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On the Requirements for Quality Composability Modeling and Analysis

On the Requirements for Quality Composability Modeling and A...

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ieee international symposium on object/component/Service-oriented real-time distributed computing Workshops (ISORCW)

作者： Javier Fernandez Briones Miguel de Miguel Juan Pedro Silva Alejandro Alonso Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Spain Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Madrid Comunidad de Madrid ES

real-time, embedded and safety-critical systems have to meet some quality criteria in order to provide certain reliance on its operation. the quality of a system depends on the complex composition of the quality of its subsystems. Quality composability depends on matchmaking the provided and required quality specifications. To allow for flexibility during the system design, we study composability as a configuration problem. We allow options of quality specifications to represent design choices, deployment choices, operation modes or component adaptability. this kind of assessments of system architectures is very important e.g., for COTS development. the contributions of this paper are: to study the modeling requirements to model composability analysis, to compare two modeling approaches, and to show how a model-driven environment can leverage composability assessments. the two modeling approaches, QoS-FT + OCL and MARTE + VSL, are used to attach quality specifications to system models. However, our ultimate goal is to evaluate these specifications, and we have implemented tool-support to evaluate composability using constraint satisfaction techniques.

关键词： Performance analysis Documentation Hazards Refining Computer industry Computer architecture Railway safety Rail transportation real time systems distributed computing

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Design Space Exploration of object Caches with Cross-Profiling

Design Space Exploration of Object Caches with Cross-Profili...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Martin Schoeberl Walter Binder Alex Villazón Department of Informatics and Mathematical Modeling Technical University of Denmark Denmark Faculty of Informatics University of Lugano Switzerland Centro de Investigaciones de Nuevas Tecnologías Informáticas (CINTI) Universidad Privada Boliviana Bolivia

To avoid data cache trashing between heap-allocated data and other data areas, a distinct object cache has been proposed for embedded real-time Java processors. this object cache uses high associativity in order to statically track different object pointers for worst-case execution-time analysis. However, before implementing such an object cache, an empirical analysis of different organization forms is needed. We use a cross-profiling technique based on aspect-oriented programming in order to evaluate different object cache organizations with standard Java benchmarks. From the evaluation we conclude that field access exhibits some temporal locality, but almost no spatial locality. therefore, filling long cache lines on a miss just introduces a high miss penalty without increasing the hit rate enough to make up for the increased miss penalty. For an object cache, it is more efficient to fill individual words within the cache line on a miss.

关键词： Benchmark testing Java Organizations Program processors Standards organizations SDRAM

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Hierarchical Composition of Parametric WCET in a component Based Approach

Hierarchical Composition of Parametric WCET in a Component B...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： thomas Leveque Etienne Borde Amine Marref Jan Carlson Mälardalen Real-Time Research Centre Mälardalen University Sweden

Worst Case Execution time (WCET) computation is crucial to the overall timing analysis of real-time embedded systems. Facing the ever increasing complexity of such systems, techniques dedicated to WCET analysis can take advantage of component Based Software Engineering (CBSE) by decomposing a difficult problem into smaller pieces, easier to analyse. To achieve this objective, the corresponding analysis results have to be composed to provide timing guarantees on the whole system. In this paper, we express the WCET of a component as a formula, allowing to represent its different computational modes. We then propose a Model Driven Engineering (MDE) approach that derives parametric WCET for composite components from parametric WCET of their subcomponents. this approach gives more accurate WCET estimates than naaive additive compositional analysis by taking into account usage context of components. However, analysis scalability concerns lead us to consider a trade-off between precision and scalability. this trade-off can be specified in the model. the composition of WCET estimations is automated and produces the parametric WCET expression of the composite component under analysis. this approach has been integrated in PRIDE.

