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Wormholes: Introducing Effects to FRP

Wormholes: Introducing Effects to FRP

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2012 Haskell Symposium

作者： Winograd-Cort, Daniel Hudak, Paul Yale Univ New Haven CT 06520 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450315746

Functional reactive programming (FRP) is a useful model for programming real-time and reactive systems in which one defines a signal function to process a stream of input values into a stream of output values. However, performing side effects (e. g. memory mutation or input/output) in this model is tricky and typically unsafe. In previous work, Winograd-Cort et al. [2012] introduced resource types and wormholes to address this problem. This paper better motivates, expands upon, and formalizes the notion of a wormhole to fully unlock its potential. We show, for example, that wormholes can be used to define the concept of causality. This in turn allows us to provide behaviors such as looping, a core component of most languages, without building it directly into the language. We also improve upon our previous design by making wormholes less verbose and easier to use. To formalize the notion of a wormhole, we define an extension to the simply typed lambda calculus, complete with typing rules and operational semantics. In addition, we present a new form of semantic transition that we call a temporal transition to specify how an FRP program behaves over time and to allow us to better reason about causality. As our model is designed for a Haskell implementation, the semantics are lazy. Finally, with the language defined, we prove that our wormholes indeed allow side effects to be performed safely in an FRP framework.

关键词： design languages Functional Reactive programming Arrows Resource Types Stream Processing Side Effects Causality

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Bypassing portability pitfalls of high-level low-level programming

Bypassing portability pitfalls of high-level low-level progr...

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2012 6th acm Workshop on Virtual Machines and Intermediate languages, VMIL 2012

作者： Lin, Yi Blackburn, Stephen M. Australian National University Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781450316330

Program portability is an important software engineering consideration. However, when high-level languages are extended to effectively implement system projects for software engineering gain and safety, portability is compromised- high-level code for low-level programming cannot execute on a stock runtime, and, conversely, a runtime with special support implemented will not be portable across different platforms. We explore the portability pitfall of high-level low-level programming in the context of virtual machine implementation tasks. Our approach is designing a restricted high-level language called RJava, with a flexible restriction model and effective low-level extensions, which is suitable for different scopes of virtual machine implementation, and also suitable for a low-level language bypass for improved portability. Apart from designing such a language, another major outcome from this work is clearing up and sharpening the philosophy around language restriction in virtual machine design. In combination, our approach to solving portability pitfalls with RJava favors virtual machine design and implementation in terms of portability and robustness. Copyright © 2012 acm.

关键词： Virtual machine

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Gradual Typing for First-Class Classes 12

Gradual Typing for First-Class Classes

引用

acm International conference on Object Oriented programming Systems languages and Applications

作者： Takikawa, Asumu Strickland, T. Stephen Dimoulas, Christos Tobin-Hochstadt, Sam Felleisen, Matthias Northeastern Univ PLT Boston MA 02115 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450315616

Dynamic type-checking and object-oriented programming often go hand-in-hand;scripting languages such as Python, Ruby, and JavaScript all embrace object-oriented (OO) programming. When scripts written in such languages grow and evolve into large programs, the lack of a static type discipline reduces maintainability. A programmer may thus wish to migrate parts of such scripts to a sister language with a static type system. Unfortunately, existing type systems neither support the flexible OO composition mechanisms found in scripting languages nor accommodate sound interoperation with untyped code. In this paper, we present the design of a gradual typing system that supports sound interaction between statically- and dynamically-typed units of class-based code. The type system uses row polymorphism for classes and thus supports mixin-based OO composition. To protect migration of mixins from typed to untyped components, the system employs a novel form of contracts that partially seal classes. The design comes with a theorem that guarantees the soundness of the type system even in the presence of untyped components.

关键词： languages design gradual typing first-class classes contracts sealing design by contract row polymorphism blame theorem (proof technique)

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ContextErlang: Introducing context-oriented programming in the actor model 12

ContextErlang: Introducing context-oriented programming in t...

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11th Annual International conference on Aspect Oriented Software Development, AOSD'12

作者： Salvaneschi, Guido Ghezzi, Carlo Pradella, Matteo DEEPSE Group DEI Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. Da Vinci 32 Milano Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781450310925

Self-adapting systems are becoming widespread in emerging fields such as autonomic, mobile and ubiquitous computing. Context-oriented programming (COP) is a promising language-level solution for the implementation of context-aware, self-adaptive software. However, current COP approaches struggle to effectively manage the asynchronous nature of context provisioning. We argue that, to solve these issues, COP features should be designed to fit nicely in the concurrency model supported by the language. This work presents the design rationale of CONTEXTERLANG, which introduces COP in the Actor Model. We provide evidence that CONTEXTERLANG constitutes a viable solution to implement context-aware software in a highly concurrent and distributed setting. We discuss a case study and an evaluation of run-time performance. © 2012 acm.

