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A study of concurrent real-time garbage collectors

acm sigplan NOTICES 2008年第6期43卷 33-44页

作者： Pizlo, Filip Petrank, Erez Steensgaard, Bjarne Purdue Univ W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Microsoft Res Redmond WA 98052 USA

Concurrent garbage collection is highly attractive for real-time systems, because offloading the collection effort from the executing threads allows faster response, allowing for extremely short deadlines at the microseconds level. Concurrent collectors also offer much better scalability over incremental collectors. The main problem with concurrent real-time collectors is their complexity. The first concurrent real-time garbage collector that can support fine synchronization, STOPLESS, has recently been presented by Pizlo et al. In this paper, we propose two additional ( and different) algorithms for concurrent real-time garbage collection: CLOVER and CHICKEN. Both collectors obtain reduced complexity over the first collector STOPLESS, but need to trade a benefit for it. We study the algorithmic strengths and weaknesses of CLOVER and CHICKEN and compare them to STOPLESS. Finally, we have implemented all three collectors on the Bartok compiler and runtime for C# and we present measurements to compare their efficiency and responsiveness.

关键词： algorithms design performance reliability

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CML: A higher concurrent language 91

CML: A higher concurrent language

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Proceedings of the acm sigplan 1991 conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： John H. Reppy Cornell University

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Session details: language design 13

Session details: Language design

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Proceedings of the 34th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Umut A. Acar Carnegie Mellon University

No abstract available.

ISBN: (纸本)9781450320146

No abstract available.

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GreenWeb: language Extensions for Energy-Efficient Mobile Web Computing

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2016年第6期51卷 145-160页

作者： Zhu, Yuhao Reddi, Vijay Janapa Univ Texas Austin Dept Elect & Comp Engn Austin TX 78712 USA

Web computing is gradually shifting toward mobile devices, in which the energy budget is severely constrained. As a result, Web developers must be conscious of energy efficiency. However, current Web languages provide developers little control over energy consumption. In this paper, we take a first step toward language-level research to enable energy-efficient Web computing. Our key motivation is that mobile systems can wisely budget energy usage if informed with user quality-of-service (QoS) constraints. To do this, programmers need new abstractions. We propose two language abstractions, QoS type and QoS target, to capture two fundamental aspects of user QoS experience. We then present Green Web, a set of language extensions that empower developers to easily express the QoS abstractions as program annotations. As a proof of concept, we develop a GreenWeb runtime, which intelligently determines how to deliver specified user QoS expectation while minimizing energy consumption. Overall, GreenWeb shows significant energy savings (29.2% similar to 66.0%) over Android's default Interactive governor with few QoS violations. Our work demonstrates a promising first step toward language innovations for energy-efficient Web computing.

关键词： Energy-efficiency Web Mobile computing

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Load-reuse analysis: design and evaluation

Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Lan...

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Proceedings of the acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (PLDI) 1999年 64-76页

作者： Bodik, Rastislav Gupta, Rajiv Soffa, Mary Lou Univ of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh United States

Load-reuse analysis finds instructions that repeatedly access the same memory location. This location can be promoted to a register, eliminating redundant loads by reusing the results of prior memory accesses. This paper develops a load-reuse analysis and designs a method for evaluating its precision. In designing the analysis, we aspire for completeness - the goal of exposing all reuse that can be harvested by a subsequent program transformation. For register promotion, a suitable transformation is partial redundancy elimination (PRE). To approach the ideal goal of PRE-completeness, the load-reuse analysis is phrased as a data-flow problem on a program representation that is path-sensitive, as it detects reuse even when it originates in a different instruction along each control flow path. Furthermore, the analysis is comprehensive, as it treats scalar, array and pointer-based loads uniformly. In evaluating the analysis, we compare it with an ideal analysis. By observing the run-time stream of memory references, we collect all PRE-exploitable reuse and treat it as the ideal analysis performance. To compare the (static) load-reuse analysis with the (dynamic) ideal reuse, we use an estimator algorithm that computes, given a data-flow solution and a program profile, the dynamic amount of reuse detected by the analysis. We developed a family of estimators that differ in how well they bound the profiling error inherent in the edge profile. By bounding the error, the estimators offer a precise and practical method for determining the run-time optimization benefit. Our experiments show that about 55% of loads executed in Spec95 exhibit reuse. Of those, our analysis exposes about 80%.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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Reactive Imperative programming with Dataflow Constraints

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2011年第10期46卷 407-426页

作者： Demetrescu, Camil Finocchi, Irene Ribichini, Andrea Sapienza Univ Rome Dept Comp & Syst Sci Rome Italy Sapienza Univ Rome Dept Comp Sci Rome Italy

