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Marco: Safe, Expressive Macros for Any language 12

Marco: Safe, Expressive Macros for Any Language

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26th European conference on Object-Oriented programming (ECOOP)

作者： Lee, Byeongcheol Grimm, Robert Hirzel, Martin McKinley, Kathryn S. Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol Gwangju South Korea NYU New York NY 10003 USA IBM Watson Res Ctr Bangalore Karnataka India Microsoft Res Bangalore Karnataka India Univ Texas Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783642310577;9783642310560

Macros improve expressiveness, concision, abstraction, and language interoperability without changing the programming language itself. They are indispensable for building increasingly prevalent multilingual applications. Unfortunately, existing macro systems are well-encapsulated but unsafe (e.g., the C preprocessor) or are safe but tightly-integrated with the language implementation (e.g., Scheme macros). This paper introduces Marco, the first macro system that seeks both encapsulation and safety. Marco is based on the observation that the macro system need not know all the syntactic and semantic rules of the target language but must only directly enforce some rules, such as variable name binding. Using this observation, Marco off-loads most rule checking to unmodified target-language compilers and interpreters and thus becomes language-scalable. We describe the Marco language, its language-independent safety analysis, and how it uses two example target-language analysis plug-ins, one for C++ and one for SQL. This approach opens the door to safe and expressive macros for any language.

关键词： Semantics

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Region Scheduling: Efficiently Using the Cache Architectures via Page-level Affinity

Region Scheduling: Efficiently Using the Cache Architectures...

引用

17th International conference on Architectural Support for programming languages and Operating Systems

作者： Lee, Min Schwan, Karsten Georgia Inst Technol Ctr Expt Res Comp Syst Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450307598

The performance of modern many-core platforms strongly depends on the effectiveness of using their complex cache and memory structures. This indicates the need for a memory-centric approach to platform scheduling, in which it is the locations of memory blocks in caches rather than CPU idleness that determines where application processes are run. Using the term 'memory region' to denote the current set of physical memory pages actively used by an application, this paper presents and evaluates region-based scheduling methods for multicore platforms. This involves (i) continuously and at runtime identifying the memory regions used by executable entities, and their sizes, (ii) mapping these regions to caches to match performance goals, and (iii) maintaining region to cache mappings by ensuring that entities run on processors with direct access to the caches containing their regions. Region scheduling can implement policies that (i) offer improved performance to applications by 'unifying' the multiple caches present on the underlying physical machine and/or by 'balancing' cache usage to take maximum advantage of available cache space, (ii) better isolate applications from each other, particularly when their performance is strongly affected by cache availability, and also (iii) take advantage of standard scheduling and CPU-based load balancing when regioning is ineffective. The paper describes region scheduling and its system-level implementation and evaluates its performance with micro-benchmarks and representative multi-core applications. Single applications see performance improvements of up to 15% with region scheduling, and we observe 40% latency improvements when a platform is shared by multiple applications. Superior isolation is shown to be particularly important for cache-sensitive or real-time codes.

关键词： Performance design Experimentation Virtualization Xen Cache Memory Region Server Consolidation

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Pause 'n' Play: Formalizing Asynchronous C^# 12

Pause 'n' Play: Formalizing Asynchronous C<SUP>#</SUP>

引用

26th European conference on Object-Oriented programming (ECOOP)

作者： Bierman, Gavin Russo, Claudio Mainland, Geoffrey Meijer, Erik Torgersen, Mads Microsoft Res Bangalore Karnataka India Microsoft Corp Redmond WA 98052 USA Delft Univ Technol Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783642310577;9783642310560

Writing applications that connect to external services and yet remain responsive and resource conscious is a difficult task. With the rise of web programming this has become a common problem. The solution lies in using asynchronous operations that separate issuing a request from waiting for its completion. However, doing so in common object-oriented languages is difficult and error prone. Asynchronous operations rely on callbacks, forcing the programmer to cede control. This inversion of control-flow impedes the use of structured control constructs, the staple of sequential code. In this paper, we describe the language support for asynchronous programming in the upcoming version of C-#. The feature enables asynchronous programming using structured control constructs. Our main contribution is a precise mathematical description that is abstract (avoiding descriptions of compiler-generated state machines) and yet sufficiently concrete to allow important implementation properties to be identified and proved correct.

关键词： Object oriented programming

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Tracking down software changes responsible for performance loss 12

Tracking down software changes responsible for performance l...

