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Conference on Unattended Ground sensor Technologies and applications ii

作者： Kostrzewa, J Aske, D Nishikubo, S Pruitt, G Sakamoto, C Smith, R Raytheon Elect Syst El Segundo CA 90245 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819436666

Raytheon Electronics systems, under contract from the DARPA advanced Technology Office, has designed, fabricated and delivered the Modular Miniature Integrated Sight ((MIS)-I-2). (MIS)-I-2 is a rifle-mounted system that integrates a high-performance multispectral sensor with an eyesafe laser rangefinder and a digital compass. A cooled 480 x 640 InSb focal plane array and multi-FOV reflective optics provide capability to acquire and identify targets at ranges of several kilometers. The LRF and compass facilitate hand-off to remote fire power. (MIS)-I-2 provides the soldier an integrated surveillance, targeting, and fire control system that consumes less than 6.5W and weighs less than 7.5 lbs. This paper describes measured performance and capabilities of the system.

关键词： IR sensor multi-spectral laser rangefinder rifle-mounted man-portable staring array

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Packaging MEM sensor arrays

Packaging MEM sensor arrays

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Symposium MM on Materials Science of Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) Devices ii held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting

作者： Marinis, TF Fulginiti, DA Clausen, HG Draper Lab Cambridge MA 01832 USA

ISBN: (纸本)1558995137

Many applications of MEM sensors require hermetic or high vacuum packaging of sensor clusters. For example, multiple gyroscopes or accelerometers are fabricated on a single chip to improve alignment and stability of input axes or increase the dynamic range of instruments. Chemical sensors are fabricated as large arrays to both improve selectivity and increase the number of species that can be detected. Still larger arrays of sensors must be packaged for hydrophone and bolometer imaging devices. All of these applications place a demanding combination of requirements on the sensor package. The electrical outputs of the sensor array must be well isolated from each other as well as power and excitation signals, while parasitic capacitance is minimized. The package must also be capable of being evacuated and sealed to achieve a pressure of 5 millitorr with a leakage rate below 10(-11) [Std cc sec(-1)]. Finally, the package must be compact and low cost to realize these same attributes of the MEM sensor. This paper describes a packaging approach that is based on low temperature cofired ceramic materials. This technology meets the packaging requirements of sensor arrays and is well suited to the research environment in which the sensor design is continually evolving.

关键词： Chemical sensors

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Opto-electronic Zernike filter for high-resolution wavefront analysis using a phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator

Opto-electronic Zernike filter for high-resolution wavefront...

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Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and applications ii

作者： Carhart, GW Vorontsov, MA Justh, EW USA Res Lab Intelligent Opt Lab Adelphi MD 20783 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819437697

An opto-electronic technique for high-resolution wave-front phase imaging is presented and demonstrated experimentally. The technique is analogous to the conventional Zernike phase-contrast approach, but uses modern spatial light modulator technology to increase robustness and improve performance. Because they provide direct measurements of wave-front phase (rather than wave-front slope measurements, as in Shack-Hartmann sensors), robust phase-contrast sensors have potential applications in high-speed, high-resolution adaptive optic systems. Advantages of the opto-electronic approach over alternative advanced phase-contrast techniques (such as a related phase-contrast sensor which uses a Liquid-crystal light valve exhibiting a Kerr-type optical response to perform Fourier filtering) are discussed. The SLM used for the experimental results is a 128x128-element pixilated phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator from Boulder Nonlinear systems, Inc.

关键词： wavefront sensor phase visualization Zernike filter phase contrast microscopy adaptive optics

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Technical overview of the UL3 ALPHA and OMEGA uncooled cameras

Technical overview of the UL3 ALPHA and OMEGA uncooled camer...

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Unattended Ground sensor Technologies and applications ii

作者： Heath, Jeffery L. Meyer, Bill Woolaway, James T. Parrish, William Lohrmann, D. Newsome, G. Inosecu, A. Monson, J. Rau, C. Howard, P. Li, C. Indigo Systems Corp Santa Barbara United States

Two camera systems based on the advanced 160 × 128 uncooled micro-bolometer FPAs are presented. The UL3 ALPHA is in production while the UL3 OMEGA is still in the design stage. Both camera architectures feature an approach that integrates the required system functions on application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) rather than including discrete components and microprocessors.

