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共 465 条记录，以下是261-270 订阅

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APPLICATIONS OF TIME-FREQUENCY AND TIME-SCALE TRANSFORMS TO ULTRA-WIDE-BAND RADAR TRANSIENT signal-DETECTION 4

APPLICATIONS OF TIME-FREQUENCY AND TIME-SCALE TRANSFORMS TO ...

引用

4TH CONF ON advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, AND implementations

作者： FARGUES, MP BROOKS, WA Naval Postgraduate School (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412767

In this paper we use a non-stationary approach and analyze ultra-wideband (UWB) radar data using time-frequency and time-scale transformations. The time-frequency transformations considered are the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), the Wigner-Ville Distribution (WD), the Instantaneous Power Spectrum (IPS), and the ZAM transform. Two discrete implementations of the Wavelet Transform (DWT) are also investigated: the decimated A- trous algorithm proposed by Holschneider et al, which uses non-orthogonal wavelets; and the Mallat algorithm, which employs orthogonal wavelets. The transients under study are UWB radar returns from a boat (with and without corner reflector) in the presence of sea clutter, multipath, and radio frequency interferences (RFI). Results show that all time-frequency and time-scale transforms clearly detect the transient radar returns corresponding to the boat with a corner reflector. However, as the radar cross section of the target decreases (boat without a corner reflector), results change drastically as the RFI component dominates the signal. Simulations show that the Instantaneous Power Spectrum may be better adapted for localizing the transient among the time-frequency techniques studied. The decimated A-trous algorithm has the best time resolution of the techniques studied as the return appears better localized in the scalogram.

关键词： Time-frequency analysis Transform theory Radar Wavelets Reflectors Electromagnetic coupling UWB radar Discrete wavelet transforms Digital filtering signal detection

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Regularization of ill-posed problems using (symmetric) Cauchy-like preconditioners

Regularization of ill-posed problems using (symmetric) Cauch...

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SPIE Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations ViiI

作者： Kilmer, ME Northeastern Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Boston MA 02115 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819429163

In certain applications, the discretization of two-dimensional integral equations can lead to systems involving matrices with block Toeplitz-Toeplitz block structure. Iterative Krylov subspace methods are sometimes employed to find regularized solutions to the related 2D discrete ill-posed problems;however, preconditioners which filter noise are needed to speed convergence to regularized solutions. We describe a preconditioning technique based on the Toeplitz-type structure of the matrix which generalizes the approaches in [1] and [2] to take advantage of symmetry and real arithmetic operations. We use fast sine transforms to transform the original system to a system whose matrix has partially reconstructible Cauchy-like blocks. The preconditioner is a block diagonal, rank m approximation to this matrix, with Cauchy-like blocks each augmented by an identity of appropriate dimension. We note that the initialization cost is in general less than that for the similar 2D preconditioner in [2] which does not take advantage of symmetry. Several examples are given which illustrate the success of our preconditioned methods.

关键词： regularization Toeplitz Cauchy-like minimal residual image processing deblurring

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Array processing based on the polarization diversity : the example of a ionospheric radio link

Array processing based on the polarization diversity : the e...

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Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations XIV

作者： Ehrel, YM Perrine, C Lemur, D Bourdillon, A Ctr Rech Ecoles Coetquidan F-56381 Guer France Univ Rennes 1 Inst Elect & Telecommun F-35042 Rennes France

ISBN: (纸本)0819454974

The aim of this paper is to present a high data rate transmission system through the ionospheric channel in the HF band (3-30 MHz). The applications expected in this study are image transmission and real-time videoconferencing. Very high rates are required compared to the standard modems (4.8 kbits/s). Therefore. an array processing performs in the multi channel receiving system. Its main originality stands in the development of a compact device of collocated antennas. the spatial responses of which are different one from each other. Besides. synchronization (Zero Crossing Detector) and spatio temporal equalization (L.M.S. algorithm) as well resort to classical and well-tested techniques involving training sequences. An experimental radio link has been under test with a range of 800 km. The corresponding results underlines the improvement of the bit transfer rate which reaches 20 kbits/s (QAM 16 in a 6 kHz bandwidth) or 30 kbits/s (QAM 16 in a 9 kHz bandwidth). Several transmitted images are presented and appear quite consistent with the original..

