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NInFEA: an embedded framework for the real-time evaluation of fetal ECG extraction algorithms

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-BIOMEDIZINISCHE TECHNIK 2013年第1期58卷 13-26页

作者： Pani, Danilo Barabino, Gianluca Raffo, Luigi Univ Cagliari Dept Elect & Elect Engn DIEE I-09123 Cagliari Italy

Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) extraction from non-invasive biopotential recordings is a long-standing research topic. Despite the significant number of algorithms presented in the scientific literature, it is difficult to find information about embedded hardware implementations able to provide real-time support for the required features, bridging the gap between theory and practice. This article presents the NInFEA (non-invasive fetal ECG analysis) tool, an embedded hardware/software framework based on the hybrid dual-core OMAP-L137 low-power processor for the real-time evaluation of fetal ECG extraction algorithms. The hybrid platform, including a digital signal processor (DSP) and a general-purpose processor (GPP), allows achieving the best performance compared with single-core architectures. The GPP provides a portable graphical user interface, whereas the DSP is extensively used for advanced signal processing tasks. As a case study, three state-of-the-art fetal ECG extraction algorithms have been ported onto NInFEA, along with some support routines needed to provide the additional information required by the clinicians and supported by the user interface. NInFEA can be regarded both as a reference design for similar applications and as a common embedded low-power testbed for real-time fetal ECG extraction algorithms.

关键词： biomedical signal processing DSP platforms non-invasive fetal ECG real-time processing

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INSTANTANEOUS FREQUENCY AND KERNEL REQUIREMENTS FOR DISCRETE TIME-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS

INSTANTANEOUS FREQUENCY AND KERNEL REQUIREMENTS FOR DISCRETE...

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CONF ON advanced signal-processing algorithms, architectures, AND implementations

作者： JEONG, JH CUNNINGHAM, GS WILLIAMS, WJ Univ. of Michigan (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819404098

In this paper we introduce a new definition for the instantaneous frequency of a discrete-time analytic signal. Unlike the existing definition which uses only two data samples around a particular time this method utilizes all the data samples for estimating the instantaneous frequency. We prove that this quantity is identical to the average frequency evaluated at the particular time in the discrete-time TFD. This property is consistent with the analogous continuous-time property. We also derive requirements on the discrete-time kernel needed to satisfy this property. Using computer-generated signals and real data performance comparisons are made between the proposed approach and the existing one.

关键词： Time-frequency analysis Data analysis signal analyzers Statistical analysis

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Image processing and low discrepancy sequences

Image processing and low discrepancy sequences

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Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations IX

作者： Nair, D Wenzel, L Natl Instruments Austin TX 78727 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819432938

It is well known that high-dimensional integrals can be solved with Monte Carlo algorithms. Recently, it was discovered that there is a relationship between low discrepancy sets and the efficient evaluation of higher-dimensional integrals. Theory suggests that for midsize dimensional problems, algorithms based on low discrepancy sets should out perform all other existing methods by an order of magnitude in terms of the number of sample points used to evaluate the integrals. We show that the field of image processing can potentially take advantage of specific properties of low discrepancy sets. To illustrate this, we applied the theory of low discrepancy sequences to some relatively simple image processing and computer vision related operations such as the estimation of gray level image statistics, fast location of objects in a binary image and the reconstruction of images from a sparse set of points. Our experiments show that compared to standard methods, the proposed new algorithms are faster and statistically more robust. Classical low discrepancy sets based on the Halton and Sobol' sequences were investigated thoroughly and showed promising results. The use of low discrepancy sequences in image processing for image characterization, understanding and object recognition is a novel and promising area for further investigation.

关键词： sampling random sampling low-discrepancy sequences image statistics image reconstruction

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advanced Baseband processing algorithms, Circuits, and implementations for 5G Communication

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IEEE JOURNAL ON EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2017年第4期7卷 477-490页

作者： Zhang, Chuan Huang, Yuan-Hao Sheikh, Farhana Wang, Zhongfeng Southeast Univ Natl Mobile Commun Res Lab Nanjing 210096 Jiangsu Peoples R China Natl Tsing Hua Univ Dept Elect Engn Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Natl Tsing Hua Univ Inst Commun Engn Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Intel Corp Circuit Res Lab Intel Labs Hillsboro OR 97124 USA Nanjing Univ Sch Elect Sci & Engn Nanjing 210046 Jiangsu Peoples R China

