algorithm correctness. In this paper, consistency requirements of distributed shared memory for Lamport's Bakery algorithm for mutual exclusion of n processes are considered It is proven that the algorithm is correct with a consistency model resulting from a combination of sequential consistency and one of the weakest consistency models, PRAM, without explicit synchronisation. the combination is achieved by specifying the consistency model with write operations on shared locations. © 2000 ieee.

关键词： Memory architecture

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Evaluation of a virtual shared memory machine by the compilation of data parallel loops 8

Evaluation of a virtual shared memory machine by the compila...

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8th Euromicro Workshop on parallel and distributed processing, EURO-PDP 2000

作者： Baiardi, F. Guerri, D. Mori, P. Ricci, L. Dipartimento di Informatica Università di Pisa Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0769505007

We introduce DVSA, distributed virtual shared areas, a virtual machine supporting the sharing of information on distributed memory architectures. the shared memory is structured as a set of areas where the size of each area may be chosen in all architecture dependent range. DVSA supports the sharing of areas rather than of variables because the exchange of chunks of data may result in better performances on distributed memory architectures offering little or no hardware support to information sharing. DVSA does not implement replication or prefetching strategies under the assumption that these strategies should be implemented by application specific virtual machines. the definition of these machines may often be driven by the compilation of the adopted programming languages. To validate the assumption, at first we consider the implementation of data parallel loops and show that a set of static analyses based on the closed forms approach makes it possible to define compiler driven caching and prefetching strategies. these strategies fully exploit the operations offered by the DVSA machine and they noticeably reduce the time to access shared information. the optimizations strategies that can be exploited by the compiler includes the merging of accesses to avoid multiple access to the same area, the prefetching of areas and the reduction of the overhead due to barrier synchronization. Preliminary performance figures are discussed. © 2000 ieee.

关键词： Virtual machine

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A robust multigrid solver on parallel computers 8

A robust multigrid solver on parallel computers

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8th Euromicro Workshop on parallel and distributed processing, EURO-PDP 2000

作者： Montero, R.S. Prieto, M. Llorente, I.M. Tirado, E. Departamento de Arquitectura de Computadores y Automatica Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas Universidad Complutense Madrid28040 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)0769505007

In this paper two well-known robust multigrid solvers for anisotropic operators on structured grids are compared: alternating-plane smoothers with full coarsening and plane smoothers combined with semicoarsening. the study takes into account not only numerical properties but also architectural ones, focusing on cache memory exploitation and parallel characteristics. Experimental results for the sequential algorithms have been obtained on two different systems based on the MIPS R10000 processor but with different L2 cache sizes (an SGI O2 workstation and an SGI Origin 2000 system). Two different parallel implementations for the latter robust approach have been considered. the first one has optimal parallel characteristics but due to deterioration of the convergence properties its realistic efficiency is not satisfactory. In the second one, some processors remain idle during a short period of time on every multigrid cycle, however the algorithm is more efficient since it preserves the numerical properties of the sequential version. parallel experiments have also been taken on a Cray T3E system. © 2000 ieee.

关键词： Cache memory

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Gypsy: A component-based mobile agent system 8

Gypsy: A component-based mobile agent system

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8th Euromicro Workshop on parallel and distributed processing, EURO-PDP 2000

作者： Jazayeri, M. Lugmayr, W.A. Distributed Systems Group Technical University of Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)0769505007

Gypsy is a component-based, dynamically extensible environment for mobile agent systems. the runtime environment consists of lightweight servers that provide a distributed execution environment for agents, and a remote administration tool that supports the set-up and shutdown of servers and agents. A server hosts a number of places to which agents may move to execute their functions. Each place is specialized to support a particular service. A supervisor agent may contain several worker agents that may execute concurrently. A supervisor agent travels from place to place according to its itinerary and launches its workers at appropriate places. A mobile agent is the basic abstraction from which all other components, including servers and supervisor agents, are constructed. the primary goal of the Gypsy project is to build a multi-language, extensible environment for experimenting with mobile agents as a programming paradigm. the environment is implemented in Java and currently supports agents written in the Java or Python programming languages. this paper presents an overview of the Gypsy project, the current system architecture and the design of the important components of the Gypsy system. © 2000 ieee.

关键词： Java programming language

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Groups in bulk synchronous parallel computing 8

Groups in bulk synchronous parallel computing

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8th Euromicro Workshop on parallel and distributed processing, EURO-PDP 2000

作者： Gonzalez, J.A. Leon, C. Piccoli, F. Printista, M. Roda, J.L. Rodriguez, C. Sande, F. Departamento de E.I.O.C. Universidad de La Laguna Facultad de Matemáticas Tenerife Spain Universidad N. de San Luis Ejercito de los Andes 950 San Luis Argentina

ISBN: (纸本)0769505007

An extension to the Bulk Synchronous parallel Model (BSP) to allow the use of asynchronous BSP groups of processors is presented. In this model, called Nested BSP, processor groups can be divided and processors in a group synchronize through group dependent collective operations generalizing the concept of barrier synchronization. A classification of problems and algorithms attending to their parallel input-output distribution is provided. For one of these problem classes, the called common-common class, we present a general strategy to derive efficient parallel algorithms. Algorithms belonging to this class allow the arbitrary division of the processor subsets, easing the opportunities of the underlying BSP software to divide the network in independent sub networks, minimizing the impact of the traffic in the rest of the network in the predicted cost. the expressiveness of the model is exemplified through three divide and conquer programs. the computational results for these programs in six high performance supercomputers show both the accuracy of the model and the optimality of the speedups for the class of problems considered. © 2000 ieee.

