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High performance computing on networks of workstations through the exploitation of function parallelism

High performance computing on networks of workstations throu...

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IEEE international conference on algorithms and architectures for parallel processing (ICAP)

作者： Yung-Lin Liu Hau-Yang Cheng Chung-Ta King Department of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0780342291

parallel programs are often written in the SPMD (single-program-multiple-data) form for exploiting data parallelism in the applications. In this paper, we show that even in SPMD programs further parallelism can be extracted by considering the function parallelism in the programs. Exploiting function parallelism is especially important for parallel systems using the NOW (network of workstations) approach. this is because the high communication overhead in such systems can be hidden with explicit control over the function parallelism. In this paper we describe a general methodology for exploiting function parallelism in SPMD programs and discuss the considerations involved in realizing such parallelism with the multithreading facility supported by most workstations today. the resultant multithreaded parallel program is still coded in the SPMD form. We demonstrate the application of this technique to a PDE solver, which solves a system of linear equations using Jacobi relaxation. Experiments on an 8-node NOW confirm that the performance of an SPMD program can be improved further by exploiting its function parallelism.

关键词： High performance computing Workstations parallel processing Jacobian matrices Data mining Communication system control Multithreading Equations Concurrent computing Yarn

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Architecture design of motion estimation for ITU-T H.263

Architecture design of motion estimation for ITU-T H.263

引用

1997 conference on Visual Communications and Image processing

作者： Ku, CW Lin, GS Chen, LG Lee, YP National Taiwan Univ. (Taiwan)

ISBN: (纸本)0819424358

Digitalized video and audio system has become the trend of the progress in multimedia, because it provides great performance in quality and feasibility of processing. However, as the huge amount of information is needed while the bandwidth is limitted, data compression plays an important role in the system. Say, for a 176 x 144 monochromic sequence with 10 frames/sec frame rate, the bandwidth is about 2Mbps. this wastes much channel resource and limits the applications. MPEG (moving picttre ezpert groip) standardizes the video codec scheme, and it performs high compression ratio while providing good quality. MPEG-i is used for the frame size about 352 x 240 and 30 frames per second, and MPEG-2 provides scalibility and can be applied on scenes with higher definition, say HDTV (high definition television). On the other hand, some applications concerns the very low bit-rate, such as videophone and video-conferencing. Because the channel bandwidth is much limitted in telephone network, a very high compression ratio must be required. ITU-T announced the H.263 video coding standards to meet the above requirements.8 According to the simulation results of TMN-5,22 it outperforms 11.263 with little overhead of complexity. Since wireless communication is the trend in the near future, low power design of the video codec is an important issue for portable visual telephone. Motion estimation is the most computation consuming parts in the whole video codec. About 60% of the computation is spent on this parts for the encoder. Several architectures were proposed for efficient processing of block matching algorithms. In this paper, in order to meet the requirements of 11.263 and the expectation of low power consumption, a modified sandwich architecture in21 is proposed. Based on the parallel processing philosophy, low power is expected and the generation of either one motion vector or four motion vectors with half-pixel accuracy is achieved concurrently. In additi

关键词： Motion estimation Video Video compression Computer programming parallel processing Video coding Visualization Data compression Multimedia Video processing

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PRIPES: a multiprocessor based system for programming and controlling manipulators in robotic applications

PRIPES: a multiprocessor based system for programming and co...

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international conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)

作者： Ch. Pelich H. Mosemann F.M. Wahl Institute of Robotics and Computer Control Technical University of Braunschweig Brunswick Germany

Powerful robot controlling systems especially designed for demanding robotic applications like assembly planning strongly depend on its hard- and software resources. In this paper we present a powerful parallel robot independent programming and controlling environment with simulation capabilities (PRIPES). Based on an open multiprocessor architecture PRIPES provides an easy programming interface for robotic applications. Due to its full support of dynamic processing and its real-time capable communication subsystem, it provides the basic requirements for high sophisticated processes, e.g. for monitoring purposes in compliant motion applications. Consequently, PRIPES supports the implementation of parallel algorithms, which can be used to significantly reduce calculation times consumed by numerical complex algorithms. Subsequently, we give first results in implementing a parallelized algorithm for calculating stable orientations of assemblies in order to prove the capabilities of PRIPES.

