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检索条件"任意字段=APGV 2005: 2nd Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization"

共 18 条记录，以下是11-20 订阅

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Layered motion field visualization: Perceptual issues 05

Layered motion field visualization: Perceptual issues

引用

apgv 2005: 2nd symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Langer, M.S. Rekhi, D. Pereira, J. Bhatia, A. McGill University Montreal Canada

ISBN: (纸本)1595931392

Layered motion fields arise in natural vision in many situations, including self-motion in a cluttered scene, motion of a fluid, and transparency. Layered motion fields have the property that there are multiple velocities present near each 2D spatial location. As such, standard 2D motion visualization methods do not apply, since they allow for only a single velocity vector at each image position. This paper examines perceptual issues that arise in visualizing layered motion fields. A key issue is that the human visual system is severely limited in how well it can process such fields. We give a thorough review of the relevant psychophysical literature, and focus on experiments that test how well the human visual system can detect spatial discontinuities and discrete layers in motion fields. We then present a specific layered motion visualization method. We demonstrate the limitations of the human visual system in perceiving the layered motions produced by this method. Copyright © 2005 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.

关键词： visualization

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A multiresolution color model for visual difference prediction 05

A multiresolution color model for visual difference predicti...

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apgv 2005: 2nd symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Tolhurst, David J. Ripamonti, Caterina Párraga, C. Alejandro Lovell, P. George Troscianko, Tom Department of Physiology University of Cambridge Department of Experimental Psychology University of Bristol

ISBN: (纸本)1595931392

How different are two images when viewed by a human observer? Such knowledge is needed in many situations including when one has to judge the degree to which a graphics representation may be similar to a high-quality photograph of the original scene. There is a class of computational models which attempt to predict such perceived differences. These are derived from theoretical considerations of human vision and are mostly validated from experiments on stimuli such as sinusoidal gratings. We are developing a model of visual difference prediction based on multi-scale analysis of local contrast, to be tested with psychophysical discrimination experiments on natural-scene stimuli. Here, we extend our model to account for differences in the chromatic domain. We describe the model, how it has been derived and how we attempt to validate it psychophysically for monochrome and chromatic images. Copyright © 2005 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.

关键词： Computer graphics

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Reevaluating stereo and motion cues for visualizing graphs in three dimensions 05

Reevaluating stereo and motion cues for visualizing graphs i...

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apgv 2005: 2nd symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Ware, Colin Mitchell, Peter Data Visualization Research Lab. CCOM University of New Hampshire

ISBN: (纸本)1595931392

It has been known for some time that larger graphs can be interpreted if viewed in 3D than in 2D. Both kinetic depth cues and stereoscopic depth cues increase the size of the structure that can be interpreted, However, prior studies were carried out using displays that provided a level of detail far short of what the human visual system is capable of resolving. This is especially problematic because human stereoscopic vision is known to be a super-acuity, it operates best under conditions where fine details are present. Therefore we undertook a graph comprehension study using a very high resolution stereoscopic display. We examined the effect of stereo, kinetic depth and using 3D tubes versus lines to display the links, The results showed a much greater benefit for 3D viewing than previous studies. For example, with both motion and depth cues, unskilled observers could see paths between nodes in 333 node graphs with a better than 10% error rate. Skilled observers could see up to a 1000 node graph with less than a 10% error rate. This represented an order of magnitude increase over 2D display. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for information display. Copyright © 2005 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.

关键词： Graphic methods

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A comparison of material and illumination discrimination performance for real rough, real smooth and computer generated smooth spheres 05

A comparison of material and illumination discrimination per...