关键词： Estimation Timing Scalability Roads Embedded systems

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An Architecture to Support Dynamic Service Composition in distributed real-time Systems

An Architecture to Support Dynamic Service Composition in Di...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Iria Estevez-Ayres Luis Almeida Marisol Garcia-Valls Pablo Basanta-Val Univ. Carlos III de Madrid Leganés Madrid Spain DET / IEETA-LSE Universidade de Aveiro Aveiro Portugal Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Leganés Madrid Spain

Recently, new trends in application development for distributed platforms, such as the composable services model, attempt to provide more flexibility in system design, deployment and execution. Such trends, and particularly the referred composable services model, can also be beneficial in real-time distributed embedded systems, also providing a means to support more adaptive behaviors, reacting to the execution environment or coping with system reconfiguration. this paper explores a relatively new direction, which is the extension of the service-based model to dynamic, i.e. at run-time, composition in real-time distributed environments, in order to support the level of flexibility and adaptibility referred above. the paper proposes an architecture to support such dynamic service composition that is based on the flexible time triggered communication paradigm (FTT).To achieve the desired goal, we also redefine the concepts of service and service-based application in the concept of the FTT paradigm. Finally, we show experimental results obtained with a prototype implementation of the proposed architecture that confirm its feasibility and good temporal behavior

关键词： real time systems Application software Embedded system Load management Hardware distributed computing Filters Fault tolerance Performance analysis Switches

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Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation of Artificial Immune Systems

Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation of Artificial Immune Sys...

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ieee international symposium on object/component/Service-oriented real-time distributed computing Workshops (ISORCW)

作者： Norma Montealegre Franz J. Rammig Design of Distributed Embedded Systems Group Heinz Nixdorf Institute Paderborn Germany

Agent-based modeling and simulation is a way to model the behavior of populations of components and their interactions within a system. the key of this approach is to model the components of the system as autonomous agents and to simulate their behavior for evaluating the system as a whole. that is very useful for observing the emergence of properties in social, biological, environmental or financial systems, among others. Artificial immune systems, which is a sub field of artificial intelligence, comprises systems modeled by simplifying models from the biological immune system. If agent-based modeling and simulation is used as a laboratory for understanding the biological immune system then, it can also be used for transferring the observed principles into artificial immune system models or for evaluating models that have been already adapted for solving technical problems. this paper presents first, a methodology for transferring principles of the biological immune system into the field of artificial immune systems. then, it presents a brief explanation of the behavior of the cells of the biological immune system, which are treated as internal agents inside a biological organism. Afterwards, the modeling of some selected type of cells and the simulation of the whole simplified system are presented. In the end, the principles of that simplified system are transferred into the design of an alarm management system for the smart grid.

关键词： Immune system Pathogens Biological system modeling Adaptation models object oriented modeling Computational modeling

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Fast Fault-Tolerant time Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks

Fast Fault-Tolerant Time Synchronization for Wireless Sensor...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Sunggu Lee Ungjin Jang Junyoung Park Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9780769531328

A wireless sensor network (WSN) typically consists of a large number of small-sized devices that have very low computational capability, small amounts of memory and the need to conserve energy as much as possible (most commonly by entering suspended mode for extended periods of time). Previous approaches for WSN time synchronization do not satisfactorily address all of the requirements of WSN environments. thus, this paper proposes a new fault-tolerant WSN time sychronization algorithm that is extremely fast (when compared to previous algorithms), achieves a guaranteed level of time synchronization for all non-faulty nodes, can accommodate nodes that enter suspended mode and then wake up, utilizes very little communication and computation resources (thereby leaving those resources available for use by other applications), operates in a completely decentralized manner and tolerates up to f faulty nodes. the efficacy of the proposed algorithm is shown using analysis and experimental results.

关键词： Fault tolerance Wireless sensor networks distributed computing Frequency synchronization Computer networks Application software Solids Mathematical analysis Power engineering and energy Algorithm design and analysis

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First Experiments Using the UML Profile for MARTE

First Experiments Using the UML Profile for MARTE

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Sébastien Demathieu Frédéric thomas Charles André Sébastien Gérard François Terrier Thales Research and Technology (UK) Limited Palaiseau France CEA LIST Gif-sur-Yvette France CNRS/INRIA I3S Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis France

ISBN: (纸本)9780769531328

A UML profile for Modeling and Analysis of real-time and Embedded systems (MARTE) has been recently standardized by the OMG. this initiative meets the needs of several thales divisions (e.g., aerospace, land and joint and air systems), which develop real-time and embedded systems. CEA LIST, INRIA and thales have been the main contributors to the MARTE standard through the ProMARTE consortium. To foster the deployment of MARTE in thales divisions, we have launched the development of a case study related to a real-time and embedded system using the MARTE adopted specification. As a first step of this study, we make use of a fictive system- the Josefil challenge-to evaluate whether the profile is applicable to the thales current systems and software engineering practices. the purpose of this paper is to report on this first stage and outline the next scheduled activities.

