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acm sigplan International Symposium on New Ideas, New Paradigms, and Reflections on programming and Software (Onward) Part of part of SPLASH conference

作者： van Binsbergen, L. Thomas Merino, Mauricio Verano Jeanjean, Pierre van der Storm, Tijs Combemale, Benoit Barais, Olivier Ctr Wiskunde & Informat Amsterdam Netherlands Eindhoven Univ Technol Eindhoven Netherlands Univ Rennes INRIA CRNS IRISA Rennes France Univ Groningen Groningen Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781450381789

Read-eval-print-loops (REPLs) allow programmers to test out snippets of code, explore APIs, or even incrementally construct code, and get immediate feedback on their actions. However, even though many languages provide a REPL, the relation between the language as is and what is accepted at the REPL prompt is not always well-defined. Furthermore, implementing a REPL for new languages, such as DSLs, may incur significant language engineering cost. In this paper we survey the domain of REPLs and investigate the (formal) principles underlying REPLs. We identify and define the class of sequential languages, which admit a sound REPL implementation based on a definitional interpreter, and present design guidelines for extending existing language implementations to support REPL-style interfaces (including computational notebooks). The obtained REPLs can then be generically turned into an exploring interpreter, to allow exploration of the user's interaction. The approach is illustrated using three case studies, based on MiniJava, QL (a DSL for questionnaires), and eFLINT (a DSL for normative rules). We expect sequential languages, and the consequent design principles, to be stepping stones towards a better understanding of the essence of REPLs.

关键词： interpreters REPLs software language engineering notebooks meta-languages language workbenches

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EVA: An Encrypted Vector Arithmetic language and Compiler for Efficient Homomorphic Computation 2020

EVA: An Encrypted Vector Arithmetic Language and Compiler fo...

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41st acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Dathathri, Roshan Kostova, Blagovesta Saarikivi, Olli Dai, Wei Laine, Kim Musuvathi, Madan Univ Texas Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Microsoft Res Redmond WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450376136

Fully-Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) offers powerful capabilities by enabling secure offloading of both storage and computation, and recent innovations in schemes and implementations have made it all the more attractive. At the same time, FHE is notoriously hard to use with a very constrained programming model, a very unusual performance profile, and many cryptographic constraints. Existing compilers for FHE either target simpler but less efficient FHE schemes or only support specific domains where they can rely on expert-provided high-level runtimes to hide complications. This paper presents a new FHE language called Encrypted Vector Arithmetic (EVA), which includes an optimizing compiler that generates correct and secure FHE programs, while hiding all the complexities of the target FHE scheme. Bolstered by our optimizing compiler, programmers can develop efficient general-purpose FHE applications directly in EVA. For example, we have developed image processing applications using EVA, with a very few lines of code. EVA is designed to also work as an intermediate representation that can be a target for compiling higher-level domain-specific languages. To demonstrate this, we have re-targeted CHET, an existing domain-specific compiler for neural network inference, onto EVA. Due to the novel optimizations in EVA, its programs are on average 5.3x faster than those generated by CHET. We believe that EVA would enable a wider adoption of FHE by making it easier to develop FHE applications and domain-specific FHE compilers.

关键词： Homomorphic encryption compiler neural networks privacy-preserving machine learning

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Automatic Generation of Efficient Sparse Tensor Format Conversion Routines 2020

Automatic Generation of Efficient Sparse Tensor Format Conve...

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41st acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI)

作者： Chou, Stephen Kjolstad, Fredrik Amarasinghe, Saman MIT CSAIL Cambridge MA 02139 USA Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450376136

This paper shows how to generate code that efficiently converts sparse tensors between disparate storage formats (data layouts) such as CSR, DIA, ELL, and many others. We decompose sparse tensor conversion into three logical phases: coordinate remapping, analysis, and assembly. We then develop a language that precisely describes how different formats group together and order a tensor's nonzeros in memory. This lets a compiler emit code that performs complex remappings of nonzeros when converting between formats. We also develop a query language that can extract statistics about sparse tensors, and we show how to emit efficient analysis code that computes such queries. Finally, we define an abstract interface that captures how data structures for storing a tensor can be efficiently assembled given specific statistics about the tensor. Disparate formats can implement this common interface, thus letting a compiler emit optimized sparse tensor conversion code for arbitrary combinations of many formats without hard-coding for any specific combination. Our evaluation shows that the technique generates sparse tensor conversion routines with performance between 1.00 and 2.01x that of hand-optimized versions in SPARSKIT and Intel MKL, two popular sparse linear algebra libraries. And by emitting code that avoids materializing temporaries, which both libraries need for many combinations of source and target formats, our technique outperforms those libraries by 1.78 to 4.01x for CSC/COO to DIA/ELL conversion.