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4th International Workshop on Smalltalk Technologies, IWST 2012

作者： Alcocer, Juan Pablo Sandoval University of Chile Santiago Chile

ISBN: (纸本)9781450318976

Continuous software change may inadvertently introduce a drop in performance at runtime. The longer the performance loss remains undiscovered, the harder it is to address. Current profilers do not efficiently support performance comparison across multiple software versions. As a consequence, identifying the cause of a slow execution caused by a software change is often carried out in an ad-hoc fashion. We propose multidimensional profiling as a way to repeatedly profile a software execution by varying some variables of the execution context. Having explicit execution variation points is key to understanding precisely how a performance aspect evolves along with the version history of the software. We present the key ingredients to make multidimensional profiling effective, and sketch the design of Rizel, an implementation in the Pharo programming language. Copyright © 2012 acm.

关键词： Computer programming

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Pushouts in software architecture design 12

Pushouts in software architecture design

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11th acm International conference on Generative programming and Component Engineering, GPCE 2012

作者： Riché, T.L. Gonçalves, R. Marker, B. Batory, D. National Instruments Austin TX United States Departamento de Informática Universidade do Minho Braga Portugal Dept. of Computer Science University of Texas at Austin Austin TX United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450311298

A classical approach to program derivation is to progressively extend a simple specification and then incrementally refine it to an implementation. We claim this approach is hard or impractical when reverse engineering legacy software architectures. We present a case study that shows optimizations and pushouts-in addition to refinements and extensions-are essential for practical stepwise development of complex software architectures. Copyright 2012 acm.

关键词： Software architecture

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An Abstract Interpretation Framework for Refactoring with Application to Extract Methods with Contracts 12

An Abstract Interpretation Framework for Refactoring with Ap...

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acm International conference on Object Oriented programming Systems languages and Applications

作者： Cousot, Patrick Cousot, Radhia Logozzo, Francesco Barnett, Michael INRIA CNRS ENS Paris France NYU New York NY 10003 USA Microsoft Res Redmond WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450315616

Method extraction is a common refactoring feature provided by most modern IDEs. It replaces a user-selected piece of code with a call to an automatically generated method. We address the problem of automatically inferring contracts (precondition, postcondition) for the extracted method. We require the inferred contract: (a) to be valid for the extracted method (validity);(b) to guard the language and programmer assertions in the body of the extracted method by an opportune precondition (safety);(c) to preserve the proof of correctness of the original code when analyzing the new method separately (completeness);and (d) to be the most general possible (generality). These requirements rule out trivial solutions (e. g., inlining, projection, etc). We propose two theoretical solutions to the problem. The first one is simple and optimal. It is valid, safe, complete and general but unfortunately not effectively computable (except for unrealistic finiteness/decidability hypotheses). The second one is based on an iterative forward/backward method. We show it to be valid, safe, and, under reasonable assumptions, complete and general. We prove that the second solution subsumes the first. All justifications are provided with respect to a new, set-theoretic version of Hoare logic (hence without logic), and abstractions of Hoare logic, revisited to avoid surprisingly unsound inference rules. We have implemented the new algorithms on the top of two industrial-strength tools (CCCheck and the Microsoft Roslyn CTP). Our experience shows that the analysis is both fast enough to be used in an interactive environment and precise enough to generate good annotations.

关键词： design Documentation Experimentation Human Factors languages Reliability Verification Abstract interpretation design by contract Method extraction Program transformation Refactoring Static analysis

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Reusing Debugging Knowledge via Trace-based Bug Search 12

Reusing Debugging Knowledge via Trace-based Bug Search

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acm International conference on Object Oriented programming Systems languages and Applications

作者： Gu, Zhongxian Barr, Earl T. Schleck, Drew Su, Zhendong Univ Calif Davis Dept Comp Sci Davis CA 95616 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450315616

