Bacillus cereus is a kind of common food-borne pathogen that can cause vomiting and diarrhea shortly after ingestionthe spectroscopy properties of Bacillus cereus were measured using the infrared reflectance spectrosc...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319483535
Bacillus cereus is a kind of common food-borne pathogen that can cause vomiting and diarrhea shortly after ingestionthe spectroscopy properties of Bacillus cereus were measured using the infrared reflectance spectroscopy,which was a nondestructive technologythe influence of Bacillus cereus concen‐tration on the spectroscopy was explored based on the two-dimensional（2D）correlation spectroscopy methodthe results showed that some functional groups of capsule in pure Bacillus cereus culture, such as carboxyl, protein amide I and amide II, C-H methyl and methylene could induced some self-correlation peaks near 1592 cm, 1652 cm, 1512 cm and 1412 cm respectivelySome func‐tional groups of spore, such as COO- group and C-H bond could induced some self-correlation peaks near 1348 cm, 1616 cm and 1592 cm respectivelyIn milk sample, the functional groups of capsule and spore could induced some selfcorrelation peaks toothe infrared spectroscopy combined with 2D correlation spectroscopy analysis method could be a effective method for the Bacillus cereus detection.
the Decision Support for Agrotechnology Transfer(DSSAT) model was a worldwide crop model, and crop accurate simulation of phenology was the premise to realize other functional simulationsthe objective of this study wa...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319483535
the Decision Support for Agrotechnology Transfer(DSSAT) model was a worldwide crop model, and crop accurate simulation of phenology was the premise to realize other functional simulationsthe objective of this study was to attempt to calibrate the parameters of wheat phenology coefficients,including cultivar and ecotype coef ficients, and develop the winter wheat phenology coefficients of Beijing areaTo achieve this goal, field surveys of 7 years in wheat growing seasons in Beijing were carried out during 2005–2012the trail-and-error method and GLUE method were used to calibrate the phenology parameters with 4 growing seasons of 05/06, 06/07, 07/08 and 08/09three growing seasons, 09/10, 10/11, and 11/12 were used for validation, and the results showed good agreements between observed date and predicted *** RMSE of validation data for TS, BT, HD, AN, and MA were 1.63 d, 2.45 d,3.16 d, 1.83 d, 3.56 d, respectivelytherefore, the calibrated parameters could be used to monitor winter wheat phenology, and could be used for other research as the basis phenology parameters of Beijing area.
Background: Expressed sequences (e.g. ESTs) are a strong source of evidence to improve gene structures and predict reliable alternative splicing events. When a genome assembly is available, ESTs are suitable to genera...
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Background: Expressed sequences (e.g. ESTs) are a strong source of evidence to improve gene structures and predict reliable alternative splicing events. When a genome assembly is available, ESTs are suitable to generate gene-oriented clusters through the well-established EasyCluster software. Nowadays, EST-like sequences can be massively produced using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies. In order to handle genome-scale transcriptome data, we present here EasyCluster2, a reimplementation of EasyCluster able to speed up the creation of gene-oriented clusters and facilitate downstream analyses as the assembly of full-length transcripts and the detection of splicing isoforms. Results: EasyCluster2 has been developed to facilitate the genome-based clustering of EST-like sequences generated through the NGS 454 technology. Reads mapped onto the reference genome can be uploaded using the standard GFF3 file format. Alignment parsing is initially performed to produce a first collection of pseudo-clusters by grouping reads according to the overlap of their genomic coordinates on the same strand. EasyCluster2 then refines read grouping by including in each cluster only reads sharing at least one splice site and optionally performs a Smith-Waterman alignment in the region surrounding splice sites in order to correct for potential alignment errors. In addition, EasyCluster2 can include unspliced reads, which generally account for >50% of 454 datasets, and collapses overlapping clusters. Finally, EasyCluster2 can assemble full-length transcripts using a Directed-Acyclic-Graph-based strategy, simplifying the identification of alternative splicing isoforms, thanks also to the implementation of the widespread AStalavista methodology. Accuracy and performances have been tested on real as well as simulated datasets. Conclusions: EasyCluster2 represents a unique tool to cluster and assemble transcriptome reads produced with 454 technology, as well as ESTs and full-length tran
Leaf is one of the most important photosynthetic organs of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.). To quantify relationships between the leaf curve and the corresponding leaf biomass for rapeseed on main stem, this paper present...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319483566
Leaf is one of the most important photosynthetic organs of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.). To quantify relationships between the leaf curve and the corresponding leaf biomass for rapeseed on main stem, this paper presents a biomass-based leaf curvilinear model for rapeseed. Various model variables,including leaf length, bowstring length, tangential angle, and bowstring angle,were parameterized based on data derived from the field experiments with varieties, fertilizer, and transplanting densities during 2011 to 2012, and 2012 to2013 growing seasons. And then we analysed the biological significance of curvilinear equation for straight leaves, constructed the straight leaf probabilistic model on main stem, quantified the relationship between leaf curvature and the corresponding leaf biomass, and constructed the leaf curvilinear model based on the assumption and verification of the curvilinear equation form for curving *** probability of straight leaf can be quantified with piecewise function according to the different trend in the normalized leaf ranks((0, 0.4], and(0.4, 1]). the leaf curvature decreased withthe increasing of leaf biomass, and can be described with reciprocal function. the curve of straight leaf and the curving leaf can be simulated by linear equation and the quadratic function,respectively. Our models were validated withthe independent dataset from the field experiment, and the results indicated that the model could effectively predict the straight leaf probability and leaf curvature, which would be useful for linking the rapeseed growth model withthe rapeseed morphological model, and set the stage for the development offunctional-structural rapeseed models.
A large proportion of the world’s languages use phonological categories centering on vocal pitch to distinguish words. One of these, Mandarin, represents the largest native speaker population of any language in the w...
A large proportion of the world’s languages use phonological categories centering on vocal pitch to distinguish words. One of these, Mandarin, represents the largest native speaker population of any language in the world (SIL international, 2013). Although tones have long been foregrounded in phonetic/phonological work on Mandarin, and have been estimated to carry as much information in Mandarin phonology as vowels (Surendran and Levow, 2003), little is yet known about what happens to the tonal categories in conversation. this acoustic production study aims to detail the relationship between tones produced in casual conversation and those in the careful reading of a word list to determine the separability of tonal categories and the relative utility of acoustic cues in identifying those categories across speech styles. References: SIL international. (2013). “Statistical Summaries.” In Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.), Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Online resource: http://***/statistics/size. Surendran, Dinoj, and Gina-Anne Levow. (2003). “the functional Load of Tone in Mandarin is as High as that of Vowels,” in Proceedings of the internationalconference on Speech Prosody 99–102.
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