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apgv 2005: 2nd symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Te Pas, Susan F. Pont, Sylvia C. Social Sciences Helmholtz Institute Utrecht University Physics and Astronomy Helmholtz Institute Utrecht University

ISBN: (纸本)1595931392

The appearance of objects in natural scenes is determined by their reflectance, their 3D texture, their shape and by the nature of the illumination. Results of previous experiments using computer generated images of spheres with different reflectance modes and under different canonical illuminations suggested that perception of reflectance mode and illumination are basically confounded. In the present study we investigate whether the conclusions from the experiments with simplified rendered spheres can be extended to ecologically valid images. We use two sets of photographs of real spheres, the first set is taken from the Dror Database [Dror et al. 2001], with simple reflectance modes but complex natural illumination (e.g. desklamp, lab, foodcourt). The second set is taken from the Utrecht Oranges Database [Pont and Koenderink 2003], with simple canonical illumination but material consisting of both reflectance and 3D texture differences (e.g. orange, golf ball, christmas decoration). We find that, although to a lesser extent, even in images of complex objects, perception of material and illumination are basically confounded. Overall, illumination and material are confounded most when we present rendered spheres that differ only in reflectance mode under simple canonical illumination conditions. Interestingly, adding complex natural illumination containing higher order angular frequencies helps to disambiguate this confound in material judgments, but not in illumination judgments. Most helpful was the addition of 3D texture. Copyright © 2005 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.

关键词： Computer graphics

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Auxiliary object knowledge influences visually-guided interception behavior 05

Auxiliary object knowledge influences visually-guided interc...

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apgv 2005: 2nd symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Battaglia, Peter W. Schratert, Paul R. Kersten, Daniel J. University of Minnesota

ISBN: (纸本)1595931392

This work investigated how humans integrate visual information with object knowledge for interception behavior. When attempting to intercept a moving object using only monocular visual information, the optimal interception position may be ambiguous-the observer may be viewing a small object that is near or a large object that is far away. Regardless, humans are quite adept at monocular interception so it is likely that additional information is incorporated to disambiguate the visual information. We hypothesize that object size information is integrated to accomplish this disambiguation. This sort of auxiliary information integration is well-defined by a Bayesian model of information propagation. We derived a Bayesian model that represents scene attributes relevant to intercepting an object and relations among these attributes. Our model combines sensory measurements with prior scene knowledge to infer an object's position. To test our model we asked participants to intercept a moving ball in virtual reality. In some trials participants were able to see and touch the ball before intercepting it, in others they were only able to see it. When allowed to touch the ball, participants showed improved interception performance. Effectively, they discounted the variation in image size that was caused by variation in object size to obtain more accurate knowledge of object distance. This discounting is consistent with Bayesian information propagation and confirms our hypothesis that human participants use Bayesian inference to estimate an object's distance for interception. Copyright © 2005 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc.

关键词： Sensory perception

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Scene consistency and spatial presence increase the sensation of self-motion in virtual reality 05

Scene consistency and spatial presence increase the sensatio...

引用

apgv 2005: 2nd symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Riecke, Bernhard E. Schulte-Pelkum, Jörg Avraamides, Marios N. Von Der Heyde, Markus Bülthoff, Heinrich H. Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany Department of Psychology University of Cyprus SCC Bauhaus-Universität Weimar Germany

ISBN: (纸本)1595931392

The illusion of self-motion induced by moving visual stimuli ("vection") has typically been attributed to low-level, bottom-up perceptual processes. Therefore, past research has focused primarily on examining how physical parameters of the visual stimulus (contrast, number of vertical edges etc.) affect vection. Here, we investigated whether higher-level cognitive and top-down processes - namely global scene consistency and spatial presence - also contribute to the illusion. These factors were indirectly manipulated by presenting either a natural scene (the Tübingen market place) or various scrambled and thus globally inconsistent versions of the same stimulus. Due to the scene scrambling, the stimulus could no longer be perceived as a consistent 3D scene, which was expected to decrease spatial presence and thus impair vection. Twelve naive observers were asked to indicate the onset, intensity, and convincingness of circular vection induced by rotating visual stimuli presented on a curved projection screen (FOV: 54°×45°). Spatial presence was assessed using presence questionnaires. As predicted, scene scrambling impaired both vection and presence ratings for all dependent measures. Neither type nor severity of scrambling, however, showed any clear effect. The data suggest that higher-level information (the interpretation of the globally consistent stimulus as a 3D scene and stable reference frame) dominated over the low-level (bottom-up) information (more contrast edges in the scrambled stimuli, which are known to facilitate vection). Results suggest a direct relation between spatial presence and self-motion perception. We posit that stimuli depicting globally consistent, naturalistic scenes provide observers with a convincing spatial reference frame for the simulated environment which allows them to feel "spatially present" therein. We propose that this, in turn, increases the believability of the visual stimuli as a stable "scene" with respect to which visual moti

