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Proceedings of the 1995 acm SIGMETRICS joint international conference on measurement and modeling of computer systems

作者： Marwan Krunz Herman Hughes Department of Electrical Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI Department of Computer Science Michigan State University East Lansing MI

ISBN: (纸本)9780897916950

Compression of digital video is the only viable means to transport real-time full-motion video over BISDN/ATM networks. Traffic streams generated by video compressors exhibit complicated patterns which vary from one compression scheme to another. In this paper we investigate the traffic characteristics of video streams which are compressed based on the MPEG standard. Our study is based on 23 minutes of video obtained from an entertainment movie. A particular significance of our data is that it contains all types of coded frames, namely: Intra-coded (I), Prediction (P), and Bidirectional (B) MPEG frames. We describe the statistical behavior of the VBR stream using histograms and autocorrelation functions. A procedure is developed to determine the instants of a scene change based on the changes in the size of successive I frames. It is found that the length of a scene can be modeled by a geometric distribution.A model for an MPEG traffic source is developed in which frames are generated according to the compression pattern of the captured video stream. For each frame type, the number of cells per frame is fitted by a lognormal distribution whose parameters are determined by the frame type. The appropriateness and limitations of the model are examined by studying the multiplexing performance of MPEG streams. Simulations of an ATM multiplexer are conducted, in which traffic sources are derived from the measured VBR trace as well as the proposed model. The queueing performance in both cases is found to be relatively close.

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measurement and modeling of MOS transistor current mismatch in analog IC's

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IEEE Transactions on computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and systems 1994年 272-277页

作者： Felt, Eric Narayan, Amit Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, Alberto Univ of California Berkeley United States

This paper presents a new methodology for measuring MOS transistor current mismatch and a new transistor current mismatch model. The new methodology is based on extracting the mismatch information from a fully functional circuit rather than on probing individual devices;this extraction leads to more efficient and more accurate mismatch measurement. The new model characterizes the total mismatch as a sum of two components, one systematic and the other random. For our process, we attribute nearly half of the mismatch to the systematic component, which we model as a linear gradient across the die. Furthermore, we present a new model for the random component of the mismatch which is 60% more accurate, on average, than existing models.

关键词： MOSFET devices

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16th IFIP Working Group 7.3 international Symposium on computer Performance modeling, measurement and Evaluation and acm SIGMETRICS conference on measurement and modeling of computer systems, 1993

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16th IFIP Working Group 7.3 international Symposium on computer Performance modeling, measurement and Evaluation and acm SIGMETRICS conference on measurement and modeling of computer systems, 1993

ISBN: (纸本)9783540572978

The proceedings contain 26 papers. The special focus in this conference is on computer Performance modeling, measurement and Evaluation. The topics include: Parallel simulation;properties and analysis of queueing network models with finite capacities;performance analysis and optimization with the power-series algorithm;multiprocessor and distributed system design;response time distributions in queueing network models;fast simulation of rare events in queueing and reliability models;an inlxoduction to modeling dynamic behavior with time series analysis;issues in trace-driven simulation;maximum entropy analysis of queueing network models;performance modeling using DSPN express;relaxation for massively parallel discrete event simulation;an overview of tes processes and modeling methodology;performance engineering of client-server systems;queueing networks with finite capacities;performance instrumentation techniques for parallel systems;a survey of bottleneck analysis in closed networks of queues;software performance engineering;performance measurement using system monitors;providing quality of service packet switched networks;dependability and performability analysis;architectures and algorithms for digital multimedia on-demand servers;analysis and control of polling systems;modeling and analysis of transaction processing systems.