关键词： ionosphere collocated antennas spatio temporal equalization image compression

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Generalized causal moving average (GCMA) smoothing filter for real-time applications

Generalized causal moving average (GCMA) smoothing filter fo...

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Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms architectures and implementations XiiI

作者： Rajagopalan, R Pratt & Whitney Control & Diagnost Syst Propul Syst Anal E Hartford CT 06108 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819450782

Moving average filters are commonly used in industries for real-time processing of noisy data. Though they perform well in filtering out the noise, they introduce significant lag in the signal. The resulting peak value of the filtered signal at the operating point is likely to be lower due to averaging of higher and lower peak signals in the averaging interval. The generalized moving average smoothing filter by Golay-Savitzky preserves the higher moments and does not suffer from the limitations imposed by the conventional moving average filter. The smoothing strategy is derived from least squares fitting of a lower order polynomial to a number of consecutive points. Due to polynomial curve fitting as opposed to a line fitting in the case of conventional moving average filter, this filter preserves the higher frequency components of the signal and their line width. This paper presents a generalized causal moving average filter deduced using the concepts in Golay-Savitzky smoothing filter for real-time applications. Golay-Savitzky filter is non-causal, relies on the future data that is not available, hence not suitable for real-time applications. Further, the designed causal filter makes use of the filtered data as opposed to the original data in the case of Golay-Savitzky. This approach allows us to conduct frequency response studies to evaluate the quality and the applicability of the filter for various signals in the aircraft engines and other engineering applications. Frequency response studies cannot carried out using the Golay-Savitzky filter. This paper also investigates the performance of various polynomial orders in-reproducing the signal from a noisy data. Some of the performance measures used are bandwidth, overshoots, and lags introduced by the filter. The mathematical technique to extract the signal and deduce the coefficients in off-line is also presented.

关键词： Filtering (signal processing) Electronic filtering signal processing Smoothing Interference (communication) Control systems Digital signal processing Data processing Electromagnetic coupling Nonlinear filtering

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High-performance signal and image processing for remote sensing using reconfigurable computers

High-performance signal and image processing for remote sens...

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Proceedings of the 1999 advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations IX

作者： Caffrey, Michael Szymanski, J.J. Begtrup, A. Layne, J. Nelson, T. Robinson, S. Salazar, A. Theiler, J. Los Alamos Natl Lab Los Alamos United States

It is not uncommon for remote sensing systems to produce in excess of 100 Mbytes/sec. Los Alamos National Laboratory designed a reconfigurable computer to tackle the signal and image processing challenges of high bandwidth sensors. Reconfigurable computing, based on field programmable gate arrays, offers ten to one hundred times the performance of traditional microprocessors for certain algorithms. This paper discusses the architecture of the computer and the source of performance gains, as well as an example application. The calculation of multiple matched filters applied to multispectral imagery, showing a performance advantage of forty-five over Pentium ii (450 MHz), is presented as an exemplar of algorithms appropriate for this technology.

关键词： Image processing

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Convolution theorems: partitioning the space of integral transforms: ii

Convolution theorems: partitioning the space of integral tra...

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Proceedings of the 1999 advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations IX

作者： Suter, Bruce W. Lindsey, Alan R. Air Force Research Lab Rome United States

Investigating a number of different integral transforms uncovers distinct patterns in the type of scale-based convolution theorems afforded by each. It is shown that scaling convolutions behave in quite a similar fashion to translational convolution in the transform domain, such that the many diverse transforms have only a few different forms for convolution theorems. The hypothesis is put forth that the space of integral transforms is partitionable based on these forms.

关键词： signal processing

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PIPELINED IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGH-SPEED STAR-RLS ADAPTIVE FILTERS 4

PIPELINED IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGH-SPEED STAR-RLS ADAPTIVE FIL...