关键词： Unified modeling language real time systems Embedded system Software engineering Performance analysis Job shop scheduling Costs Proposals Hardware object oriented modeling

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A framework for enhancing dependability in self-x systems by Artificial Immune Systems

A framework for enhancing dependability in self-x systems by...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Franz Rammig Katharina Stahl Gavin Vaz Design of Distributed Embedded Systems Research Group University of Paderborn Paderborn Germany

In self-adapting embedded real-time systems, operating systems and software provide mechanisms to self-adapt to changing requirements. Autonomous adaptation decisions introduce novel risks as they may lead to unforeseen system behavior that could not have been specified within a design-time model. However, as part of its functionality the operating system has to ensure the reliability of the entire self-x system during run-time. In this paper, we present our work in progress for an operating system framework which aims to identify anomalous or malicious system states at run-time without a sophisticated specification-time model. Inspired by the Artificial Immune Systems Danger theory, we propose an anomaly detection mechanism that operates not only on the local system behavior information of the monitored component. Furthermore, to ensure an efficient behavior evaluation, the anomaly detection mechanism implies system-wide input signals that indicate e.g the existence of a potential danger within the overall system or the occurrence of a system adaption. Due to the ability of this framework to cope with dynamically changing behavior and to identify unintended behavioral deviations, it seems to be a promising approach to enhance the run-time dependability of a self-x system.

关键词： Immune system real-time systems Monitoring Kernel Context Detectors

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An Infrastructure for Hardware-Software Co-Design of Embedded real-time Java Applications

An Infrastructure for Hardware-Software Co-Design of Embedde...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Elias Teodoro Silva Jr. David Andrews Carlos Eduardo Pereira Flávio Rech Wagner Information and Telecommunication Technology Center University of Kansas USA Instituto de Informática Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Brazil Telecommunication and Computing Department Federal Center of Technological Education of Ceará Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9780769531328

the partitioning of applications into hardware and software is an important issue in embedded systems, opening room for high level specifications as well as the exploration of different implementation strategies. this paper presents a software architecture to specify threads in hardware in the context of the real time specification for Java (RTSJ) standard. there is a Java class that encapsulates hardware components, providing an abstraction layer to the application developer. Below this Java class, a wrapper hardware component provides a standard interface between RTSJ-based software components and the hardware that implements the thread behavior. this approach provides a high flexibility in choosing either a hardware or software implementation, allowing to postpone hardware/software partitioning to the very end of system development. the paper includes some quantitative data from an example containing hardware and software threads. While both implementations are compatible with the rest of the application from an interface point- of-view, they lead to very different timing and area results.

关键词： Java Hardware Yarn Application software real time systems Embedded system Middleware distributed computing Educational technology Software standards

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the Behavior Analysis of Flash-Memory Storage Systems

The Behavior Analysis of Flash-Memory Storage Systems

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Po-Chun Huang Yuan-Hao Chang Tei-Wei Kuo Jen-Wei Hsieh Miller Lin Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan R.O.C. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taiwan R.O.C. Genesys Logic Taiwan R.O.C

ISBN: (纸本)9780769531328

Performance and reliability are two major design concerns of flash-memory storage systems, especially for low-cost products. Although various excellent flash- memory management schemes are proposed, there is little work done on how to evaluate the designs or implementations of flash-memory storage systems. Many of the existing evaluation workloads for flash-memory storage systems still rely on those based on hard disks. this work aims at the needs of behavior analysis of flash-memory storage systems and their evaluations. In particular, a set of evaluation metrics and their corresponding access patterns are proposed. the behaviors of flash memory are also analyzed in terms of performance and reliability issues.

关键词： Flash memory Performance analysis Drives Computer science Design engineering Hard disks System performance Random access memory real time systems distributed computing

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