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On slicing programs with jump statements 94

On slicing programs with jump statements

引用

Proceedings of the acm sigplan'94 conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Agrawal, Hiralal Bellcore Morristown United States

ISBN: (纸本)089791662X

Program slices have potential uses in many software engineering applications. Traditional slicing algorithms, however, do not work correctly on programs that contain explicit jump statements. Two similar algorithms were proposed recently to alleviate this problem. Both require the flowgraph and the program dependence graph of the program to be modified. In this paper, we propose an alternative algorithm that leaves these graphs intact and uses a separate graph to store the additional required information. We also show that this algorithm permits an extremely efficient, conservative adaptation for use with programs that contain only `structured' jump statements.

关键词： Computer programming

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Linear analysis and optimization of stream programs 03

引用

conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Lamb, AA Thies, W Amarasinghe, S MIT Comp Sci Lab Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781581136623

As more complex DSP algorithms are realized in practice, there is an increasing need for high-level stream abstractions that can be compiled without sacrificing efficiency. Toward this end, we present a set of aggressive optimizations that target linear sections of a stream program. Our input language is StreamIt, which represents programs as a hierarchical graph of autonomous filters. A filter is linear if each of its outputs can be represented as an affine combination of its inputs. Linearity is common in DSP components;examples include FIR filters, expanders, compressors, FFTs and DCTs. We demonstrate that several algorithmic transformations, traditionally hand-tuned by DSP experts, can be completely automated by the compiler. First, we present a linear extraction analysis that automatically detects linear filters from the C-like code in their work function. Then, we give a procedure for combining adjacent linear filters into a single filter, as well as for translating a linear filter to operate in the frequency domain. We also present an optimization selection algorithm, which finds the sequence of combination and frequency transformations that will give the maximal benefit. We have completed a fully-automatic implementation of the above techniques as part of the StreamIt compiler, and we demonstrate a 450% performance improvement over our benchmark suite.

关键词： stream programming streamIt optimization embedded linear systems algebraic simplification DSP FFT

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Compiling a high-level language for GPUs: Via language support for architectures and compilers

Compiling a high-level language for GPUs: Via language suppo...

引用

33rd acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation, PLDI'12

作者： Dubach, Christophe Cheng, Perry Rabbah, Rodric Bacon, David F. Fink, Stephen J. University of Edinburgh United Kingdom IBM Research United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312059

languages such as OpenCL and CUDA offer a standard interface for general-purpose programming of GPUs. However, with these languages, programmers must explicitly manage numerous lowlevel details involving communication and synchronization. This burden makes programming GPUs difficult and error-prone, rendering these powerful devices inaccessible to most programmers. We desire a higher-level programming model that makes GPUs more accessible while also effectively exploiting their computational power. This paper presents features of Lime, a new Javacompatible language targeting heterogeneous systems, that allow an optimizing compiler to generate high quality GPU code. The key insight is that the language type system enforces isolation and immutability invariants that allow the compiler to optimize for a GPU without heroic compiler analysis. Our compiler attains GPU speedups between 75% and 140% of the performance of native OpenCL code. Copyright © 2012 acm.

关键词： Lime

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And Then There Were None: A Stall-Free Real-Time Garbage Collector for Reconfigurable Hardware 12

And Then There Were None: A Stall-Free Real-Time Garbage Col...

引用

33rd acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Bacon, David F. Cheng, Perry Shukla, Sunil IBM Research Hawthorne NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312059