关键词： Cameras

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Development of an aeronautical Inmarsat D+ terminal

Development of an aeronautical Inmarsat D+ terminal

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Unattended Ground sensor Technologies and applications ii

作者： Jaynes, Timothy G. Naval Surface Warfare Cent Dahlgren United States

Inmarsat D+ service is a short messaging service that offers advantages allowing for a small transceiver design. SkyWave Mobile, Inc. was contracted to miniaturize their first generation D+ transceiver, the DMR-200, to produce a 20 cubic inch device. This device, designated the DMR-400, incorporates an Inmarsat D+ transceiver, GPS receiver, antennas, I/O lines, and advanced power management into a 14 cubic inch unit. The DMR-400 has received Inmarsat land-mobile certification and will soon enter an aeronautical approval phase packaged in a radome housing. The first step in the aeronautical certification phase was the design of a radome and mounting kit for external mounting on an aircraft fuselage. This housing also incorporates a heating element to extend the operational temperature range to -55°C. The assembled unit will soon begin DO-160 testing to be followed by Doppler correction testing, FAA flight-testing, and Inmarsat Aeronautical testing. The key to the entire process is the successful implementation of Doppler compensation based on the GPS data. The expectation is an FAA and Inmarsat aeronautical certified unit.

关键词： Satellite communication systems

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sensor-fused autonomous guidance of a mobile robot and applications to Mars Sample Return operations

Sensor-fused autonomous guidance of a mobile robot and appli...

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sensor Fusion and Decentralized Control in Robotic systems ii Conference

作者： Huntsberger, TL Baumgartner, ET Aghazarian, H Cheng, Y Schenker, PS Leger, PC Iagnemma, KD Dubowsky, S CALTECH Jet Prop Lab Sci & Technol Dev Sect Pasadena CA 91109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819434329

Generally, there are multiple sensor suites on existing rover platforms such as NASA's Sample Return Rover (SRR) and the Field Integrated Design and Operations (FIDO) rover at JPL. Traditionally, these sensor suites have been used in isolation for such tasks as planetary surface traversal. For example, although distant obstacle information is known from the narrow FOV navigation camera (NAVCAM) suite on SRR or FIDO, it is not explicitly used at this time for augmentation of the wide FOV hazard camera (HAZCAM) information for obstacle avoidance. This paper describes the development of advanced rover navigation techniques. These techniques include an algorithm for the generation of range maps using the fusion of information from the NAVCAMs and HAZCAMs, and an algorithm for registering range maps to an a priori model-based range map for relative rover position and orientation determination. Experimental results for each of these techniques are documented in this paper.

关键词： rover navigation state estimation map registration

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Surface-enhanced Raman sensor for trace chemical detection in water

Surface-enhanced Raman sensor for trace chemical detection i...

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Proceedings of the 1999 Chemical Microsensors and applications ii

作者： Lee, Yuan-Hsiang Farquharson, Stuart Advanced Fuel Research East Hartford United States

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) promises to be one of the most sensitive methods for chemical detection and in recent years SERS has been used for chemical, biochemical, environmental, and physiological applications. A variety of methods using various media (electrodes, colloids, and substrates) have been successfully developed to enhance Raman signals by six orders of magnitude and more. However, SERS has not become a routine analytical technique because these methods are unable to provide quantitative measurements. This is largely due to the inability to fabricate a sampling medium that provides reversible chemical adsorption, analysis-to-analysis reproducibility, unrestricted solution requirements (reagent concentration and pH) or sample phase (liquid or solid). In an effort to overcome these restrictions, we have developed metal-doped sol-gels to provide surface-enhancement of Raman scattering. The porous silica network offers a unique environment for stabilizing SER active metal particles and a high surface area for increasing the interaction between the analyte and metal particles. This eliminates the need to concentrate the analyte on the surface by evaporating the solvent. The sol-gel is easily coated on a variety of surfaces, such as fiber optics, glass slides, or glass tubing, and can be designed into sample flow systems. Here we present the development of silver-doped sol-gels that have been used to coat the inside walls of glass sample vials and flow tubes for trace chemical detection in water. The performance of the metal-doped sol-gels was evaluated using p-aminobenzoic acid. applications to environmental and physiological trace chemical analysis are presented.

