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Modula-2 and Oberon

Modula-2 and Oberon

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3rd acm sigplan History of programming languages conference, HOPL-III

作者： Wirth, Niklaus ETH Zurich

ISBN: (纸本)9781595937667

This is an account of the development of the languages Modula-2 and Oberon. Together with their ancestors ALGOL 60 and Pascal they form a family called Algol-like languages. Pascal (1970) reflected the ideas of structured programming, Modula-2 (1979) added those of modular system design, and Oberon (1988) catered to the object-oriented style. Thus they mirror the essential programming paradigms of the past decades. Here the major language properties are outlined, followed by an account of the respective implementation efforts. The conditions and the environments in which the languages were created are elucidated. We point out that simplicity of design was the most essential guiding principle. Clarity of concepts, economy of features, efficiency and reliability of implementations were its consequences. © 2007 acm.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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A static analyzer for large safety-critical software 03

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conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Blanchet, B Cousot, P Cousot, R Feret, J Mauborgne, L Miné, A Monniaux, D Rival, X CNRS F-75700 Paris France Ecole Normale Super Paris France Ecole Polytech F-91128 Palaiseau France

ISBN: (纸本)9781581136623

We show that abstract interpretation-based static program analysis can be made efficient and precise enough to formally verify a class of properties for a family of large programs with few or no false alarms. This is achieved by refinement of a general purpose static analyzer and later adaptation to particular programs of the family by the end-user through parametrization. This is applied to the proof of soundness of data manipulation operations at the machine level for periodic synchronous safety critical embedded software. The main novelties are the design principle of static analyzers by refinement and adaptation through parametrization (Sect. 3 and 7), the symbolic manipulation of expressions to improve the precision of abstract transfer functions (Sect. 6.3), the octagon (Sect. 6.2.2), ellipsoid (Sect. 6.2.3), and decision tree (Sect. 6.2.4) abstract domains, all with sound handling of rounding errors in floating point computations, widening strategies (with thresholds: Sect. 7.1.2, delayed: Sect. 7.1.3) and the automatic determination of the parameters (parametrized packing: Sect. 7.2).

关键词： algorithms design experimentation reliability theory verification abstract interpretation abstract domains static analysis verification floating point embedded reactive real-time safety-critical software

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Task Parallel Assembly language for Uncompromising Parallelism 2021

Task Parallel Assembly Language for Uncompromising Paralleli...

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42nd acm sigplan International conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Rainey, Mike Newton, Ryan R. Hale, Kyle Hardavellas, Nikos Campanoni, Simone Dinda, Peter Acar, Umut A. Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Facebook New York NY USA IIT Chicago IL 60616 USA Northwestern Univ Chicago IL 60611 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450383912

Achieving parallel performance and scalability involves making compromises between parallel and sequential computation. If not contained, the overheads of parallelism can easily outweigh its benefits, sometimes by orders of magnitude. Today, we expect programmers to implement this compromise by optimizing their code manually. This process is labor intensive, requires deep expertise, and reduces code quality. Recent work on heartbeat scheduling shows a promising approach that manifests the potentially vast amounts of available, latent parallelism, at a regular rate, based on even beats in time. The idea is to amortize the overheads of parallelism over the useful work performed between the beats. Heartbeat scheduling is promising in theory, but the reality is complicated: it has no known practical implementation. In this paper, we propose a practical approach to heartbeat scheduling that involves equipping the assembly language with a small set of primitives. These primitives leverage existing kernel and hardware support for interrupts to allow parallelism to remain latent, until a heartbeat, when it can be manifested with low cost. Our Task Parallel Assembly language (TPAL) is a compact, RISC-like assembly language. We specify TPAL through an abstract machine and implement the abstract machine as compiler transformations for C/C++ code and a specialized run-time system. We present an evaluation on both the Linux and the Nautilus kernels, considering a range of heartbeat interrupt mechanisms. The evaluation shows that TPAL can dramatically reduce the overheads of parallelism without compromising scalability.

关键词： parallel programming languages granularity control

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Type-preserving compilation of end-to-end verification of security enforcement 10

Type-preserving compilation of end-to-end verification of se...