关键词： sparse tensor conversion sparse tensor assembly sparse tensor algebra sparse tensor formats coordinate remapping notation attribute query language

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BlankIt Library Debloating 41

BlankIt Library Debloating

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41st acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation, PLDI 2020

作者： Porter, Chris Mururu, Girish Barua, Prithayan Pande, Santosh Georgia Institute of Technology United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450376136

Modern software systems make extensive use of libraries derived from C and C++. Because of the lack of memory safety in these languages, however, the libraries may suffer from vulnerabilities, which can expose the applications to potential attacks. For example, a very large number of return-oriented programming gadgets exist in glibc that allow stitching together semantically valid but malicious Turing-complete and -incomplete programs. While CVEs get discovered and often patched and remedied, such gadgets serve as building blocks of future undiscovered attacks, opening an ever-growing set of possibilities for generating malicious programs. Thus, significant reduction in the quantity and expressiveness (utility) of such gadgets for libraries is an important problem. In this work, we propose a new approach for handling an application's library functions that focuses on the principle of "getting only what you want." This is a significant departure from the current approaches that focus on "cutting what is unwanted." Our approach focuses on activating/deactivating library functions on demand in order to reduce the dynamically linked code surface, so that the possibilities of constructing malicious programs diminishes substantially. The key idea is to load only the set of library functions that will be used at each library call site within the application at runtime. This approach of demand-driven loading relies on an input-aware oracle that predicts a near-exact set of library functions needed at a given call site during the execution. The predicted functions are loaded just in time and unloaded on return. We present a decision-tree based predictor, which acts as an oracle, and an optimized runtime system, which works directly with library binaries like GNU libc and libstdc++. We show that on average, the proposed scheme cuts the exposed code surface of libraries by 97.2%, reduces ROP gadgets present in linked libraries by 97.9%, achieves a prediction accuracy in most

关键词： C++ (programming language)

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Renaissance: Benchmarking Suite for Parallel Applications on the JVM 2019

Renaissance: Benchmarking Suite for Parallel Applications on...

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40th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI) part of acm's Federated Computing Research conference (FCRC)

作者： Prokopec, Aleksandar Rosa, Andrea Leopoldseder, David Duboscq, Gilles Tuma, Petr Studener, Martin Bulej, Lubomir Zheng, Yudi Villazon, Alex Simon, Doug Wurthinger, Thomas Binder, Walter Oracle Labs Zurich Switzerland Univ Svizzera Italiana Lugano Switzerland Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Linz Austria Charles Univ Prague Prague Czech Republic Univ Privada Boliviana Colcapirhua Bolivia

ISBN: (纸本)9781450367127

Established benchmark suites for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), such as DaCapo, ScalaBench, and SPECjvm2008, lack workloads that take advantage of the parallel programming abstractions and concurrency primitives offered by the JVM and the Java Class Library. However, such workloads are fundamental for understanding the way in which modern applications and data-processing frameworks use the JVM's concurrency features, and for validating new just-in-time (JIT) compiler optimizations that enable more efficient execution of such workloads. We present Renaissance, a new benchmark suite composed of modern, real-world, concurrent, and object-oriented workloads that exercise various concurrency primitives of the JVM. We show that the use of concurrency primitives in these workloads reveals optimization opportunities that were not visible with the existing workloads. We use Renaissance to compare performance of two state-of-the-art, production-quality JIT compilers (HotSpot C2 and Graal), and show that the performance differences are more significant than on existing suites such as DaCapo and SPECjvm2008. We also use Renaissance to expose four new compiler optimizations, and we analyze the behavior of several existing ones. Evaluating these optimizations using four benchmark suites shows a more prominent impact on the Renaissance workloads than on those of other suites.

关键词： benchmarks JIT compilation parallelism concurrency JVM object-oriented programming benchmarks functional programming benchmarks Big Data benchmarks

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Incremental Precision-Preserving Symbolic Inference for Probabilistic Programs 2019

Incremental Precision-Preserving Symbolic Inference for Prob...

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40th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI) part of acm's Federated Computing Research conference (FCRC)

作者： Zhang, Jieyuan Xue, Jingling UNSW Sydney Sch Comp Sci & Engn Sydney NSW Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781450367127

We present ISymb, an incremental symbolic inference framework for probabilistic programs in situations when some loop-manipulated array data, upon which their probabilistic models are conditioned, undergoes small changes. To tackle the path explosion challenge, ISymb is intra-procedurally path-sensitive except that it conducts a "meet-over-all-paths" analysis within an iteration of a loop (conditioned on some observed array data). By recomputing only the probability distributions for the paths affected, ISymb avoids expensive symbolic inference from scratch while also being precision-preserving. Our evaluation with a set of existing benchmarks shows that ISymb can lead to orders of magnitude performance improvements compared to its non-incremental counterpart (under small changes in observed array data).

关键词： Probabilistic programming Symbolic Inference Incremental Computation Static analysis

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Characterising Renaming within OCaml's Module System: Theory and implementation 2019

Characterising Renaming within OCaml's Module System: Theory...