关键词： Computer graphics

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Step synchronization and third person speed perception in virtual environment locomotion simulators 09

Step synchronization and third person speed perception in vi...

引用

apgv 2009: symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Lehtinen, Sonja Cheung, Clara Pelah, Adar Cameron, Jonathan Lasenby, Joan University of Cambridge United Kingdom University of York United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781605587431

Human locomotion is known to be influenced by observation of another person's gait. For example, athletes often synchronize their step in long distance races. However, how interaction with a virtual runner affects the gait of a real runner has not been studied. We investigated this by creating an illusion of running behind a virtual model (VM) using a treadmill and large screen virtual environment showing a video of a VM. We looked at step synchronization between the real and virtual runner and at the role of the step frequency (SF) in the real runner's perception of VM speed. We found that subjects match VM SF when asked to match VM speed with their own (Figure 1). This indicates step synchronization may be a strategy of speed matching or speed perception. Subjects chose higher speeds when VMSF was higher (though VM was 12km/h in all videos). This effect was more pronounced when the speed estimate was rated verbally while standing still. (Figure 2). This may due to correlated physical activity affecting the perception of VM speed [Jacobs et al. 2005];or step synchronization altering the subjects' perception of self speed [Durgin et al. 2007]. Our findings indicate that third person activity in a collaborative virtual locomotive environment can have a pronounced effect on an observer's gait activity and their perceptual judgments of the activity of others: the SF of others (virtual or real) can potentially influence one's perception of self speed and lead to changes in speed and SF. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms would support the design of more compelling virtual trainers and may be instructive for competitive athletics in the real world. © 2009 ACM.

关键词： Virtual reality

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2-1/2D texture mapping: Real-time perceptual surface roughening 07

2-1/2D texture mapping: Real-time perceptual surface roughen...

引用

apgv 2007: 4th symposium on applied perception in graphics and visualization

作者： Pont, Sylvia C. Sen, Pradeep Hanrahan, Pat Helmholtz Institute Utrecht University Advanced Graphics Lab. University of New Mexico Stanford University

ISBN: (纸本)159593670X

We applied fundamental perceptual and physico-mathematical studies to a fast method for luminance remapping of 2D texture maps which enhances perceived surface roughness in comparison with conventional 2D texture mapping. The fundamental physical mechanism underlying the method is the fact that texture contrast increases as the incident illumination tends towards grazing for rough matte surfaces, actually exploding near the shadow edge [Pont and Koenderink 2005]. A psychophysical study by Ho et al. [Ho et al. 2006] confirmed that human observers use texture contrast as a cue for relief-depth or surface roughness. Thus, 2D texture-mapped objects will appear to have a rougher surface if the texture contrast is increased as a function of the local illumination angle. In particular, we increase the bidirectional texture contrast in close accordance with the contrast gradients measured for real objects with rough surfaces. The method presented works well for random textures of locally-matte surfaces if the original texture does not have a contrast that is too high. This modification is in addition to the usual attenuation of the surface irradiance due to the angle of the incident illumination and the computational costs of the technique are similar to that of conventional diffuse shading. This low cost makes it straightforward to implement the technique with real-time shaders which allow interactive rendering on modern graphics hardware. © 2007 ACM.

关键词： Real time systems

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