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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Huang, Shan Shan Smaragdakis, Yannis Georgia Inst Technol Coll Comp Atlanta GA 30332 USA Univ Oregon Dept Comp & Informat Sci Eugene OR 97403 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781595938602

Recently, language extensions have been proposed for Java and C# to support pattern-based reflective declaration. These extensions introduce a disciplined form of meta-programming and aspect-oriented programming to mainstream languages: They allow members of a class (i.e., fields and methods) to be declared by statically iterating over and pattern-matching on members of other classes. Such techniques, however, have been unable to safely express simple, but common, idioms such as declaring getter and setter methods for fields. In this paper, we present a mechanism that addresses the lack of expressiveness in past work without sacrificing safety. Our technique is based on the idea of nested patterns that elaborate the outer-most pattern with blocking or enabling conditions. We implemented this mechanism in a language, MorphJ. We demonstrate the expressiveness of MorphJ with real-world applications. In particular, the MorphJ reimplementation of DSTM2, a software transactional memory library, reduces 1,107 lines of Java reflection and bytecode engineering library calls to just 374 lines of MorphJ code. At the same time, the MorphJ solution is both high level and safer, as MorphJ can separately type check generic classes and catch errors early. We present and formalize the MorphJ type system, and offer a type-checking algorithm.

关键词： languages object-oriented programming structural abstraction class morphing aspect-oriented programming meta-programming language extensions

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Experience report: Playing the DSL card - A domain specific language for component configuration

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2008年第9期43卷 87-90页

作者： Jones, Mark P. Portland State Univ Portland OR 97207 USA

This paper describes our experience using a functional language, Haskell, to build an embedded, domain-specific language (DSL) for component configuration in large-scale, real-time, embedded systems. Prior to the introduction of the DSL, engineers would describe the steps needed to configure a particular system in a handwritten XML document. In this paper, we outline the application domain, give a brief overview of the DSL that we developed, and provide concrete data to demonstrate its effectiveness. In particular, we show that the DSL has several significant benefits over the original, XML-based approach including reduced code size, increased modularity and scalability, and detection and prevention of common defects. For example, using the DSL, we were able to produce clear and intuitive descriptions of component configurations that were sometimes less than 1/30 of the size of the original XML.

关键词： design languages domain-specific languages functional programming Haskell component configuration Timber

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The design and implementation of Typed Scheme

The Design and Implementation of Typed Scheme

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35th acm-sigplan-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of programming languages

作者： Tobin-Hochstadt, Sam Felleisen, Matthias Northeastern Univ PLT Boston MA 02115 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781595936899

When scripts in untyped languages grow into large programs, maintaining them becomes difficult. A lack of types in typical scripting languages means that programmers must (re)discover critical pieces of design information every time they wish to change a program. This analysis step both slows down the maintenance process and may even introduce mistakes due to the violation of undiscovered invariants. This paper presents Typed Scheme, an explicitly typed extension of an untyped scripting language. Its type system is based on the novel notion of occurrence typing, which we formalize and mechanically prove sound. The implementation of Typed Scheme additionally borrows elements from a range of approaches, including recursive types, true unions and subtyping, plus polymorphism combined with a modicum of local inference. Initial experiments with the implementation suggest that Typed Scheme naturally accommodates the programming style of the underlying scripting language, at least for the first few thousand lines of ported code. © 2008 acm.

关键词： Type Systems Scheme

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Transactional events for ML

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2008年第9期43卷 103-114页

作者： Effinger-Dean, Laura Kehrt, Matthew Grossman, Dan Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

Transactional events (TE) are an approach to concurrent programming that enriches the first-class synchronous message-passing of Concurrent ML (CML) with a combinator that allows multiple messages to be passed as part of one all-or-nothing synchronization. Donnelly and Fluet (2006) designed and implemented TE as a Haskell library and demonstrated that it enables elegant solutions to programming patterns that are awkward or impossible in CML. However, both the definition and the implementation of TE relied fundamentally on the code in a synchronization not using mutable memory, an unreasonable assumption for mostly functional languages like ML where functional interfaces may have impure implementations. We present a definition and implementation of TE that supports ML-style references and nested synchronizations, both of which were previously unnecessary due to Haskell's more restrictive type system. As in prior work, we have a high-level semantics that makes nondeterministic choices such that synchronizations succeed whenever possible and a low-level semantics that uses search to implement the high-level semantics soundly and completely. The key design trade-off in the semantics is to allow updates to mutable memory without requiring the implementation to consider all possible thread interleavings. Our solution uses first-class heaps and allows interleavings only when a message is sent or received. We have used Coq to prove the high- and low-level semantics equivalent. We have implemented our approach by modifying the Objective Caml run-time system. By modifying the run-time system, rather than relying solely on a library, we can eliminate the potential for nonterminating computations within unsuccessful synchronizations to run forever.

关键词： languages design transactional events synchronous message passing concurrency

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The power of Pi

The power of Pi

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13th acm sigplan International conference on Functional programming

作者： Oury, Nicolas Swierstra, Wouter Univ Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD England

ISBN: (纸本)9781595939197

This paper exhibits the power of programming with dependent types by dint of embedding three domain-specific languages: Cryptol, a language for cryptographic protocols;a small data description language;and relational algebra. Each example demonstrates particular design patterns inherent to dependently-typed programming. Documenting these techniques paves the way for further research in domain-specific embedded type systems.