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acm sigplan 2010 conference on programming language design and implementation, PLDI 2010

作者： Chen, Juan Chugh, Ravi Swamy, Nikhil Microsoft Research United States University of California San Diego CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450300193

A number of programming languages use rich type systems to verify security properties of code. Some of these languages are meant for source programming, but programs written in these languages are compiled without explicit security proofs, limiting their utility in settings where proofs are necessary, e.g., proof-carrying authorization. Others languages do include explicit proofs, but these are generally lambda calculi not intended for source programming, that must be further compiled to an executable form. A language suitable for source programming backed by a compiler that enables end-to-end verification is missing. In this paper, we present a type-preserving compiler that translates programs written in FINE, a source-level functional language with dependent refinements and affine types, to DCIL, a new extension of the .NET Common Intermediate language. FINE is type checked using an external SMT solver to reduce the proof burden on source programmers. We extract explicit LCF-style proof terms from the solver and carry these proof terms in the compilation to DCIL, thereby removing the solver from the trusted computing base. Explicit proofs enable DCIL to be used in a number of important scenarios, including the verification of mobile code, proof-carrying authorization, and evidence-based auditing. We report on our experience using FINE to build reference monitors for several applications, ranging from a plugin-based email client to a conference management server. © 2010 acm.

关键词： Functional programming

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Adding delimited and composable control to a production programming environment

Adding delimited and composable control to a production prog...

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12th acm sigplan International conference on Functional programming

作者： Flatt, Matthew Yu, Gang Findler, Robert Bruce Felleisen, Matthias Univ Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA Chinese Acad Sci Inst Software Beijing 100864 Peoples R China Univ Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA Northeastern Univ Boston MA 02115 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781595938152

Operators for delimiting control and for capturing composable continuations litter the landscape of theoretical programming language research. Numerous papers explain their advantages, how the operators explain each other (or don't), and other aspects of the operators' existence. Production programming languages, however, do not support these operators, partly because their relationship to existing and demonstrably useful constructs-such as exceptions and dynamic binding-remains relatively unexplored. In this paper, we report on our effort of translating the theory of delimited and composable control into a viable implementation for a production system. The report shows how this effort involved a substantial design element, including work with a formal model, as well as significant practical exploration and engineering. The resulting version of PLT Scheme incorporates the expressive combination of delimited and composable control alongside dynamic-wind, dynamic binding, and exception handling. None of the additional operators subvert the intended benefits of existing control operators, so that programmers can freely mix and match control operators.

关键词： design languages

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Using role components to implement collaboration-based designs 11

Using role components to implement collaboration-based desig...

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Proceedings of the 1996 conference on Object-Oriented programming Systems, languages & Applications

作者： VanHilst, Michael Notkin, David Univ of Washington Seattle United States

ISBN: (纸本)089791788X

In this paper we present a method of code implementation that works in conjunction with collaboration and responsibility based analysis modeling techniques to achieve better code reuse and resilience to change. Our approach maintains a closer mapping from responsibilities in the analysis model to entities in the implementation. In so doing, it leverages the features of flexible design and design reuse found in collaboration-based design models to provide similar adaptability and reuse in the implementation. Our approach requires no special development tools and uses only standard features available in the C++ language. In an earlier paper we described the basic mechanisms used by our approach and discussed its advantages in comparison to the framework approach. In this paper we show how our approach combines code and design reuse, describing specific techniques that can be used in the development of larger applications.

关键词： Object oriented programming

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Algorithm specialization in generic programming: Challenges of constrained generics in C++ 06

Algorithm specialization in generic programming: Challenges ...

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation, PLDI 2006 - PLAS 2006: 2006 programming languages and Analysis for Security Workshop

作者： Järvi, Jaakko Gregor, Douglas Willcock, Jeremiah Lumsdaine, Andrew Siek, Jeremy Texas A and M University United States Indiana University United States Rice University United States

ISBN: (纸本)1595933743

Generic programming has recently emerged as a paradigm for developing highly reusable software libraries, most notably in C++. We have designed and implemented a constrained generics extension for C++ to support modular type checking of generic algorithms and to address other issues associated with unconstrained generics. To be as broadly applicable as possible, generic algorithms are defined with minimal requirements on their inputs. At the same time, to achieve a high degree of efficiency, generic algorithms may have multiple implementations that exploit features of specific classes of inputs. This process of algorithm specialization relies on non-local type information and conflicts directly with the local nature of modular type checking. In this paper, we review the design and implementation of our extensions for generic programming in C++, describe the issues of algorithm specialization and modular type checking in detail, and discuss the important design tradeoffs in trying to accomplish *** present the particular design that we chose for our implementation, with the goal of hitting the sweet spot in this interesting design space. Copyright © 2006 acm.