关键词： Ubiquitous computing

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The ALIA4J approach to efficient language implementation

The ALIA4J approach to efficient language implementation

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2012 3rd acm conference on Systems, programming, and Applications: Software for Humanity, SPLASH 2012

作者： Bockisch, Christoph Sewe, Andreas Software Engineering Group University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede Netherlands Software Technology Group Technische Universität Darmstadt Hochschulstr. 10 64289 Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450315630

New programming languages are frequently designed to improve upon other languages or to simplify programs through domain-specific abstracts. They are often implemented as transformations to an established (intermediate) language (IL). But while many new languages overlap in the semantics of their core concepts, re-using the corresponding transformations is limited by existing compiler implementation frameworks. In the ALIA4J approach, we have identified dispatching as fundamental to most abstract mechanisms and provide a metamodel of dispatching as a rich, extensible IL. Based on this meta-model, the semantics of new atomic language concepts can be implemented in a modular and portable fashion. For the execution of the IL, we provide both platform-independent and platform-dependent Java Virtual Machine extensions, the latter of which allows the modular implementation of machine code optimizations. In this demo, participants get an overview of advanced dispatching and the ALIA4J approach. By the example of a language for text-based adventure games, they will see the usage of ALIA4J as back-end for a language developed in a modern language Workbench. Finally, the implementation of new atomic language concepts and their optimization is demonstrated.

关键词： Semantics

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Towards a formal semantics for a structurally dynamic noncausal modelling language

Towards a formal semantics for a structurally dynamic noncau...

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8th acm sigplan Workshop on Types in language design and implementation, TLDI'12, Co-located with POPL 2012

作者： Capper, John Nilsson, Henrik University of Nottingham Nottingham United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781450311205

Modelling and simulation languages are evolving rapidly to support modelling of systems of ever increasing size and complexity. A relatively recent development in the area of physical modelling is the noncausal modelling languages. They support a declarative, highly modular modelling approach, promoting the reuse of components. Modelica is a prime example of this class of languages. However, the mainstream representatives of this class of languages provide limited support for higher-order modelling and structurally dynamic systems. Moreover, the semantics of this class of languages remains a relatively unexplored area. Functional Hybrid Modelling (FHM) is a novel approach to noncausal, hybrid modelling that aims to address these concerns. In this paper, we give a semantics to the discrete part of a simple FHM language expressed in dependent type theory. We use Normalisation by Evaluation to produce a type-preserving and terminating normalisation procedure, the latter property being particularly important for FHM as highly structurally dynamic systems are supported by computing new system configurations during simulation. Furthermore, our implementation has been carefully structured to allow continuous aspects of the semantics to be described separately, in whatever way is deemed appropriate, while retaining the ability to describe precisely how a system evolves in response to discrete events. Copyright © 2012 acm.

关键词： Formal verification

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On the Benefits and Pitfalls of Extending a Statically Typed language JIT Compiler for Dynamic Scripting languages 12

On the Benefits and Pitfalls of Extending a Statically Typed...

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acm International conference on Object Oriented programming Systems languages and Applications

作者： Castanos, Jose Edelsohn, David Ishizaki, Kazuaki Nagpurkar, Priya Nakatani, Toshio Ogasawara, Takeshi Wu, Peng IBM Res Tokyo Tokyo Japan IBM Thomas J Watson Res Ctr Yorktown Hts NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450315616

Whenever the need to compile a new dynamically typed language arises, an appealing option is to repurpose an existing statically typed language Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler (repurposed JIT compiler). Existing repurposed JIT compilers (RJIT compilers), however, have not yet delivered the hoped-for performance boosts. The performance of JVM languages, for instance, often lags behind standard interpreter implementations. Even more customized solutions that extend the internals of a JIT compiler for the target language compete poorly with those designed specifically for dynamically typed languages. Our own Fiorano JIT compiler is an example of this problem. As a state-of-the-art, RJIT compiler for Python, the Fiorano JIT compiler outperforms two other RJIT compilers (Unladen Swallow and Jython), but still shows a noticeable performance gap compared to PyPy, today's best performing Python JIT compiler. In this paper, we discuss techniques that have proved effective in the Fiorano JIT compiler as well as limitations of our current implementation. More importantly, this work offers the first in-depth look at benefits and limitations of the repurposed JIT compiler approach. We believe the most common pitfall of existing RJIT compilers is not focusing sufficiently on specialization, an abundant optimization opportunity unique to dynamically typed languages. Unfortunately, the lack of specialization cannot be overcome by applying traditional optimizations.