Programmers are turning to radical architectures such as reconfigurable hardware (FPGAs) to achieve performance. But such systems, programmed at a very low level in languages with impoverished abstractions, are orders of magnitude more complex to use than conventional CPUs. The continued exponential increase in transistors, combined with the desire to implement ever more sophisticated algorithms, makes it imperative that such systems be programmed at much higher levels of abstraction. One of the fundamental high-level language features is automatic memory management in the form of garbage collection. We present the first implementation of a complete garbage collector in hardware (as opposed to previous "hardware-assist" techniques), using an FPGA and its on-chip memory. Using a completely concurrent snapshot algorithm, it provides single-cycle access to the heap, and never stalls the mutator for even a single cycle, achieving a deterministic mutator utilization (MMU) of 100%. We have synthesized the collector to hardware and show that it never consumes more than 1% of the logic resources of a high-end FPGA. For comparison we also implemented explicit (malloc/free) memory management, and show that real-time collection is about 4% to 17% slower than malloc, with comparable energy consumption. Surprisingly, in hardware real-time collection is superior to stop-the-world collection on every performance axis, and even for stressful micro-benchmarks can achieve 100% MMU with heaps as small as 1.01 to 1.4 times the absolute minimum.

关键词： design languages Experimentation Performance Block RAM FPGA High Level Synthesis Garbage Collection Real Time

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Bounded Expectations: Resource Analysis for Probabilistic Programs 2018

Bounded Expectations: Resource Analysis for Probabilistic Pr...

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39th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Van Chan Ngo Carbonneaux, Quentin Hoffmann, Jan Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Yale Univ New Haven CT 06520 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450356985

This paper presents a new static analysis for deriving upper bounds on the expected resource consumption of probabilistic programs. The analysis is fully automatic and derives symbolic bounds that are multivariate polynomials in the inputs. The new technique combines manual state-of-the-art reasoning techniques for probabilistic programs with an effective method for automatic resource-bound analysis of deterministic programs. It can be seen as both, an extension of automatic amortized resource analysis (AARA) to probabilistic programs and an automation of manual reasoning for probabilistic programs that is based on weakest preconditions. An advantage of the technique is that it combines the clarity and compositionality of a weakest-precondition calculus with the efficient automation of AARA. As a result, bound inference can be reduced to off-the-shelf LP solving in many cases and automatically-derived bounds can be interactively extended with standard program logics if the automation fails. Building on existing work, the soundness of the analysis is proved with respect to an operational semantics that is based on Markov decision processes. The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated with a prototype implementation that is used to automatically analyze 39 challenging probabilistic programs and randomized algorithms. Experiments indicate that the derived constant factors in the bounds are very precise and even optimal for some programs.

关键词： probabilistic programming resource bound analysis static analysis

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Deterministic Parallelism via Liquid Effects 12

Deterministic Parallelism via Liquid Effects

引用

33rd acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Kawaguchi, Ming Rondon, Patrick Bakst, Alexander Jhala, Ranjit Univ Calif San Diego San Diego CA 92103 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312059

Shared memory multithreading is a popular approach to parallel programming, but also fiendishly hard to get right. We present Liquid Effects, a type-and-effect system based on refinement types which allows for fine-grained, low-level, shared memory multithreading while statically guaranteeing that a program is deterministic. Liquid Effects records the effect of an expression as a formula in first-order logic, making our type-and-effect system highly expressive. Further, effects like Read and Write are recorded in Liquid Effects as ordinary uninterpreted predicates, leaving the effect system open to extension by the user. By building our system as an extension to an existing dependent refinement type system, our system gains precise value- and branch-sensitive reasoning about effects. Finally, our system exploits the Liquid Types refinement type inference technique to automatically infer refinement types and effects. We have implemented our type-and-effect checking techniques in CSOLVE, a refinement type inference system for C programs. We demonstrate how CSOLVE uses Liquid Effects to prove the determinism of a variety of benchmarks.

关键词： languages Reliability Verification Liquid Types Type Inference Dependent Types C Safe Parallel programming Determinism

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Pure and Declarative Syntax Definition: Paradise Lost and Regained 10

Pure and Declarative Syntax Definition: Paradise Lost and Re...

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conference on Object Oriented programming Systems, languages and Applications/SPLASH 2010

作者： Kats, Lennart C. L. Visser, Eelco Wachsmuth, Guido Delft Univ Technol NL-2600 AA Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781450302036

Syntax definitions are pervasive in modern software systems, and serve as the basis for language processing tools like parsers and compilers. Mainstream parser generators pose restrictions on syntax definitions that follow from their implementation algorithm. They hamper evolution, maintainability, and compositionality of syntax definitions. The pureness and declarativity of syntax definitions is lost. We analyze how these problems arise for different aspects of syntax definitions, discuss their consequences for language engineers, and show how the pure and declarative nature of syntax definitions can be regained.