关键词： Chemical sensors

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Chemical imaging:: ii.: Trends in practical multiparameter sensor systems

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sensorS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL 1998年第1-2期52卷 143-161页

作者： Weimar, U Göpel, W Univ Tubingen Inst Phys & Theoret Chem D-72076 Tubingen Germany

In most applications of chemical sensors today the original output of an individual sensor is monitored as one 'feature' (such as a certain current at a fixed potential of an electrochemical cell or a resistance of a metal oxide sensor). However, individual sensors and the determination of individual features show limited performance only for most practical applications. Often, arrays of many sensors and an extension of the feature space are required. In this context, a general trend is to be seen now towards more perfect 'chemical imaging': the final goal is a time and spatially resolved electronic recording of many individual chemical species, of toxicity, of odour impression etc. Part I of this paper dealt with the systematics of chemical imaging with sensor systems, i.e. with theoretical concepts to obtain a high-dimensional 'hyperspace of chemical features' and to deduce information from this space. This paper describes examples of already realised components of such sensor systems. They are used to increase the number of independent chemical sensor features as a prerequisite for advanced chemical imaging. The evident first strategy to produce independent features by the choice of different sensor-active materials has been treated in many reviews and is therefore not discussed here. The new practical approaches to produce features with corresponding prototype sensors presented in this overview are organised according to the following scheme: similar sensitive layers are investigated as coatings on different transducers, the same sensitive layer is investigated with a single transducer, recording occurs of different physical properties, and the same sensitive layer and transducer and the same physical property is recorded in different modes of sensor operation. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

关键词： chemical sensor systems multiparameter devices higher order chemical sensors feature extraction electronic noses modular approaches

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Design and development of the Smart Machine Vision sensor (SMVS)

Design and development of the Smart Machine Vision Sensor (S...

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EUROPTO Conference on advanced Focal Plane Arrays and Electronic Cameras ii

作者： Fischer, S Schibli, N Moscheni, F FASTCOM Technol SA Lausanne Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)0819428620

The Smart Machine Vision sensor (SMVS) is a self-contained low-cost machine vision system that combines an image sensor, a processing unit and communication interfaces in a single unit. This paper describes the design of the SMVS, the concept of the operating system and the application software. The main characteristics of the SMVS are (1) the absence of an analog video signal and (2) the modular design concept. The signal processing is performed with the processing unit and the output consists either of image analysis results or a compressed digital image data stream. The modular design allows for easy customization for applications that require different sensor technologies, resolutions and spectral sensitivities. The modular design is made possible by the development of a generic sensor-CPU interface. This interface can be used with either CCD or CMOS sensors with a resolution of 512x512 pixels. It eliminates the need to redesign the processor board with changing sensor requirements. The SMVS is smaller and cheaper than traditional image processing systems based on desktop personal computers. It uses full-frame, non-interlaced sensors with square pixels to provide an optimal image quality, avoiding the drawbacks of an analog, interlaced video signal with fixed frame rate.

关键词： DSP camera smart machine vision sensor machine vision CCD sensor CMOS sensor industrial inspection surveillance

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Motion camera based on a custom vision sensor and an FPGA architecture.

Motion camera based on a custom vision sensor and an FPGA ar...

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EUROPTO Conference on advanced Focal Plane Arrays and Electronic Cameras ii

作者： Arias-Estrada, M Univ Laval Comp Vis & Syst Lab Dept Elect & Comp Engn Quebec City PQ G1K 7P4 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819428620

A digital camera for custom focal plane arrays was developed. The camera allows the test and development of analog or mixed-mode arrays for focal plane processing. The camera is used with a custom sensor for motion detection to implement amotion computation system. The custom focal plane sensor detects moving edges at the pixel level using analog VLSI techniques. The sensor communicates motion events using the event-address protocol associated to a temporal reference. In a second stage, a coprocessing architecture based on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) computes the time-of-travel between adjacent pixels. The FPGA allows rapid prototyping and flexible architecture development. Furthermore, the FPGA interfaces the sensor to a compact PC computer (PC-104 standard) which is used for high level control and data communication to the local network. The camera could be used in applications such as self-guided vehicles, mobile robotics and smart surveillance systems. The programmability of the FPGA allows the exploration of further signal processing like spatial edge detection or image segmentation tasks. The article details the motion algorithm, the sensor architecture, the use of the event-address protocol for velocity vector computation and the FPGA architecture used in the motion camera system.

关键词： smart vision sensors focal plane arrays motion computation smart cameras computer vision cameras FPGA

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