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Performance measurement using system monitors 16th

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16th IFIP Working Group 7.3 international Symposium on computer Performance modeling, measurement and Evaluation and acm SIGMETRICS conference on measurement and modeling of computer systems, 1993

作者： Thurner, Erwin M. Siemens AG ZFE ST SN 13 MünchenD-81730 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783540572978

System monitors record inner states of computing systems. They are required for the debugging of computer systems as well as for the measurement of performance and they are used for the verification of system models, too. This paper first discusses the area of application of system monitors, and afterwards it introduces measurement-principles of the different monitor types: - Software monitors, that either analyze the account-log, or that are available as event-driven monitors, as samplers or as profiling-monitors. - Hardware monitors, using the measurement-principles logic-analyzer, events, sampling, and constructing classes of states. Hybrid monitors, which use the measurement-principles of hardwaremonitors on the hardware part, but differ by the software part that generates the signals to be measured. At last, connections to performance-analysis based on models are discussed. © 1993, Springer-Verlag. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computation theory

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An evaluation of alternative virtual replication strategies for continuous retrieval of multimedia data 93

An evaluation of alternative virtual replication strategies ...

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1993 acm SIGMETRICS conference on measurement and modeling of computer systems, SIGMETRICS 1993

作者： Ghandeharizadeh, Shahram Ramos, Luis Computer Science Department University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897915801

During the past decade, information technology has evolved to store and retrieve multimedia data (e.g., audio, video). Multimedia information systems utilize a variety of human senses to provide an effective means of conveying information. Already, these systems play a major role in educational applications, entertainment technology, and library information systems. A challenging task when implementing these systems is to support a continuous retrieval of an object at the bandwidth required by its media type. This is challenging because certain media types, in particular video, require very high bandwidths. For example, the bandwidth required by NTSC (the US standard established by the National Television System Committee) for "network-quality" video is about 45 megabits per second (mbps). Recommendation 601 of the international Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) calls for a 216 mbps bandwidth for video objects. A video object based on the HDTV (High Definition Television) quality images requires approximately a 700 mbps bandwidth. Compare these bandwidth requirements with the typical 10 mbps bandwidth of a magnetic disk drive, which is not expected to increase significantly in the near future. Currently, there are several ways to support continuous display of these objects: 1) sacrifice the quality of the data by using either a lossy compression technique or a low resolution device, 2) employ the aggregate bandwidth of several disk drives by declustering an object across multiple disks [2], and 3) use a combination of these two techniques. Lossy compression techniques encode data into a form that consumes a relatively small amount of space, however, when the data is decoded, it yields a representation similar to the original (some loss of data). While it is effective, there are applications that cannot tolerate loss of data. As an example consider the video signals collected from space. This data may not be compressed using a lossy compression technique. Otherwise

关键词： Bandwidth

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Providing quality of service in packet switched networks 16th

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16th IFIP Working Group 7.3 international Symposium on computer Performance modeling, measurement and Evaluation and acm SIGMETRICS conference on measurement and modeling of computer systems, 1993

作者： Towsley, Don Dept of Computer Science University of Massachusetts AmherstMA01003 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540572978

Increases in bandwidths and processing capabilities of future packet switched networks will give rise to a dramatic increase in the types of applications using them. Many of these applications will require guaranteed quality of service (QOS) such as a bound on the maximum end-to-end packet delay and/or on the probability of packet loss. This poses exciting challenges to network designers. In this paper we discuss the QOS requirements of different applications and survey recent developments in the areas of call admission, link scheduling, and the interaction between the provision of QOS and call routing and traffic monitoring and policing. We identify what some of the important issues are in these areas and point out important directions for future research efforts. © 1993, Springer-Verlag. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quality of service

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An overview of TES processes and modeling methodology 16th

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16th IFIP Working Group 7.3 international Symposium on computer Performance modeling, measurement and Evaluation and acm SIGMETRICS conference on measurement and modeling of computer systems, 1993

作者： Melamed, Benjamin NEC USA Inc. C and C Research Laboratories 4 Independence Way PrincetonNJ08540 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540572978

TES (Transform-Expand-Sample) is a versatile methodology for modeling stationary time series with general marginal distributions and a broad range of dependence structures. From the viewpoint of Monte Carlo simulation, TES constitutes a new and flexible input analysis approach whose principal merit is its potential ability to simultaneously capture first-order and second-order statistics of empirical time series. That is, TES is designed to fit an arbitrary empirical marginal distribution (histogram), and to simultaneously approximate the leading empirical autocorrelations. This paper is a tutorial introduction to the theory of TES processes and to the modeling methodology based on it. It employs a didactic approach which relies heavily on visual intuition as a means of conveying key ideas and an aid in building deep understanding of TES. This approach is in line with practical TES modeling which itself is based on visual interaction under software support. The interaction takes on the form of a heuristic search in a large parameter space, and it currently relies on visual feedback supplied by computer graphics. The tutorial is structured around an illustrative example both to clarify the modeling methodology and to exemplify its efficacy. © 1993, Springer-Verlag. All rights reserved.