The rapid emergence of 5G communications technology and standardization has seen an accelerated transfer of theoretical concepts to advanced development and implementation. Not only are 5G baseband signal processing algorithms becoming more important, but also the co-design and implementation of corresponding circuits, architectures, and platforms are becoming necessary due to rapid standardization of 5G communications. This timely overview paper introduces circuits and systems (CAS) for key enabling technologies for the new 5G era: massive MIMO, mmWave baseband systems, NOMA schemes, advanced channel coding, and so on. The state-of-the-art research progress in these areas is summarized for interested readers to initiate discussion on limitations of existing solutions and open research problems that are looking for innovative solutions, especially in the CAS area. We hope this paper can bridge the gap between the theoretical investigation and application implementation for 5G communications.

关键词： 5G baseband implementations massive MIMO mmWave precoder non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) schemes channel decoders

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IMPLEMENTING THE VITERBI ALGORITHM ON GENERAL-PURPOSE PARALLEL COMPUTERS

IMPLEMENTING THE VITERBI ALGORITHM ON GENERAL-PURPOSE PARALL...

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CONF ON advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, AND implementations 3

作者： ALSTON, MD CHAU, PM CHEUNG, KM Univ. of California/San Diego (United States) Jet Propulsion Lab. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)081940943X

The Viterbi algorithm (VA) for decoding convolutionally encoded data has historically been implemented on special-purpose digital electronic hardware. For short/moderate (K equals 3 to 9) constraint length codes, a primary design goal is to maximize the decoded bit rate while minimizing circuit area. In recent years, a number of special-purpose architectures based upon shuffle-exchange networks, cube-connected cycles, ring-based networks, systolic arrays, or programmable processors have been designed for efficient implementation of the VA at these and longer constraint lengths. However, at the same time, the performance:cost ratio of high- end general-purpose computing machines has been improving dramatically. Recognizing the substantial investment in time and resources required to design and build an ASIC-based decoder for long (K equals 10 to 15) constraint length codes, the feasibility of implementation of the VA as a background process on a readily available general-purpose parallel processing machine deserves exploration. We consider the limitations and benefits of a Viterbi decoder for long constraint length codes implemented in software on a general-purpose parallel processing machine.

关键词： Computing systems Parallel processing Binary data Telecommunications Computer programming Forward error correction Network architectures Parallel computing signal processing Very large scale integration

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Spatial polarimetric time-frequency distributions and applications to direction-of-arrival estimation

Spatial polarimetric time-frequency distributions and applic...

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Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms architectures and implementations XiiI

作者： Zhang, YM Amin, MG Obeidat, BA Villanova Univ Ctr Adv Commun Villanova PA 19085 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819450782

Time-frequency distributions (TFDs) have evolved to be a powerful technique for nonstationary signal analysis and synthesis. With the use of a multi-sensor array, spatial time-frequency distributions (STFDs) have been developed and successfully applied to high-resolution direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation and blind recovery of the source waveforms. In this paper, the polarimetric dimension is introduced to the STFDs resulting in the spatial polarimetric time-frequency distributions (SPTFDs) as a platform for the processing of non-stationary polarized signals. In the SPTFD platform, polarized signals are decomposed (projected) into two orthogonal polarization components, such as horizontal and vertical, and later processed in a manner where their polarization characteristics are exploited. This empowers the STFDs with additional degrees of freedom and improves the robustness of the signal and noise subspaces, and therefore, serving to enhance DOA estimation, signal recovery, and source separation performance. To demonstrate the advantages of the SPTFDs, the polarimetric time-frequency MUSIC (PTF-MUSIC) method for DOA estimation is proposed based on the SPTFD platform and is shown to outperform the time-frequency, polarimetric, and conventional MUSIC methods.

