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共 918 条记录，以下是311-320 订阅

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language-Based Control and Mitigation of Timing Channels 12

Language-Based Control and Mitigation of Timing Channels

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33rd acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Zhang, Danfeng Askarov, Aslan Myers, Andrew C. Cornell Univ Dept Comp Sci Ithaca NY 14853 USA Harvard Univ Sch Engn & Comp Sci Cambridge MA 02138 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312059

We propose a new language-based approach to mitigating timing channels. In this language, well-typed programs provably leak only a bounded amount of information over time through external timing channels. By incorporating mechanisms for predictive mitigation of timing channels, this approach also permits a more expressive programming model. Timing channels arising from interaction with underlying hardware features such as instruction caches are controlled. Assumptions about the underlying hardware are explicitly formalized, supporting the design of hardware that efficiently controls timing channels. One such hardware design is modeled and used to show that timing channels can be controlled in some simple programs of real-world significance.

关键词： languages Security Timing channels mitigation information flow

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Synthesising Graphics Card Programs from DSLs 12

Synthesising Graphics Card Programs from DSLs

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33rd acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Cartey, Luke Lyngsoe, Rune de Moor, Oege Univ Oxford Oxford OX1 2JD England

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312059

Over the last five years, graphics cards have become a tempting target for scientific computing, thanks to unrivaled peak performance, often producing a runtime speed-up of x10 to x25 over comparable CPU solutions. However, this increase can be difficult to achieve, and doing so often requires a fundamental rethink. This is especially problematic in scientific computing, where experts do not want to learn yet another architecture. In this paper we develop a method for automatically parallelising recursive functions of the sort found in scientific papers. Using a static analysis of the function dependencies we identify sets - partitions - of independent elements, which we use to synthesise an efficient GPU implementation using polyhedral code generation techniques. We then augment our language with DSL extensions to support a wider variety of applications, and demonstrate the effectiveness of this with three case studies, showing significant performance improvement over equivalent CPU methods, and similar efficiency to hand-tuned GPU implementations.

关键词： language Performance gpu scientific applications program synthesis dynamic programming

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Deterministic Parallelism via Liquid Effects 12

Deterministic Parallelism via Liquid Effects

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33rd acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Kawaguchi, Ming Rondon, Patrick Bakst, Alexander Jhala, Ranjit Univ Calif San Diego San Diego CA 92103 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312059

Shared memory multithreading is a popular approach to parallel programming, but also fiendishly hard to get right. We present Liquid Effects, a type-and-effect system based on refinement types which allows for fine-grained, low-level, shared memory multithreading while statically guaranteeing that a program is deterministic. Liquid Effects records the effect of an expression as a formula in first-order logic, making our type-and-effect system highly expressive. Further, effects like Read and Write are recorded in Liquid Effects as ordinary uninterpreted predicates, leaving the effect system open to extension by the user. By building our system as an extension to an existing dependent refinement type system, our system gains precise value- and branch-sensitive reasoning about effects. Finally, our system exploits the Liquid Types refinement type inference technique to automatically infer refinement types and effects. We have implemented our type-and-effect checking techniques in CSOLVE, a refinement type inference system for C programs. We demonstrate how CSOLVE uses Liquid Effects to prove the determinism of a variety of benchmarks.

关键词： languages Reliability Verification Liquid Types Type Inference Dependent Types C Safe Parallel programming Determinism

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Static Analysis and Compiler design for Idempotent Processing 12

Static Analysis and Compiler Design for Idempotent Processin...

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33rd acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： de Kruijf, Marc Sankaralingam, Karthikeyan Jha, Somesh Univ Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312059

Recovery functionality has many applications in computing systems, from speculation recovery in modern microprocessors to fault recovery in high-reliability systems. Modern systems commonly recover using checkpoints. However, checkpoints introduce overheads, add complexity, and often save more state than necessary. This paper develops a novel compiler technique to recover program state without the overheads of explicit checkpoints. The technique breaks programs into idempotent regions-regions that can be freely re-executed-which allows recovery without checkpointed state. Leveraging the property of idempotence, recovery can be obtained by simple re-execution. We develop static analysis techniques to construct these regions and demonstrate low overheads and large region sizes for an LLVM-based implementation. Across a set of diverse benchmark suites, we construct idempotent regions close in size to those that could be obtained with perfect runtime information. Although the resulting code runs more slowly, typical performance overheads are in the range of just 2-12%. The paradigm of executing entire programs as a series of idempotent regions we call idempotent processing, and it has many applications in computer systems. As a concrete example, we demonstrate it applied to the problem of compiler-automated hardware fault recovery. In comparison to two other state-of-the-art techniques, redundant execution and checkpoint-logging, our idempotent processing technique outperforms both by over 15%.