关键词： design languages

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Heartbeat Scheduling: Provable Efficiency for Nested Parallelism 2018

Heartbeat Scheduling: Provable Efficiency for Nested Paralle...

引用

39th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Acar, Umut A. Chargueraud, Arthur Guatto, Adrien Rainey, Mike Sieczkowski, Filip Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA INRIA Rocquencourt France Univ Strasbourg ICube Strasbourg France CREST Bloomington IN USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450356985

A classic problem in parallel computing is to take a high-level parallel program written, for example, in nested-parallel style with fork-join constructs and run it efficiently on a real machine. The problem could be considered solved in theory, but not in practice, because the overheads of creating and managing parallel threads can overwhelm their benefits. Developing efficient parallel codes therefore usually requires extensive tuning and optimizations to reduce parallelism just to a point where the overheads become acceptable. In this paper, we present a scheduling technique that delivers provably efficient results for arbitrary nested-parallel programs, without the tuning needed for controlling parallelism overheads. The basic idea behind our technique is to create threads only at a beat (which we refer to as the "heartbeat") and make sure to do useful work in between. We specify our heartbeat scheduler using an abstract-machine semantics and provide mechanized proofs that the scheduler guarantees low overheads for all nested parallel programs. We present a prototype C++ implementation and an evaluation that shows that Heartbeat competes well with manually optimized Cilk Plus codes, without requiring manual tuning.

关键词： parallel programming languages granularity control

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A new perspective on processing-in-memory architecture design 13

A new perspective on processing-in-memory architecture desig...

引用

acm sigplan Workshop on Memory Systems Performance and Correctness, MSPC 2013, co-located with the 34th annual acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation, PLDI

作者： Zhang, Dong Ping Jayasena, Nuwan Lyashevsky, Alexander Greathouse, Joseph Meswani, Mitesh Nutter, Mark Ignatowski, Mike Research Group AMD CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450321037

As computation becomes increasingly limited by data movement and energy consumption, exploiting locality throughout the memory hierarchy becomes critical for maintaining the performance scaling that many have come to expect from the computing industry. Moving computation closer to main memory presents an opportunity to reduce the overheads associated with data movement. We explore the potential of using 3D die stacking to move memory-intensive computations closer to memory. This approach to processing-in-memory addresses some drawbacks of prior research on in-memory computing and appears commercially viable in the foreseeable future. We show promising early results from this approach and identify areas that are in need of research to unlock its full potential. © 2013 acm.

关键词： Memory architecture

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Automatic inversion generates divide-and-conquer parallel programs 07

Automatic inversion generates divide-and-conquer parallel pr...

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conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Morita, Kazutaka Morihata, Akimasa Matsuzaki, Kiminori Hu, Zhenjiang Takeichi, Masato Univ Tokyo Grad Sch Informat Sci & Technol Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781595936332

Divide-and-conquer algorithms are suitable for modern parallel machines, tending to have large amounts of inherent parallelism and working well with caches and deep memory hierarchies. Among others, list homomorphisms are a class of recursive functions on lists, which match very well with the divide-and-conquer paradigm. However, direct programming with list homomorphisms is a challenge for many programmers. In this paper, we propose and implement a novel system that can automatically derive cost-optimal list homomorphisms from a pair of sequential programs, based on the third homomorphism theorem. Our idea is to reduce extraction of list homomorphisms to derivation of weak right inverses. We show that a weak right inverse always exists and can be automatically generated from a wide class of sequential programs. We demonstrate our system with several nontrivial examples, including the maximum prefix sum problem, the prefix sum computation, the maximum segment sum problem, and the line-of-sight problem. The experimental results show practical efficiency of our automatic parallelization algorithm and good speedups of the generated parallel programs.

关键词： algorithms design languages divide-and-conquer parallelism inversion program transformation third homomorphism theorem

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