关键词： Supercomputers

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parallel discrete event IP network emulator

Parallel discrete event IP network emulator

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Proceedings of the 8th Interantional symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecomunication System

作者： Bradford, Russell Simmonds, Rob Unger, Brian Univ of Bath Bath United Kingdom

Testing distributed applications over the Internet is fraught with problems: due to the inability, to control a wide area network consistent, reproduceable performance experiments are not possible. Here a system is described that uses a parallel discrete event simulator that can act as a real-time network emulator. Real Internet Protocol (IP) traffic generated by application programs running on user workstations can interact with modelled traffic in the emulator, thus providing a controlled test environment for distributed applications. parallel execution enables the emulator to simulate large virtual networks and to model traffic interactions that could not be done in real-time sequentially. this paper gives an overview of the emulator and explores the various external data routing methods that the emulator supports. these routing methods allow the emulator to be operated in shared environments with certain constraints, as well as in dedicated test environments. Preliminary performance results are included.

关键词： Network protocols

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Using agent wills to provide fault-tolerance in distributed shared memory systems 8

Using agent wills to provide fault-tolerance in distributed ...

引用

8th Euromicro Workshop on parallel and distributed processing, EURO-PDP 2000

作者： Rowstron, A. Microsoft Research Ltd. St. George House 1 Guildhall Street CambridgeCB2 3NH United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)0769505007

In this paper we describe how we use mobile objects to provide distributed programs coordinating through a persistent distributed shared memory (DSM) with tolerance to sudden agent failure, and use the increasingly popular Linda-like tuple space languages as an example for implementation of the concept. In programs coordinating and communicating through a DSM a data structure is shared between multiple agents, and the agents update the shared structure directly. However, if an agent should suddenly fail it is often hard for the agents to make the data structures consistent with the new application state. For example consider if a data structure contains a list of active agents. In such a case, transactions can be used when adding and removing agent names from the list ensuring that that the data structure is consistent and does not become corrupted should an agent fail. However If failure of the agent occurs after the name has been added, how does the application ensure the list is correct? We argue that using mobile objects we can provide wills for the agents to effectively enable them to ensure the shared data structure is application consistent, even once they have Sailed We show how we have integrated the use of agent wills into a Linda system and show that we have not increased the complexity, of program writing. the integration is simple and general, does not alter the underlying semantics of the operations performed in the will and the use of mobility is transparent to the programmer. © 2000 ieee.

关键词： Data structures

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Fault tolerance protocols for parallel programs based on replication 8

Fault tolerance protocols for parallel programs based on rep...

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8th International symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems, MASCOTS 2000

作者： Aguilar, Jose Hernandez, Marisela CEMISID Dpto. de Computacion Fac. Ingenierfa Univ. de los Andes Av Tulio Febres Merida5101 Venezuela PRISM Univ. de Versailles 45 Ave. des Etats Unis 78035 France

ISBN: (纸本)076950728X

In this work we propose a fault-tolerant mechanism for parallel programs based on task replication. We use a sequential discrete-event simulator of a distributed system subject to failures to compare a semi-active approach and a passive approach of the protocol. In our model, each time a task of a given parallel program is allocated, a copy of it is stored in a second processor, called the buddy processor. If the original processor fails, the copies of the tasks at the buddy processor will be processed, providing fault tolerance. Some performance measures, such as program execution times and processor utilization factors, are given for the different versions of the mechanism. the perfor-mance has been studied as a function of processor degradation, and program and system sizes. © 2000 ieee.

关键词： Fault tolerance

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Choice of SM/DM parallel ANN implementation for embedded applications

Choice of SM/DM parallel ANN implementation for embedded app...

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7th ieee International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS 2000)

作者： Dvorak, Vaclav Cejka, Rudolf Brno Univ of Technology Brno Czech Republic

this paper examines implementations of a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) on bus-based shared memory (SM) and on distributed memory (DM) multiprocessor systems. the goal has been to optimize HW and SW architectures in order to obtain the fastest response possible. Prototyping parallel MLP algorithms for up to 8 processing nodes with the DM as well as SM memory was done using CSP-based TRANSIM tool. the results of prototyping MLPs of different sizes on various number of processing nodes demonstrate the feasible speedups, efficiency and time responses for the given CPU speed, link speed or bus bandwidth.

关键词： Multilayer neural networks

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