关键词： Algorithms design Performance Reliability Idempotent processing idempotent regions

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design and implementation of Sparse Global Analyses for C-like languages 12

Design and Implementation of Sparse Global Analyses for C-li...

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33rd acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Oh, Hakjoo Heo, Kihong Lee, Wonchan Lee, Woosuk Yi, Kwangkeun Seoul Natl Univ Seoul 151 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312059

In this article we present a general method for achieving global static analyzers that are precise, sound, yet also scalable. Our method generalizes the sparse analysis techniques on top of the abstract interpretation framework to support relational as well as non-relational semantics properties for C-like languages. We first use the abstract interpretation framework to have a global static analyzer whose scalability is unattended. Upon this underlying sound static analyzer, we add our generalized sparse analysis techniques to improve its scalability while preserving the precision of the underlying analysis. Our framework determines what to prove to guarantee that the resulting sparse version should preserve the precision of the underlying analyzer. We formally present our framework;we present that existing sparse analyses are all restricted instances of our framework;we show more semantically elaborate design examples of sparse non-relational and relational static analyses;we present their implementation results that scale to analyze up to one million lines of C programs. We also show a set of implementation techniques that turn out to be critical to economically support the sparse analysis process.

关键词： Static analysis abstract interpretation sparse analysis

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Speculative Separation for Privatization and Reductions 12

Speculative Separation for Privatization and Reductions

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33rd acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Johnson, Nick P. Kim, Hanjun Prabhu, Prakash Zaks, Ayal August, David I. Princeton Univ Princeton NJ 08544 USA Intel Corp Haifa Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312059

Automatic parallelization is a promising strategy to improve application performance in the multicore era. However, common programming practices such as the reuse of data structures introduce artificial constraints that obstruct automatic parallelization. Privatization relieves these constraints by replicating data structures, thus enabling scalable parallelization. Prior privatization schemes are limited to arrays and scalar variables because they are sensitive to the layout of dynamic data structures. This work presents Privateer, the first fully automatic privatization system to handle dynamic and recursive data structures, even in languages with unrestricted pointers. To reduce sensitivity to memory layout, Privateer speculatively separates memory objects. Privateer's lightweight runtime system validates speculative separation and speculative privatization to ensure correct parallel execution. Privateer enables automatic parallelization of general-purpose C/C++ applications, yielding a geomean whole-program speedup of 11.4x over best sequential execution on 24 cores, while non-speculative parallelization yields only 0.93x.

关键词： languages Performance design Experimentation Automatic parallelization Separation Speculation

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The Implicit Calculus A New Foundation for Generic programming 12

The Implicit Calculus A New Foundation for Generic Programmi...

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33rd acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Oliveira, Bruno C. d. S. Schrijvers, Tom Choi, Wontae Lee, Wonchan Yi, Kwangkeun Seoul Natl Univ Seoul 151 South Korea Univ Ghent Ghent Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312059

Generic programming (GP) is an increasingly important trend in programming languages. Well-known GP mechanisms, such as type classes and the C++0x concepts proposal, usually combine two features: 1) a special type of interfaces;and 2) implicit instantiation of implementations of those interfaces. Scala implicits are a GP language mechanism, inspired by type classes, that break with the tradition of coupling implicit instantiation with a special type of interface. Instead, implicits provide only implicit instantiation, which is generalized to work for any types. This turns out to be quite powerful and useful to address many limitations that show up in other GP mechanisms. This paper synthesizes the key ideas of implicits formally in a minimal and general core calculus called the implicit calculus (lambda(double right arrow)), and it shows how to build source languages supporting implicit instantiation on top of it. A novelty of the calculus is its support for partial resolution and higher-order rules (a feature that has been proposed before, but was never formalized or implemented). Ultimately, the implicit calculus provides a formal model of implicits, which can be used by language designers to study and inform implementations of similar mechanisms in their own languages.