关键词： design languages theory

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Report on the Tenth ICFP programming contest

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2008年第9期43卷 397-408页

作者： Dolstra, Eelco Hage, Jurriaan Heeren, Bastiaan Holdermans, Stefan Jeuring, Johan Loeh, Andres Loeh, Clara Middelkoop, Arie Rodriguez, Alexey van Schie, John Delft Univ Technol Dept Software Technol NL-2600 AA Delft Netherlands Univ Utrecht ICS NL-3508 TC Utrecht Netherlands Open Univ Nederland Heerlen Netherlands WWU Munster Munster Germany

The ICFP programming contest is a 72- hour contest, which attracts thousands of contestants from all over the world. In this report we describe what it takes to organise this contest, the main ideas behind the contest we organised, the task, how to solve it, how we created it, and how well the contestants did. This year's task was to reverse engineer the DNA of a stranded alien life form to enable it to survive on our planet. The alien's DNA had to be modified by means of a prefix that modified its meaning so that the alien's phenotype would approximate a given "ideal" outcome, increasing its probability of survival. About 357 teams from 39 countries solved at least part of the contest. The language of choice for discriminating hackers turned out to be C++.

关键词： design languages

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Generics of a Higher Kind

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2008年第10期43卷 423-438页

作者： Moors, Adriaan Piessens, Frank Odersky, Martin Katholieke Univ Leuven DistriNet Louvain Belgium Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

With Java 5 and C-# 2.0, first-order parametric polymorphism was introduced in mainstream object-oriented programming languages under the name of generics. Although the first- order variant of generics is very useful, it also imposes some restrictions: it is possible to abstract over a type, but the resulting type constructor cannot be abstracted over. This can lead to code duplication. We removed this restriction in Scala, by allowing type constructors as type parameters and abstract type members. This paper presents the design and implementation of the resulting type constructor polymorphism. Furthermore, we study how this feature interacts with existing object-oriented constructs, and show how it makes the language more expressive.

关键词： design Experimentation languages type constructor polymorphism higher-kinded types higher-order genericity Scala

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A study of concurrent real-time garbage collectors 08

A study of concurrent real-time garbage collectors

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acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation

作者： Pizlo, Filip Petrank, Erez Steensgaard, Bjarne Purdue Univ W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Microsoft Res Redmond WA 98052 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781595938602

Concurrent garbage collection is highly attractive for real-time systems, because offloading the collection effort from the executing threads allows faster response, allowing for extremely short deadlines at the microseconds level. Concurrent collectors also offer much better scalability over incremental collectors. The main problem with concurrent real-time collectors is their complexity. The first concurrent real-time garbage collector that can support fine synchronization, STOPLESS, has recently been presented by Pizlo et al. In this paper, we propose two additional ( and different) algorithms for concurrent real-time garbage collection: CLOVER and CHICKEN. Both collectors obtain reduced complexity over the first collector STOPLESS, but need to trade a benefit for it. We study the algorithmic strengths and weaknesses of CLOVER and CHICKEN and compare them to STOPLESS. Finally, we have implemented all three collectors on the Bartok compiler and runtime for C# and we present measurements to compare their efficiency and responsiveness.

关键词： algorithms design performance reliability

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design and implementation of Transactional Constructs for C/C plus

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2008年第10期43卷 195-211页

作者： Ni, Yang Welc, Adam Adl-Tabatabai, Ali-Reza Bach, Moshe Berkowits, Sion Cownie, James Geva, Robert Kozhukow, Sergey Narayanaswamy, Ravi Olivier, Jeffrey Preis, Serguei Saha, Bratin Tal, Ady Tian, Xinmin Intel Corp Santa Clara CA 95051 USA

This paper presents a software transactional memory system that introduces first-class C++ language constructs for transactional programming. We describe new C++ language extensions, a production-quality optimizing C++ compiler that translates and optimizes these extensions, and a high-performance STM runtime library. The transactional language constructs support C++ language features including classes, inheritance, virtual functions, exception handling, and templates. The compiler automatically instruments the program for transactional execution and optimizes TM overheads. The runtime library implements multiple execution modes and implements a novel STM algorithm that supports both optimistic and pessimistic concurrency control. The runtime switches a transaction's execution mode dynamically to improve performance and to handle calls to precompiled functions and I/O libraries. We present experimental results on 8 cores (two quad-core CPUs) running a set of 20 non-trivial parallel programs. Our measurements show that our system scales well as the numbers of cores increases and that our compiler and runtime optimizations improve scalability.

关键词： design languages Performance Transactional memory C/C plus

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Automatic volume management for programmable microfluidics

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2008年第6期43卷 56-67页

作者： Amin, Ahmed M. Thottethodi, Mithuna Vijaykumar, T. N. Wereley, Steven Jacobson, Stephen C. Purdue Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Purdue Univ Sch Mech Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Indiana Univ Dept Chem Bloomington IN 47405 USA

Microfluidics has enabled lab-on-a-chip technology to miniaturize and integrate biological and chemical analyses to a single chip comprising channels, valves, mixers, heaters, separators, and sensors. Recent papers have proposed programmable labs-on-a-chip as an alternative to traditional application-specific chips to reduce design effort, time, and cost. While these previous papers provide the basic support for programmability, this paper identifies and addresses a practical issue, namely, fluid volume management. Volume management addresses the problem that the use of a fluid depletes it and unless the given volume of a fluid is distributed carefully among all its uses, execution may run out of the fluid before all its uses are complete. Additionally, fluid volumes should not overflow (i.e., exceed hardware capacity) or underflow (i.e., fall below hardware resolution). We show that the problem can be formulated as a linear programming problem ( LP). Because LP's complexity and slow execution times in practice may be a concern, we propose another approach, called DAGSolve, which over-constrains the problem to achieve linear complexity while maintaining good solution quality. We also propose two optimizations, called cascading and static replication, to handle cases involving extreme mix ratios and numerous fluid uses which may defeat both LP and DAGSolve. Using some real-world assays, we show that our techniques produce good solutions while being faster than LP.

关键词： algorithms design microfluidics programmable lab-on-a-chip fluid volume management

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