关键词： Computer programming

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SEMCLUSTER: Clustering of Imperative programming Assignments Based on Quantitative Semantic Features 2019

SEMCLUSTER: Clustering of Imperative Programming Assignments...

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40th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI) part of acm's Federated Computing Research conference (FCRC)

作者： Perry, David M. Kim, Dohyeong Samanta, Roopsha Zhang, Xiangyu Purdue Univ W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450367127

A fundamental challenge in automated reasoning about programming assignments at scale is clustering student submissions based on their underlying algorithms. State-of-the-art clustering techniques are sensitive to control structure variations, cannot cluster buggy solutions with similar correct solutions, and either require expensive pair-wise program analyses or training efforts. We propose a novel technique that can cluster small imperative programs based on their algorithmic essence: (A) how the input space is partitioned into equivalence classes and (B) how the problem is uniquely addressed within individual equivalence classes. We capture these algorithmic aspects as two quantitative semantic program features that are merged into a program's vector representation. Programs are then clustered using their vector representations. The computation of our first semantic feature leverages model counting to identify the number of inputs belonging to an input equivalence class. The computation of our second semantic feature abstracts the program's data flow by tracking the number of occurrences of a unique pair of consecutive values of a variable during its lifetime. The comprehensive evaluation of our tool SemCluster on benchmarks drawn from solutions to small programming assignments shows that SemCluster (1) generates far fewer clusters than other clustering techniques, (2) precisely identifies distinct solution strategies, and (3) boosts the performance of clustering-based program repair, all within a reasonable amount of time.

关键词： Program clustering Program analysis Quantitative reasoning

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Fast and flexible instruction selection with on-demand tree-parsing automata 06

Fast and flexible instruction selection with on-demand tree-...

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation, PLDI 2006 - PLAS 2006: 2006 programming languages and Analysis for Security Workshop

作者： Ertl, M. Anton Casey, Kevin Gregg, David TU Wien Austria Trinity College Dublin Ireland Institut für Computersprachen Technische Universität Wien Argentinierstraße 8 A-1040 Wien Austria

ISBN: (纸本)1595933743

Tree parsing as supported by code generator generators like BEG, burg, iburg, lburg and ml-burg is a popular instruction selection method. There are two existing approaches for implementing tree parsing: dynamic programming, and tree-parsing automata;each approach has its advantages and disadvantages. We propose a new implementation approach that combines the advantages of both existing approaches: we start out with dynamic programming at compile time, but at every step we generate a state for a tree-parsing automaton, which is used the next time a tree matching the state is found, turning the instruction selector into a fast tree-parsing automaton. We have implemented this approach in the Gforth code generator. The implementation required little effort and reduced the startup time of Gforth by up to a factor of 2.5. Copyright © 2006 acm.

关键词： Automatic programming

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Armada: Low-Effort Verification of High-Performance Concurrent Programs 2020

Armada: Low-Effort Verification of High-Performance Concurre...

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41st acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Lorch, Jacob R. Chen, Yixuan Kapritsos, Manos Parno, Bryan Qadeer, Shaz Sharma, Upamanyu Wilcox, James R. Zhao, Xueyuan Microsoft Res Redmond WA 98052 USA Univ Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Yale Univ New Haven CT 06520 USA Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Calibra Seattle WA USA Certora San Francisco CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450376136

Safely writing high-performance concurrent programs is notoriously difficult. To aid developers, we introduce Armada, a language and tool designed to formally verify such programs with relatively little effort. Via a C-like language and a small-step, state-machine-based semantics, Armada gives developers the flexibility to choose arbitrary memory layout and synchronization primitives so they are never constrained in their pursuit of performance. To reduce developer effort, Armada leverages SMT-powered automation and a library of powerful reasoning techniques, including rely-guarantee, TSO elimination, reduction, and alias analysis. All these techniques are proven sound, and Armada can be soundly extended with additional strategies over time. Using Armada, we verify four concurrent case studies and show that we can achieve performance equivalent to that of unverified code.

关键词： refinement weak memory models x86-TSO

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