关键词： languages Implicit parameters type classes C plus plus concepts generic programming Haskell Scala

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And Then There Were None: A Stall-Free Real-Time Garbage Collector for Reconfigurable Hardware 12

And Then There Were None: A Stall-Free Real-Time Garbage Col...

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33rd acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Bacon, David F. Cheng, Perry Shukla, Sunil IBM Research Hawthorne NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312059

Programmers are turning to radical architectures such as reconfigurable hardware (FPGAs) to achieve performance. But such systems, programmed at a very low level in languages with impoverished abstractions, are orders of magnitude more complex to use than conventional CPUs. The continued exponential increase in transistors, combined with the desire to implement ever more sophisticated algorithms, makes it imperative that such systems be programmed at much higher levels of abstraction. One of the fundamental high-level language features is automatic memory management in the form of garbage collection. We present the first implementation of a complete garbage collector in hardware (as opposed to previous "hardware-assist" techniques), using an FPGA and its on-chip memory. Using a completely concurrent snapshot algorithm, it provides single-cycle access to the heap, and never stalls the mutator for even a single cycle, achieving a deterministic mutator utilization (MMU) of 100%. We have synthesized the collector to hardware and show that it never consumes more than 1% of the logic resources of a high-end FPGA. For comparison we also implemented explicit (malloc/free) memory management, and show that real-time collection is about 4% to 17% slower than malloc, with comparable energy consumption. Surprisingly, in hardware real-time collection is superior to stop-the-world collection on every performance axis, and even for stressful micro-benchmarks can achieve 100% MMU with heaps as small as 1.01 to 1.4 times the absolute minimum.

关键词： design languages Experimentation Performance Block RAM FPGA High Level Synthesis Garbage Collection Real Time

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Parcae: A System for Flexible Parallel Execution 12

Parcae: A System for Flexible Parallel Execution

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33rd acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Raman, Arun Zaks, Ayal Lee, Jae W. August, David I. Intel Res Santa Clara CA USA Intel Corp Haifa Israel Sungkyunkwan Univ Suwon South Korea Princeton Univ Princeton NJ 08544 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312059

Workload, platform, and available resources constitute a parallel program's execution environment. Most parallelization efforts statically target an anticipated range of environments, but performance generally degrades outside that range. Existing approaches address this problem with dynamic tuning but do not optimize a multiprogrammed system holistically. Further, they either require manual programming effort or are limited to array-based data-parallel programs. This paper presents Parcae, a generally applicable automatic system for platform-wide dynamic tuning. Parcae includes (i) the Nona compiler, which creates flexible parallel programs whose tasks can be efficiently reconfigured during execution;(ii) the Decima monitor, which measures resource availability and system performance to detect change in the environment;and (iii) the Morta executor, which cuts short the life of executing tasks, replacing them with other functionally equivalent tasks better suited to the current environment. Parallel programs made flexible by Parcae outperform original parallel implementations in many interesting scenarios.

关键词： design Performance automatic parallelization code generation compiler flexible multicore parallel performance portability run-time adaptivity tuning

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Look up!: your future is in the cloud 13

Look up!: your future is in the cloud

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Proceedings of the 34th acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： James R. Larus Microsoft Research Redmond WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450320146

The "Cloud" is a wonderfully expansive phrase used to denote computation and data storage centralized in a large datacenter and elastically accessed across a network. The concept is not new; web sites and business servers have run in datacenters for a long time. These, however, were specialized applications, outside of the mainstream of desktop programs. The past few years has seen enormous change as the mainstream shifts from a single computer to mobile devices and clusters of computers. Three factors are driving this change. 1) Mobile computing, where apps run on a size- and power-constrained device and would be far less interesting without backend systems to augment computation and storage capacity. 2) Big data, which uses clusters of computers to extract valuable information from vast amounts of unstructured data. 3) Inexpensive, elastic computing, pioneered by Amazon Web Services, which enables everyone to rapidly obtain and use many *** a researcher from the language and compiler community, I firmly believe this sea change is at heart a programming problem. Cloud computing is far different from the environment in which most of today's languages and tools were developed, and few programmers have mastered its complexity. New challenges include pervasive parallelism, partial failure, high and variable communication latency, and replication for reliability and throughput.

关键词： cloud computing distributed computing programming languages

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