关键词： computer graphics

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Maximum entropy analysis of queueing network models 16th

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16th IFIP Working Group 7.3 international Symposium on computer Performance modeling, measurement and Evaluation and acm SIGMETRICS conference on measurement and modeling of computer systems, 1993

作者： Kouvatsos, Demetres Computer Systems Modelling Research Group University of Bradford BradfordBD7 1DP United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9783540572978

The principle of Maximum Entropy (ME) provides a consistent method of inference for estimating the form of an unknown discrete-state probability distribution, based on information expressed in terms of true expected values. In this tutorial paper entropy maximisation is used to characterise product-form approximations and resolution algorithms for arbitrary continuous-time and discrete-time Queueing Network Models (QNMs) at equilibrium under Repetitive-Service (RS) blocking and Arrivals First (AF) or Departures First (DF) buffer management policies. An ME application to the performance modelling of a shared-buffer Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) switch architecture is also presented. The ME solutions are implemented subject to Generalised Exponential (GE) and Generalised Geometric (GGeo) queueing theoretic mean value constraints, as appropriate. In this context, single server GE and GGeo type queues in conjunction with associated effective flow streams (departure, splitting, merging) are used as building blocks in the solution process. Physical interpretations of the results are given and extensions to the quantitative analysis of more complex queueing networks are discussed. © 1993, Springer-Verlag. All rights reserved.

关键词： Asynchronous transfer mode

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Performance instrumentation techniques for parallel systems 16th

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16th IFIP Working Group 7.3 international Symposium on computer Performance modeling, measurement and Evaluation and acm SIGMETRICS conference on measurement and modeling of computer systems, 1993

作者： Reed, Daniel A. Department of Computer Science University of Illlnois UrbanaIL61801 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540572978

Although the nascent state of parallel systems makes empirical performance measurement, analysis and tuning critical, rapid technological evolution, coupled with short product life cycles, has often made it difficult to isolate fundamental experimental principles from implementation artifacts. By definition, the apparatus for experimental performance analysis (i.e., instrumentation specification, data buffering, timestamp generation, and data extraction) is shaped by the intended experiment and the object of study. In some environments, certain experiments are not feasible. Balancing the volume of captured performance data against its accuracy and timeliness requires both appropriate tools and an understanding of instrumentation costs, implementation alternatives, and support infrastructure. © 1993, Springer-Verlag. All rights reserved.

关键词： Life cycle

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Dependability and performability analysis 16th

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16th IFIP Working Group 7.3 international Symposium on computer Performance modeling, measurement and Evaluation and acm SIGMETRICS conference on measurement and modeling of computer systems, 1993

作者： Trivedi, Kishor S. Ciardo, Gianfranco Malhotra, Manish Sahner, Robin A. Department of Electrical Engineering Duke University United States Department of Computer Science College of William and Mary United States AT and T Bell Laboratories HolmdelNJ07733 United States Urbana IL61801 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540572978

In this tutorial, we discuss several practical issues regarding specification and solution of dependability and performability models. We compare model types with and without rewards. Continuous-time Markov chains (CTMCs) are compared with (continuous-time) Markov reward models (MRMs) and generalized stochastic Petri nets (GSPNs) are compared with stochastic reward nets (SRNs). It is shown that reward-based models could lead to more concise model specification and solution of a variety of new measures. With respect to the solution of dependability and performability models, we identify three practical issues: largeness, stiffness, and non-exponentiality, and we discuss a variety of approaches to deal with them, including some of the latest research efforts. © 1993, Springer-Verlag. All rights reserved.

关键词： Specifications

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