this paper describes a new self-testing 1-bit full adder. this circuit consists of three polymorphic NAND/NOR gates, two XOR gates and two inverters. the adder is able to detect a reasonable number of stuck-at-faults ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424411610
this paper describes a new self-testing 1-bit full adder. this circuit consists of three polymorphic NAND/NOR gates, two XOR gates and two inverters. the adder is able to detect a reasonable number of stuck-at-faults without the need of any additional logic and diagnostic signals. A fault is indicated by oscillations at the carry-out output. Properties of n-bit carry-propagate adder which is composed of the proposed 1-bit self-testing adders are investigated.
Fault tolerant design has recently gained new attention due to the increasing volatility of nano-electroniccircuits from transient fault effects. Latches and flip-flops are the potential sources of errors. Novel desi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424411610
Fault tolerant design has recently gained new attention due to the increasing volatility of nano-electroniccircuits from transient fault effects. Latches and flip-flops are the potential sources of errors. Novel designs of fault-tolerant flip-flops encompass multiple latches, which can also be used to accommodate the double-latched scan for dynamic test. the resulting scan-path elements are fault-tolerant for functional operation and static scan test.
Withthe shrinking technology and increasing statistical defects, multiple design respins are required based on yield learning. Hence, a solution is required to efficiently diagnose the failure types of memory during ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424411610
Withthe shrinking technology and increasing statistical defects, multiple design respins are required based on yield learning. Hence, a solution is required to efficiently diagnose the failure types of memory during production in the shortest time frame possible. this paper introduces a novel method of fault classification through image based prognosis of predefined fail signature dictionary. In contrary to the existing Bitmap Diagnosis methodologies, this method predicts the compressed failure map without generating and transferring complete Bitmap to the tester. the proposed methodology supports testing through a very low cost ATE. this architecture is partitioned to achieve sharing among various memories and at-speed testing.
this paper addresses an efficient concurrent fault detection scheme for the SBox hardware implementation of the AES algorithm. Concurrent fault detection is important not only to protect the encryption/decryption proc...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424411610
this paper addresses an efficient concurrent fault detection scheme for the SBox hardware implementation of the AES algorithm. Concurrent fault detection is important not only to protect the encryption/decryption process from random and production faults. It will also protect the system against side-channel attacks, in particular fault-based attacks, i.e. the injection of faults in order to retrieve the secret key. We will prove that our solution is very effective while keeping the area overhead very low.
Accurate analysis of CMOS gate power dissipation shows that amount of consumed energy depends on a reason of the gate switching. Number of activated inputs and type of applied signals have an influence on dynamic powe...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424411610
Accurate analysis of CMOS gate power dissipation shows that amount of consumed energy depends on a reason of the gate switching. Number of activated inputs and type of applied signals have an influence on dynamic power dissipation of the gate due to dynamic reconfiguration of internal gate parasitic capacitors. therefore, authors propose new modeling of dynamic power dissipation in static CMOS gates. Accurate modeling of dynamic power dissipation needs to take into consideration changes of all input signals. So, authors introduce new measure of digital circuit activity - gate driving way - for precise modeling of power dissipation. Based on conclusions flowing from the model analysis, authors propose method for two-level low-power circuitsdesign.
In the past few decades, medical and biological researches gained more and more attention. the ever-growing need for such researches caused many medical applications to develop. Collecting data from a living human bod...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424411610
In the past few decades, medical and biological researches gained more and more attention. the ever-growing need for such researches caused many medical applications to develop. Collecting data from a living human body is a complex task and needs circumspection. In this paper, specific issues of the most important part of such a data acquisition system is presented, the design of a low pass filter. the major issue to overcome in the design of a system that is aimed at being built into the human body is creating large value capacitances needed to the realization of filters for the specific application. After presenting the special requirements for low pass filters for medical applications the method of creating large capacitors is presented in details in the paper.
Non-volatile embedded Flash (eFlash) memories are very popular in systems-on-a-Chip (SoC). these memories are based on the well-known floating gate concept. While densities and quality constraints are increasing, the ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424411610
Non-volatile embedded Flash (eFlash) memories are very popular in systems-on-a-Chip (SoC). these memories are based on the well-known floating gate concept. While densities and quality constraints are increasing, the reliability becomes a growing up issue. For eFlash memories, endurance and retention issues are at the root of reliability losses. To improve reliability, eFlash memories designs usually use techniques such as Error Correcting Codes (ECC), Redundancy and threshold Voltage (V-T) Analysis. In this paper, an implementation of these techniques is proposed through an architecture. thanks to eFlash specificity, the correction capacity is improved via a double correction scheme. Additionally, each time an operation is performed on a memory element, a smart reliability management tracks online errors and weak bits. When few issues in a word catch out the double error correction scheme, a Refresh and Repair with row redundancy process is engaged.
Increasing level of process variation in the sub-100nm silicon technology is becoming an important issue. In this paper we describe an approach to estimate the impact of process variations on the static CMOS and the d...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424411610
Increasing level of process variation in the sub-100nm silicon technology is becoming an important issue. In this paper we describe an approach to estimate the impact of process variations on the static CMOS and the dual-rail PLA down to 32nm process. this approach is built on accurate variation modeling, published data including the ITRS, Predictive Technology Models, and Monte-Carlo analysis. the analysis results show that a challenge due to insufficient noise margins is posed to the static CMOS at 32nm, and to the dual-rail PLA from 90nm. then a one-side virtual ground structure is also proposed to improve the noise margins of the dual-rail PLA. the improved dual-rail PLA is shown to work down to 32nm process with keeping an operational margin of 150mv.
Hardware accelerators for approximate string matching play an important role in an increasing number of modern bioinformatic applications. they are able to reduce the task complexity from quadratic to linear and show ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424411610
Hardware accelerators for approximate string matching play an important role in an increasing number of modern bioinformatic applications. they are able to reduce the task complexity from quadratic to linear and show a speed up in orders of hundreds when compared withthe respective software implementation. However, their wider use is limited by the lack of flexibility and modularity required by often variable tasks. In this respect, it is desirable to develop a procedure for automatic design and implementation of such accelerators' to reach high performance and efficiency typical for strongly optimized architectures, with as little human effort on the side of the designer as possible. this paper proposes the essential element of such a procedure, a method for the calculation of generic hardware architecture parameters. the proposed method is evaluated on a range of typical approximate string matching tasks. It demonstrates the differences in the designed architecture, when performance of individual tasks is maximized.
Modern FPLD devices have a very complex structure. they combine PLA-like structures as well as FPGA9;s and even memory-based structures. However, the lack of an appropriate synthesis method does not allow the featu...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424411610
Modern FPLD devices have a very complex structure. they combine PLA-like structures as well as FPGA's and even memory-based structures. However, the lack of an appropriate synthesis method does not allow the features of the modern FPLD's to be fully exploited. In this paper, an important problem of state assignment for an FSM as an extension of the previous research on ROM-based FSM implementation is presented. We pinpoint the sources of additional optimization of the functional decomposition and relate them to the state encoding conditions. the method is based on a reduction of a state assignment problem to a graph coloring problem. To this end, the so called multi-graph of incompatibility of memory T-words is applied. As a result, a new design technique for implementation of sequential circuits using embedded memory blocks of FPGA's has been developed. Preliminary experimental results are extremely encouraging.
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