关键词： Robot programming Robotic assembly Application software Robot control Control systems Assembly systems Power system planning parallel robots parallel programming Communication system control

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the singularity loci of two triangular parallel manipulators

The singularity loci of two triangular parallel manipulators

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international conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)

作者： C.L. Collins J.M. McCarthy Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Irvine CA USA

We study the Jacobian of spatial parallel manipulators that have triangular base and top platform architectures with 2-2-2 and 3-2-1 actuator configurations. the Jacobian matrix is formulated using dual quaternion coordinates. the zero locus of the determinant of the resulting Jacobian is what we refer to as the singularity loci. the result is an eighth order polynomial in the dual quaternion coordinates. the loci of singular positions for a fixed orientation for the 2-2-2 actuator arrangement is a cubic surface. the loci of singular positions for the 3-2-1 actuator arrangement is also a cubic surface, which factors into three planes.

关键词： Actuators Quaternions Jacobian matrices Kinematics Transmission line matrix methods Manipulators Aerospace engineering Polynomials Design methodology Geometry

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European law databases: an experiment in retrieval

European law databases: an experiment in retrieval

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international Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications

作者： P.J. O'Shea E. Wilson Computing Laboratory University of Kent Canterbury Kent UK

the project presented has looked at novel retrieval methods for a variety of legal documents using the DAP parallel processor. the system has three main components: the document selector-this may be either the DAPText index server or any other suitable retrieval engine (DAPText is a database indexing engine from Cambridge parallel processing which runs on the DAP 610C, a massively parallel Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) processor; the object server or document retriever that returns the full text of selected documents; and the graphical user interface (GUI) that manages the interactions-for example, it translates the user queries into a form appropriate for the retrieval engine being used and converts the retrieved documents from the database storage format into Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) for the Web.

关键词： Databases Information retrieval Engines Law Digital audio players Graphical user interfaces Legal factors Indexes Indexing parallel processing

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Optimal automatic hardware synthesis for signal processing algorithms

Optimal automatic hardware synthesis for signal processing a...

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international conference on Digital Signal processing (DSP)

作者： N. Koziris G. Economakos T. Andronikos G. Papakonstantinou P. Tsanakas Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Computer Science Division National and Technical University of Athens Zografou Greece

this paper presents a complete methodology for the automatic synthesis of VLSI architectures used in digital signal processing. Most signal processing algorithms have the form of an n-dimensional nested loop with unit uniform loop carried dependencies. We model such algorithms with generalized UET grids. We calculate the optimal makespan for the generalized UET grids and then we establish the minimum number of systolic cells required for achieving the optimal makespan. We present a complete methodology for the hardware synthesis of the resulting architecture, based on VHDL. this methodology automatically detects all necessary computation and communication elements and produces optimal layouts. the complexity of our proposed scheduling policy is completely independent of the size of the nested loop and depends only on its dimension, thus being the most efficient (in terms of complexity) known to us. All these methods were implemented and incorporated in an integrated software package which provides the designer with a powerful parallel design environment, from high level signal processing algorithmic specifications to low-level (i.e., actual layouts) optimal implementation. the evaluation was performed using well-known algorithms from signal processing.

关键词： Hardware Signal synthesis Signal processing Signal processing algorithms Signal design Algorithm design and analysis Very large scale integration Digital signal processing Computer architecture Processor scheduling

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A linear array parallel image processor: SliM-II

A linear array parallel image processor: SliM-II

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international conference on Application Specific Systems (ASAP), architectures and Processors

作者： Hunman Chang Soohwan Ong M.H. Sunwoo School of Electrical and Electronics Eng Ajou University Suwon South Korea

this paper describes architectures and design of a general purpose parallel image processor chip called a SliM-II Image Processor. the chip has a linear array of 64 processing elements (PEs), operates at 30 MHz in the worst case simulation and gives 1.92 GIPS. SIiM-II can greatly reduce the inter-PE communication overhead, due to the idea of sliding that is overlapping inter-PE communication with computation. In contrast to existing array processors, each PE has a multiplier that is quite effective for convolution, template matching, etc. the instruction set can execute an ALU operation, data I/O, and inter-PE communication simultaneously in an instruction cycle. In addition, during the ALU/multiplier operation, SliM-II provides parallel load/store between the register file and on-chip memory as in DSP chips. the bandwidth of data I/O and inter-PE communication increases due to bit-parallel paths. We developed VHDL models and performed logic synthesis using the COMPASS/sup TM/ CAD tool. We used the COMPASS/sup TM/ 3.3 V 0.6 /spl mu/m standard cell library (v8r4.9.1). the total number of transistors is about 1.5 millions. the SliM-II chip is being fabricated at the LG Semiconductor Co,, Ltd. the performance estimation shows a significant improvement for algorithms requiring multiplications compared with existing array processors.