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40th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI) part of acm's Federated Computing Research conference (FCRC)

作者： Rowe, Reuben N. S. Feree, Hugo Thompson, Simon J. Owens, Scott Univ Kent Sch Comp Canterbury Kent England

ISBN: (纸本)9781450367127

We present an abstract, set-theoretic denotational semantics for a significant subset of OCaml and its module system, allowing to reason about the correctness of renaming value bindings. Our semantics captures information about the binding structure of programs, as well as about which declarations are related by the use of different language constructs (e.g. functors, module types and module constraints). Correct renamings are precisely those that preserve this structure. We show that our abstract semantics is sound with respect to a (domain-theoretic) denotational model of the operational behaviour of programs, and that it allows us to prove various high-level, intuitive properties of renamings. This formal framework has been implemented in a prototype refactoring tool for OCaml that performs renaming.

关键词： Adequacy dependencies modules module types OCaml refactoring renaming semantics

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Software meta-language engineering and CBS

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTER languageS 2019年 50卷 39-48页

作者： Mosses, Peter D. Swansea Univ Dept Comp Sci Computat Foundry Bay Campus Swansea SA1 8EN W Glam Wales Delft Univ Technol Programming Languages EEMCS POB 5031 NL-2600 GA Delft Netherlands

The SLE conference series is devoted to the engineering principles of software languages: their design, their implementation, and their evolution. This paper is about the role of language specification in SLE. A precise specification of a software language needs to be written in a formal meta-language, and it needs to co-evolve with the specified language. Moreover, different software languages often have features in common, which should provide opportunities for reuse of parts of language specifications. Support for co-evolution and reuse in a meta-language requires careful engineering of its design. The author has been involved in the development of several meta-languages for semantic specification, including action semantics and modular variants of structural operational semantics (MSOS, I-MSOS). This led to the PLanCompS project, and to the design of its meta-language, CBS, for component-based semantics. CBS comes together with an extensible library of reusable components called 'funcons', corresponding to fundamental programming constructs. The main aim of CBS is to optimise co-evolution and reuse of specifications during language development, and to make specification of language semantics almost as straightforward as context-free syntax specification. The paper discusses the engineering of a selection of previous meta-languages, assessing how well they support co-evolution and reuse. It then gives an introduction to CBS, and illustrates significant features. It also considers whether other current meta-languages might also be used to define an extensible library of funcons for use in component-based semantics.

关键词： Semantics of programming languages Meta-languages Modularity

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GraalSqueak Toward a Smalltalk-Based Tooling Platform for Polyglot programming 16

GraalSqueak Toward a Smalltalk-Based Tooling Platform for Po...

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16th acm sigplan International conference on Managed programming languages and Runtimes (MPLR)

作者： Niephaus, Fabio Felgentreff, Tim Hirschfeld, Robert Univ Potsdam Hasso Plattner Inst Potsdam Germany Oracle Labs Potsdam Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450369770

Polyglot programming provides software developers with a broader choice in terms of software libraries and frameworks available for building applications. Previous research and engineering activities have focused on language interoperability and the design and implementation of fast polyglot runtimes. To make polyglot programming more approachable for developers, novel software development tools are needed that help them build polyglot applications. We believe a suitable prototyping platform helps to more quickly evaluate new ideas for such tools. In this paper we present GraalSqueak, a Squeak/Smalltalk virtual machine implementation for the GraalVM. We report our experience implementing GraalSqueak, evaluate the performance of the language and the programming environment, and discuss how the system can be used as a tooling platform for polyglot programming.

关键词： Squeak/Smalltalk virtual machines Truffle GraalVM polyglot programming tools live development

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Gen: A General-Purpose Probabilistic programming System with Programmable Inference 2019

Gen: A General-Purpose Probabilistic Programming System with...

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40th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI) part of acm's Federated Computing Research conference (FCRC)

作者： Cusumano-Towner, Marco F. Saad, Feras A. Lew, Alexander K. Mansinghka, Vikash K. MIT Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450367127

Although probabilistic programming is widely used for some restricted classes of statistical models, existing systems lack the flexibility and efficiency needed for practical use with more challenging models arising in fields like computer vision and robotics. This paper introduces Gen, a generalpurpose probabilistic programming system that achieves modeling flexibility and inference efficiency via several novel language constructs: (i) the generative function interface for encapsulating probabilistic models;(ii) interoperable modeling languages that strike different flexibility/efficiency tradeoffs;(iii) combinators that exploit common patterns of conditional independence;and (iv) an inference library that empowers users to implement efficient inference algorithms at a high level of abstraction. We show that Gen outperforms state-of-the-art probabilistic programming systems, sometimes by multiple orders of magnitude, on diverse problems including object tracking, estimating 3D body pose from a depth image, and inferring the structure of a time series.

关键词： Probabilistic programming Markov chain Monte Carlo sequential Monte Carlo variational inference

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