Dataflow languages provide natural support for specifying constraints between objects in dynamic applications, where programs need to react efficiently to changes of their environment. Researchers have long investigated how to take advantage of dataflow constraints by embedding them into procedural languages. Previous mixed imperative/dataflow systems, however, require syntactic extensions or libraries of ad hoc data types for binding the imperative program to the dataflow solver. In this paper we propose a novel approach that smoothly combines the two paradigms without placing undue burden on the programmer. In our framework, programmers can define ordinary statements of the imperative host language that enforce constraints between objects stored in special memory locations designated as "reactive". Differently from previous approaches, reactive objects can be of any legal type in the host language, including primitive data types, pointers, arrays, and structures. Statements defining constraints are automatically re-executed every time their input memory locations change, letting a program behave like a spreadsheet where the values of some variables depend upon the values of other variables. The constraint solving mechanism is handled transparently by altering the semantics of elementary operations of the host language for reading and modifying objects. We provide a formal semantics and describe a concrete embodiment of our technique into C/C++, showing how to implement it efficiently in conventional platforms using off-the-shelf compilers. We discuss common coding idioms and relevant applications to reactive scenarios, including incremental computation, observer design pattern, and data structure repair. The performance of our implementation is compared to ad hoc problem-specific change propagation algorithms, as well as to language-centric approaches such as self-adjusting computation and subject/observer communication mechanisms, showing that the proposed approa

关键词： Algorithms design experimentation languages Reactive programming dataflow programming imperative programming constraint solving incremental computation observer design pattern data structure repair

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Session details: Probabilistic programming 14

Session details: Probabilistic programming

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Proceedings of the 35th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Ben Zorn Microsoft Research

No abstract available.

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327848

No abstract available.

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A Distributed OpenCL Framework using Redundant Computation and Data Replication

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2016年第6期51卷 553-569页

作者： Kim, Junghyun Jo, Gangwon Jung, Jaehoon Kim, Jungwon Lee, Jaejin Seoul Natl Univ Ctr Manycore Programming Dept Comp Sci & Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea

Applications written solely in OpenCL or CUDA cannot execute on a cluster as a whole. Most previous approaches that extend these programming models to clusters are based on a common idea: designating a centralized host node and coordinating the other nodes with the host for computation. However, the centralized host node is a serious performance bottleneck when the number of nodes is large. In this paper, we propose a scalable and distributed OpenCL framework called SnuCL-D for large-scale clusters. SnuCL-D's remote device virtualization provides an OpenCL application with an illusion that all compute devices in a cluster are confined in a single node. To reduce the amount of control-message and data communication between nodes, SnuCL-D replicates the OpenCL host program execution and data in each node. We also propose a new OpenCL host API function and a queueing optimization technique that significantly reduce the overhead incurred by the previous centralized approaches. To show the effectiveness of SnuCL-D, we evaluate SnuCL-D with a microbenchmark and eleven benchmark applications on a large-scale CPU cluster and a medium-scale GPU cluster.

关键词： OpenCL clusters heterogeneous computing programming models runtime systems redundant computation data replication

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A practical automatic polyhedral parallelizer and locality optimizer

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2008年第6期43卷 101-113页

作者： Bondhugula, Uday Hartono, Albert Ramanujam, J. Sadayappan, P. Ohio State Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Columbus OH 43210 USA Louisiana State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Louisiana State Univ CCT Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA

We present the design and implementation of an automatic polyhedral source-to-source transformation framework that can optimize regular programs ( sequences of possibly imperfectly nested loops) for parallelism and locality simultaneously. Through this work, we show the practicality of analytical model-driven automatic transformation in the polyhedral model-far beyond what is possible by current production compilers. Unlike previous works, our approach is an end-to-end fully automatic one driven by an integer linear optimization framework that takes an explicit view of finding good ways of tiling for parallelism and locality using affine transformations. The framework has been implemented into a tool to automatically generate OpenMP parallel code from C program sections. Experimental results from the tool show very high speedups for local and parallel execution on multi-cores over state-of-the-art compiler frameworks from the research community as well as the best native production compilers. The system also enables the easy use of powerful empirical/iterative optimization for general arbitrarily nested loop sequences.

关键词： algorithms design experimentation performance automatic parallelization locality optimization polyhedral model loop transformations affine transformations tiling

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Disjoint Intersection Types

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2016年第9期51卷 364-377页

作者： Oliveira, Bruno C. d. S. Shi, Zhiyuan Alpuim, Joao Univ Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

Dunfield showed that a simply typed core calculus with intersection types and a merge operator is able to capture various programming language features. While his calculus is type-safe, it is not coherent: different derivations for the same expression can elaborate to expressions that evaluate to different values. The lack of coherence is an important disadvantage for adoption of his core calculus in implementations of programming languages, as the semantics of the programming language becomes implementation-dependent. This paper presents lambda(i) : a coherent and type-safe calculus with a form of intersection types and a merge operator. Coherence is achieved by ensuring that intersection types are disjoint and programs are sufficiently annotated to avoid type ambiguity. We propose a definition of disjointness where two types A and B are disjoint only if certain set of types are common supertypes of A and B. We investigate three different variants of lambda(i), with three variants of disjointness. In the simplest variant, which does not allow inverted perpendicular types, two types are disjoint if they do not share any common supertypes at all. The other two variants introduce inverted perpendicular types and refine the notion of disjointness to allow two types to be disjoint when the only the set of common supertypes are top-like. The difference between the two variants with inverted perpendicular types is on the definition of top-like types, which has an impact on which types are allowed on intersections. We present a type system that prevents intersection types that are not disjoint, as well as an algorithmic specifications to determine whether two types are disjoint for all three variants.

关键词： Intersection Types Type System design languages Theory

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