关键词： time-frequency distributions array signal processing polarization smart antennas MUSIC

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Performance of space-frequency codes for MIMO OFDM systems

Performance of space-frequency codes for MIMO OFDM systems

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Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms architectures and implementations XiiI

作者： Wang, JB Yao, K Univ Calif Los Angeles Dept Elect Engn Los Angeles CA 90095 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819450782

Concatenation of space-time (ST) coding with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) has gained much interest recently. In this work, we derive the exact pairwise error probability (PEP) of space-frequency (SF) codes for MIMO OFDM Systems. Based on the exact PEP, we derive the tighter upper and lower bounds for the PEP. For asymptotically high SNRs, the design criteria for SF codes differ significantly from those for ST codes over flat fading channels. In this paper, by drawing an analogy between SF and ST codes, we show that when the number of receive antennas is large, the minimum Euclidean distance among code words dominates the performance of SF codes. Therefore, SF codes can be optimized by using the Euclidean-distance criterion valid for AWGN channels. Simulation results are given to show that the results valid for a number of receive antennas tending to infinity still provide correct indications when the number of antennas is small.

关键词： Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing Antennas Modulation Lutetium signal to noise ratio Computer simulations Demodulation signal processing

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Performance of coherent adaptation algorithms for the WCDMA smart antenna system in Rayleigh flat-fading channel

Performance of coherent adaptation algorithms for the WCDMA ...

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Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations XI

作者： Kong, DG Lee, K Chun, J Choi, P Yun, JC Lee, SJ Lee, JH Samsung Adv Inst Technol Human Comp Interact Lab Suwon South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)0819441880

Coherent adaptation algorithms are proposed for a beamformer in the WCDMA reverse link. The coherent adaptation algorithm improves the convergence speed by constraining the desired signal component of the filtered output to be always coherent in phase with the reference signal at each iteration. With the coherent constraint, the performance of coherent methods is significantly improved. We present the simulation results that show the various desirable characteristics of coherent methods such as a fast convergence speed. insensitiveness to fading parameters over conventional methods.

关键词： coherent adaptation algorithm smart antenna WCDMA array signal processing

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Approximation by structured lower rank matrices

Approximation by structured lower rank matrices

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SPIE Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations ViiI

作者： Chu, MT Funderlic, RE Plemmons, RJ N Carolina State Univ Dept Math Raleigh NC 27695 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819429163

We consider two general procedures for constructing the nearest approximation of a given matrix by one with any lower rank and any linear structure. Nearness can be measured in any matrix norm. Structured low rank matrices arise in various applications, including image enhancement and model reduction. In practice, the empirical data collected in the matrix often either do not maintain the specified structure or do not induce the desirable rank. It is an important task to search for the nearest structured lower rank approximation of a given matrix. The techniques developed in this paper can easily be implemented for numerical computation. In particular, it is shown that the computations can be approached using efficient optimization packages. The special case of Toeplitz structure using the Frobenius matrix norm is discussed in detail to illustrate the ideas, and numerical tests are reported. The procedures developed herein can be generalized to consider a much broader range of approximation problems.

关键词： Matrices signal processing MATLAB Optimization (mathematics) Image enhancement Computer programming Computer science Fourier transforms Image processing Mathematics

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VHDL token-based performance modeling for 2D and 3D infrared search and track processing

VHDL token-based performance modeling for 2D and 3D infrared...

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SPIE Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations ViiI

作者： Pauer, EK Pettigrew, MN Myers, CS Madisetti, VK Signal Proc Ctr Nashua NH 03061 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819429163

This study develops and evaluates a new VHDL-based performance modeling capability for multiprocessor systems.* The framework for this methodology involved modeling the following system aspects: processor characterization, task modeling, network characterization, and data set size. Initially, all aspects are specified at an abstract) level, and eventually become specified at a detailed level through the process of verification and refinement of design assumptions. Processor characterization involves modeling the processor's speed, instruction set, and memory hierarchy. Task modeling is concerned with the execution time and instruction mix of software tasks within the system. Network characterization models bus protocols, topology, and bandwidths. Data set size refers to how much data is represented by the tokens used in the models. In this study, we applied and evaluated this methodology using both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) infrared search and track (IRST) algorithms. Two different candidate processors were investigated: IBM PowerPC 604 and Texas Instruments TMS320C80. For the 2D IRST algorithm, the abstract and detailed performance modeling results were obtained far both processors using partitioned data and pipelined algorithmic approaches. For the 3D IRST algorithm, abstract performance models for pipelined and parallelized implementations on the PowerPC were developed. These models examined the feasibility of the implementations, the potential risk areas, and laid the groundwork for detailed performance modeling.

关键词： performance modeling VHDL IRST architectures simulation

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