关键词： Clocks Registers Image processing Convolution Digital signal processing chips Bandwidth Logic design Streaming media Frequency Design automation

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High performance multimedia database system support for image processing

High performance multimedia database system support for imag...

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international Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications

作者： F. Andres K. Ono A. Makinouchi K. Kaneko Research and Development NACSIS Tokyo Japan Department of Intelligent Systems Kyushu University Japan

the paper describes the design concept and the implementation of the imaging database, Online Image Delivery System (OLIDS). We propose a new framework to support vertically parallel image processing in multimedia database systems. We present a generic and customizable framework for specifying an image query execution plan that permits the DBMS to optimize and execute parallel image processing. Moreover, it is important to provide the multimedia applications with the capability for customizing the information server according to specific requirements. this customization capability also provides both challenges and opportunities in building high performance multimedia and image systems. Applications such as Active hypermedia project or MODOS (Museum project between LRMF (France), NMWA and NACSIS (Japan)) demonstrate the usefulness of the customizable feature of the application oriented DBMS, Phasme, a microkernel database system, tested and extended inside NACSIS.

关键词： Multimedia databases Image processing Algebra Image databases Multimedia systems Query processing Kernel Database systems System testing Data structures

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Optimally synchronizing DOACROSS loops on shared memory multiprocessors

Optimally synchronizing DOACROSS loops on shared memory mult...

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international conference on parallel Architecture and Compilation Techniques (PACT)

作者： R. Rajamony A.L. Cox Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Rice Univ. Houston TX USA Computer Science Rice University Houston TX USA

We present two algorithms to minimize the amount of synchronization added when parallelizing a loop with loop-carried dependences. In contrast to existing schemes, our algorithms add lesser synchronization, while preserving the parallelism that can be extracted from the loop. Our first algorithm uses an interval graph representation of the dependence "overlap" to find a synchronization placement in time almost linear in the number of dependences. Although this solution may be suboptimal, it is still better than that obtained using existing methods, which first eliminate redundant dependences and then synchronize the remaining ones. Determining the optimal synchronization is an NP-complete problem. Our second algorithm therefore uses integer programming to determine the optimal solution. We first use a polynomial-time algorithm to find a minimal search space that must contain the optimal solution. then, we formulate the problem of choosing the minimal synchronization from the search space as a set-cover problem, and solve it exactly using 0-1 integer programming. We show the performance impact of our algorithms by synchronizing a set of synthetic loops on an 8-processor Convex Exemplar. the greedily synchronized loops ran between 7% and 22% faster than those synchronized by the best existing algorithm. Relative to the same base, the optimally synchronized loops ran between 10% and and 22% faster.

关键词： parallel processing Linear programming Radio access networks Random access memory Computer science Automatic logic units NP-complete problem Polynomials Optimizing compilers

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Real-time grasping of unknown objects based on computer vision

Real-time grasping of unknown objects based on computer visi...

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international conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)

作者： P.J. Sanz A.P. del Pohil J.M. Inesta Department of Computer Science Jaume I University Castellon Spain

We present an integrated system for vision-guided grasping in the real world. By using very limited resources-a standard personal computer and a robot-mounted camera-an inexpensive robot arm stably grasps unknown planar objects in real time by using visual perception and a standard parallel-jaw gripper. In a simple, yet powerful fashion our system integrates computer vision, grasping and vision-guided control. Novel techniques are presented to solve the involved problems under the imposed resource constraints: namely, for information reduction in image processing, strategies for grasp determination and vision-guided control for grasp execution. Particularly, a novel technique called curvature-symmetry fusion is used to help in efficient grasp determination. the system provides the user with a quantitative measure of the degree of stability of the planned grasp. Experimental results are provided. the imposed resource constraints makes it suitable for short-term applications in the real world, such as service or medical.

关键词： Computer vision Friction Grippers parallel robots Robot vision systems Visual perception Computer science Microcomputers Real time systems Control systems

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