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4TH CONF ON advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, AND implementations

作者： RAGHUNATH, KJ PARHI, KK Univ. of Minnesota/Twin Cities (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412767

The popular QR decomposition based recursive least-squares (RLS) adaptive filtering algorithm (referred to as QRD-RLS) has a limited speed of operation depending on the processing time of each individual cell. A new scaled tangent rotation based STAR-RLS algorithm has been designed which is suitable for fine-grain pipelining and also has a lower complexity. The inter-cell communication is also reduced by about half. A direct application of look-ahead to STAR-RLS can still lead to some increase in hardware. In this paper look- ahead is applied using delayed update operations such that the complexity is reduced while maintaining a fast convergence. The pipelined STAR-RLS (or PSTAR-RLS) algorithm requires the same number of operations (multiplications or divisions) as the serial STAR-RLS algorithm. Practical issues related to the STAR-RLS algorithm such as numerical stability and dynamic range are also examined.

关键词： Digital filtering Algorithm development Error analysis Stars Tantalum Very large scale integration Data modeling Image processing Numerical stability Thulium

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General approach for obtaining joint representations in signal analysis and an application to scale

General approach for obtaining joint representations in sign...

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advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations ii

作者： Cohen, Leon Hunter Coll. and Graduate Cent./CUNY Bronx NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819406945

A general approach for obtaining joint representations in signal analysis is presented. The method is applied to scale representations. We define a new scale operator and show that it leads to joint representations of the Altes and Marinovic type and we also define joint representations with inverse frequency and show that it leads to Bertrand-Bertrand type distributions. We derive the uncertainty principle for scale and obtain the minimum time-scale uncertainty signal.

关键词： signal Theory

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Optimal and suboptimal detection of Gaussian signals in noise: Asymptotic relative efficiency

Optimal and suboptimal detection of Gaussian signals in nois...

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advanced signal processing algorithms, architectures, and implementations XV

作者： Sung, Youngchul Tong, Lang Poor, H. Vincent School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY 14850 Dept. of Electrical Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544

The performance of Bayesian detection of Gaussian signals using noisy observations is investigated via the error exponent for the average error probability. Under unknown signal correlation structure or limited processing capability it;is reasonable to use the simple quadratic detector that is optimal in the case of an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) signal. Using the large deviations principle, the performance of this detector (which is suboptimal for non-i.i.d. signals) is compared with that of the optimal detector for correlated signals via the asymptotic relative efficiency defined as the ratio between sample sizes of two detectors required for the same performance in the large-sample-size regime. The effects of SNR on the ARE are investigated. It is shown that the asymptotic efficiency of the simple quadratic detector relative to the optimal detector converges to one as the SNR increases without bound for any bounded spectrum, and that the simple quadratic detector performs as well as the optimal detector for a wide range of the correlation values at high SNR.

关键词： signal processing

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Scale and translation invariant shape and signal classification and detection

Scale and translation invariant shape and signal classificat...

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Conference on advanced signal processing algorithms architectures and implementations XiiI

作者： Williams, WJ Univ Michigan Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819450782

Highly sophisticated methods for detection and classification of signals and images are available. However, most of these methods are not robust to nonstationary variations such as imposed by Doppler effects or other forms of warping. Fourier methods handle time-shift or frequency shift variations in signals or spatial shifts in images. A number of methods have been developed to overcome these problems. In this paper we discuss some specific approaches that have been motivated by time-frequency analysis. Methodologies developed for images can often be profitably used for fime-frequency analysis as well, since these representations are essentially images. The scale transform introduced by Cohen can join Fourier transforms in providing robust representations. Scale changes are common in many signal and image scenarios. We call the representation which results from appropriate transformations of the object of interest the Scale and Translation Invariant Representation or STIR. The STIR method is summarized and results from machine diagnosis, radar, marine mammal sounds, TMJ sounds, speech and word spotting are discussed. Some of the limitations and variations of the method are discussed to provide a rationale for selection of particular elements of the method.

关键词： time-frequency analysis scale transforms pattern recognition radar machine monitoring biometrics word spotting target identification

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