Some bugs, among the millions that exist, are similar to each other. One bug-fixing tactic is to search for similar bugs that have been reported and resolved in the past. A fix for a similar bug can help a developer understand a bug, or even directly fix it. Studying bugs with similar symptoms, programmers may determine how to detect or resolve them. To speed debugging, we advocate the systematic capture and reuse of debugging knowledge, much of which is currently wasted. The core challenge here is how to search for similar bugs. To tackle this problem, we exploit semantic bug information in the form of execution traces, which precisely capture bug semantics. This paper introduces novel tool and language support for semantically querying and analyzing bugs. We describe OSCILLOSCOPE, an Eclipse plugin, that uses a bug trace to exhaustively search its database for similar bugs and return their bug reports. OSCILLOSCOPE displays the traces of the bugs it returns against the trace of the target bug, so a developer can visually examine the quality of the matches. OSCILLOSCOPE rests on our bug query language (BQL), a flexible query language over traces. To realize OSCILLOSCOPE, we developed an open infrastructure that consists of a trace collection engine, BQL, a Hadoop-based query engine for BQL, a trace-indexed bug database, as well as a web-based frontend. OSCILLOSCOPE records and up-loads bug traces to its infrastructure;it does so automatically when a JUnit test fails. We evaluated OSCILLOSCOPE on bugs collected from popular open-source projects. We show that OSCILLOSCOPE accurately and efficiently finds similar bugs, some of which could have been immediately used to fix open bugs.

关键词： design languages Reliability OSCILLOSCOPE reusing debugging knowledge

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Patterns as objects in grace

Patterns as objects in grace

引用

8th acm Dynamic languages Symposium, DLS 2012

作者： Homer, Michael Noble, James Bruce, Kim B. Black, Andrew P. Pearce, David J. Victoria University of Wellington New Zealand Pomona College CA United States Portland State University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450315647

Object orientation and pattern matching are often seen as conflicting approaches to program design. Object-oriented programs place type-dependent behavior inside objects and invoke it via dynamic dispatch, while pattern-matching programs place type-dependent behavior outside data structures and invoke it via multiway conditionals (case statements). Grace is a new, dynamic, object-oriented language designed to support teaching: to this end, Grace needs to support both styles. We explain how this conflict can be resolved gracefully: by modelling patterns and cases as partial functions, reifying those functions as objects, and then building up complex patterns from simpler ones using pattern combinators. We describe the implementation of this design as an objectoriented framework, and a case study of its effectiveness.

关键词： Object oriented programming

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Workshop: What drives design?

Workshop: What drives design?

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2012 3rd acm conference on Systems, programming, and Applications: Software for Humanity, SPLASH 2012

作者： Mancl, Dennis Fraser, Steven D. Harris, Gail E. Opdyke, Bill Alcatel-Lucent Murray Hill NJ United States Cisco Systems San Jose CA United States Instantiated Software Toronto Canada JP Morgan Chase4 Chicago IL United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450315630

designers are busy people, and they are getting busier. In today's world designers must deal with three competing pressures: A relentless avalanche of changes in end-user technologies and applications domains, An insatiable marketplace that demands rapid delivery of innovative products and services, and A parade of improvements in implementation technologies: languages, tools, and prototyping environments. The job of design is becoming more frantic. designers have less time to think. Managers have already sold the customers on the next innovation to the system, and the developers have already started hacking. Can we really think that fast? Maybe there is a silver bullet design methodology. There have been a number of attempts to drive design from responsibilities, features, tests, models, behavior, domains, and contracts. Could these be a good place to start? Do any of these approaches (RDD, FDD, TDD, and so on) offer any help to the busy designer? This workshop will attempt to gather the evidence for effective design principles. Should we consider adopting a single approach, or should we consider taking inspiration from several methods? The workshop will discuss benefits and pitfalls.

关键词： Personal computing

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Explicit Use-case Representation in Object-oriented programming languages

Explicit Use-case Representation in Object-oriented Programm...

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7th Symposium on Dynamic languages

作者： Hirschfeld, Robert Perscheid, Michael Haupt, Michael Univ Potsdam Software Architecture Grp Hasso Plattner Inst Potsdam Germany

Use-cases are considered an integral part of most contemporary development processes since they describe a software system's expected behavior from the perspective of its prospective users. However, the presence of and traceability to use-cases is increasingly lost in later more code-centric development activities. Use-cases, being well-encapsulated at the level of requirements descriptions, eventually lead to crosscutting concerns in system design and source code. Tracing which parts of the system contribute to which use-cases is therefore hard and so limits understandability. In this paper, we propose an approach to making use-cases first-class entities in both the programming language and the runtime environment. Having use-cases present in the code and the running system will allow developers, maintainers, and operators to easily associate their units of work with what matters to the users. We suggest the combination of use-cases, acceptance tests, and dynamic analysis to automatically associate source code with use-cases. We present UseCasePy, an implementation of our approach to use-case-centered development in Python, and its application to the Django Web framework.

关键词： design languages use-cases separation of concerns traceability

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