关键词： languages Scripting languages Python

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Mapping a Data-Flow programming Model onto Heterogeneous Platforms 12

Mapping a Data-Flow Programming Model onto Heterogeneous Pla...

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13th acm sigplan/SIGBED International conference on languages, Compilers, Tools and Theory for Embedded Systems

作者： Sbirlca, Alina Zou, Yi Budimlic, Zoran Cong, Jason Sarkar, Vivek Rice Univ Houston TX 77251 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450312127

In this paper we explore mapping of a high-level macro data-flow programming model called Concurrent Collections (CnC) onto heterogeneous platforms in order to achieve high performance and low energy consumption while preserving the ease of use of data-flow programming. Modern computing platforms are becoming increasingly heterogeneous in order to improve energy efficiency. This trend is clearly seen across a diverse spectrum of platforms, from small-scale embedded SOCs to large-scale super-computers. However, programming these heterogeneous platforms poses a serious challenge for application developers. We have designed a software flow for converting high-level CnC programs to the Habanero-C language. CnC programs have a clear separation between the application description, the implementation of each of the application components and the abstraction of hardware platform, making it an excellent programming model for domain experts. Domain experts can later employ the help of a tuning expert (either a compiler or a person) to tune their applications with minimal effort. We also extend the Habanero-C runtime system to support work-stealing across heterogeneous computing devices and introduce task affinity for these heterogeneous components to allow users to fine tune the runtime scheduling decisions. We demonstrate a working example that maps a pipeline of medical image-processing algorithms onto a prototype heterogeneous platform that includes CPUs, GPUs and FPGAs. For the medical imaging domain, where obtaining fast and accurate results is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of patients, we show that our model offers up to 17.72x speedup and an estimated usage of 0.52x of the power used by CPUs alone, when using accelerators (GPUs and FPGAs) and CPUs.

关键词： Data flow model Heterogeneous architectures Domain-specific language Tuning annotations

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Comprehensive Kernel Instrumentation via Dynamic Binary Translation

Comprehensive Kernel Instrumentation via Dynamic Binary Tran...

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17th International conference on Architectural Support for programming languages and Operating Systems

作者： Feiner, Peter Brown, Angela Demke Goel, Ashvin Univ Toronto Toronto ON M5S 1A1 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781450307598

Dynamic binary translation (DBT) is a powerful technique that enables fine-grained monitoring and manipulation of an existing program binary. At the user level, it has been employed extensively to develop various analysis, bug-finding, and security tools. Such tools are currently not available for operating system (OS) binaries since no comprehensive DBT framework exists for the OS kernel. To address this problem, we have developed a DBT framework that runs as a Linux kernel module, based on the user-level DynamoRIO framework. Our approach is unique in that it controls all kernel execution, including interrupt and exception handlers and device drivers, enabling comprehensive instrumentation of the OS without imposing any overhead on user-level code. In this paper, we discuss the key challenges in designing and building an in-kernel DBT framework and how the design differs from user-space. We use our framework to build several sample instrumentations, including simple instruction counting as well as an implementation of shadow memory for the kernel. Using the shadow memory, we build a kernel stack overflow protection tool and a memory addressability checking tool. Qualitatively, the system is fast enough and stable enough to run the normal desktop workload of one of the authors for several weeks.

关键词： design Performance Dynamic binary translation operating system instrumentation Linux interrupts

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Evaluation and usability of programming languages and tools (PLATEAU)

Evaluation and usability of programming languages and tools ...

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2012 3rd acm conference on Systems, programming, and Applications: Software for Humanity, SPLASH 2012

作者： Markstrum, Shane Murphy-Hill, Emerson Sadowski, Caitlin Google United States North Carolina State University United States University of California Santa Cruz United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450315630

programming languages exist to enable programmers to develop software effectively. But how efficiently programmers can write software depends on the usability of the languages and tools that they develop with. The aim of this workshop is to discuss methods, metrics and techniques for evaluating the usability of languages and language tools. The supposed benefits of such languages and tools cover a large space, including making programs easier to read, write, and maintain;allowing programmers to write more flexible and powerful programs;and restricting programs to make them more safe and secure. This workshop gathers the intersection of researchers in the programming language, programming tool, and human-computer interaction communities to share their research and discuss the future of evaluation and usability of programming languages and tools. We are also interested in the input of other members of the programming research community working on related areas, such as refactoring, design patterns, program analysis, program comprehension, software visualization, end-user programming, and other programming language paradigms.

关键词： Human computer interaction

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