In this work, we introduce a novel approach to digit-serial/parallel multiplication. this general class of multipliers is based on shift-accumulation which also makes the approach suitable for implementation of shift-...
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In this work, we introduce a novel approach to digit-serial/parallel multiplication. this general class of multipliers is based on shift-accumulation which also makes the approach suitable for implementation of shift-accumulators in distributed arithmetic. As a variable in the design process, the maximal number of cascaded full-adders can be selected. thus, it is possible to, as a special case, obtain a bit-level pipelined multiplier. Both general and fixed coefficient multiplication is considered. the hardware complexity is low compared with other approaches.
Piecewise linear (PWL) circuits operating on sigma-delta (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/) modulated signals are proposed. the proposed circuit library includes an absolute circuit, a min/max selector and a negative resistance...
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Piecewise linear (PWL) circuits operating on sigma-delta (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/) modulated signals are proposed. the proposed circuit library includes an absolute circuit, a min/max selector and a negative resistance. As an application of the PWL circuits, a median filter is presented. It is structured with 23% of logic gates consumed by an equivalent filter with 8-bit parallel signal form. It is expected that application of /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ domain signal processing including proposed PWL operations to other modern information processing and communication systems such as neural networks and chaotic communication systems will reduce their hardware cost.
In this paper, we propose a new architecture for hardware implementation of digital neural network, called ERNA (expansible and reconfigurable neural network architecture). By adopting flexible ladder-style bus and in...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9810475241
In this paper, we propose a new architecture for hardware implementation of digital neural network, called ERNA (expansible and reconfigurable neural network architecture). By adopting flexible ladder-style bus and internal connection network into the digital neural network based on traditional SIMD architecture, the proposed architecture enables fast processingthat is based on parallelism and pipelining, while does not abandon the flexibility and expandability of the traditional approach. In the proposed architecture, users can change the network topology by setting configuration registers. Such reconfigurability on hardware allows enough usability like software simulation. We implement the proposed design on real FPGA, and configure the chip to multi-layer perceptron with back propagation learning for alphabet recognition problem. Performance comparison with its software counterpart shows its value in the aspects of performance and flexibility.
the shuffled adder, a novel serial adder with a latency proportional to log/sub 2/N, where N is the operand width, is presented. It is derived from the Kogge-Stone adder, reordering the cells to obtain a slice-based s...
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the shuffled adder, a novel serial adder with a latency proportional to log/sub 2/N, where N is the operand width, is presented. It is derived from the Kogge-Stone adder, reordering the cells to obtain a slice-based structure that allows an area-time effective serial implementation. It can be fed withparallel inputs and produce parallel outputs, differently from the digit-serial approach that results in the need for a data-formatter to convert a parallel input into digits, and to collect the digits of the output word. A standard-cell VLSI implementation for different values of N is presented: area-time performances are evaluated through circuit simulations, and compared with digit-serial adders with various digit-size, proving the attractiveness of the proposed structure.
this paper describes an interactive activation model of eye movement control in reading, Glenmore, that can account within one mechanism for preview and spillover effects, for regressions, progressions, and refixation...
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this paper describes an interactive activation model of eye movement control in reading, Glenmore, that can account within one mechanism for preview and spillover effects, for regressions, progressions, and refixations. the model decouples the decision about when to move the eyes from the word recognition process. the time course of activity in a "fixate centre" determines the triggering of a saccade. the other main feature of the model is the use of a saliency map that acts as an arena for the interplay of bottom-up visual features of the text, and top-down lexical features. these factors combine to create a pattern of. activation that selects one word as the saccade target. Even within the relatively simple framework proposed here, a coherent account has been provided for a range of eye movement control phenomena that have hitherto proved problematic to reconcile.
the demand for higher computing power and thus more onchip computing resources is ever increasing. the size of on-chip cache memory has also been consistently increasing. To efficiently utilize silicon real-estate on ...
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In multiagent reinforcement learning, inter-agent credit assignment is a fundamental problem, since a single scalar reinforcement signal is the only reliable feedback that teams of learning agents receive. this proble...
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In multiagent reinforcement learning, inter-agent credit assignment is a fundamental problem, since a single scalar reinforcement signal is the only reliable feedback that teams of learning agents receive. this problem is more critical in groups of independent learners with a joint task. In this research, it is assumed that a critic agent receives the environment feedback and assigns a proper credit to each agent using some measures. three of such measures for a team of cooperative agents with a parallel and AND-type task are introduced. these measures somehow compare the agents' knowledge. One of these criteria, called normal expertness, is a non-relative measure while two other ones (certainty and relative normal expertness) are relative measure. It is experimentally shown that relative measures work better as they contain more information for the critic agent.
the design procedure for high-order single amplifier BP filters is presented. A method for the design of 2/sup nd/- and 4/sup th/-order band-pass (BP) active-RC filters using a modified low-pass to band-pass (LP-BP) f...
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the design procedure for high-order single amplifier BP filters is presented. A method for the design of 2/sup nd/- and 4/sup th/-order band-pass (BP) active-RC filters using a modified low-pass to band-pass (LP-BP) frequency transformation, has already been presented in previous works. It showed that a BP filter could be realized simply by the substitution of resistors and capacitors of the ladder in a low-pass (LP) prototype filter, by serial and parallel RC circuits. Such a substitution results from a so-called "lossy" LP-BP transformation. In this paper, the design procedure is extended to higher-order BP filters, such as 6th- and 8th-order. the design procedure is simple, and the closed-form design equations are presented. Furthermore, it is shown that "impedance tapering" decreases sensitivities to component tolerances for the LP prototype, as well as for the resulting BP filter. Schoeffler's sensitivity measure is used for the sensitivity analysis.
An optimized software implementation of a high quality MPEG AAC-LC (low complexity) audio encoder is presented in this paper. the standard reference encoder is improved by utilizing several algorithmic optimizations (...
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An optimized software implementation of a high quality MPEG AAC-LC (low complexity) audio encoder is presented in this paper. the standard reference encoder is improved by utilizing several algorithmic optimizations (fast psycho-acoustic model, new tonality estimation, new time domain block switching, optimized quantizer and Huffman coder) and very careful code optimizations for PC CPU architectures with SIMD (single-instruction-multiple-data) instruction set. the psychoacoustic model used the MDCT filterbank for energy estimation and peak detection as a measure of tonality. Block size decision is based on local perceptual entropies as well as LPC analysis of the time signal. Algorithmic optimizations in the quantizer include loop control module modification and optimized Huffman search. Code optimization is based on parallelprocessing by replacing vector algebra and math junctions withtheir optimized equivalents with Intel/sup /spl reg// Signal processing Library (SPL). the implemented codec outperforms consumer MP3 encoders at 30% less bitrate at the same time achieving encoding times several times faster than real-time.
A novel endoscope device has been developed based on a new technology of laser scanning using silicon micromirrors for superior resolution and chromatic representation compared withthe existing endoscopes. A critical...
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A novel endoscope device has been developed based on a new technology of laser scanning using silicon micromirrors for superior resolution and chromatic representation compared withthe existing endoscopes. A critical part of this device, that is reported here, is the data-acquisition, control and processing (DACP) system which acquires, processes, displays, stores in real time the collected images and handles the control signals. the software developed uses the multithreading technology for the parallel execution of specific software tasks in the available CPUs of the multiprocessing system employed. In this manner, the necessary computational power is provided for the realization of a high-performance real-time imaging system. First-trial results are also given.
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