In this paper, we use the concept of evolutionary spectrum to solve key problems in array processing. We present Cross-power Evolutionary Periodogram for direction finding and blind separation of nonstationary signals...
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In this paper, we use the concept of evolutionary spectrum to solve key problems in array processing. We present Cross-power Evolutionary Periodogram for direction finding and blind separation of nonstationary signals. We model nonstationary signals received by each sensor in the array as a sum of complex sinusoids with time-varying amplitudes. These amplitudes carry information about the direction of arrival which may also be time-varying. We first estimate the time-varying amplitudes, then use the results for the estimation of evolutionary cross-power distributions of the sensor data. Next, using cross-power estimates at time-frequency samples of interest, we estimate the directions of arrival using one of the existing high resolution direction finding methods. If the directions are time-varying, we select time-frequency points around the time of interest. By carrying out the estimation at different times, we obtain the directions as a function of time. If the sources are stationary, then we can use all time-frequency points of interest for the estimation of fixed directions. We also use whitening and subspace methods to find the mixing matrix and separate the signals received by the array. Simulation examples illustrating the performances of the proposed algorithms are presented.
This paper describes a scheduling method for hard real-time Digital signalprocessing (DSP) applications, implemented on a multi-processor. Due to the very high operating frequencies of DSP applications (typically hun...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819416207
This paper describes a scheduling method for hard real-time Digital signalprocessing (DSP) applications, implemented on a multi-processor. Due to the very high operating frequencies of DSP applications (typically hundreds of kHz) runtime overhead should be kept as small as possible. Because static scheduling introduces very little run-time overhead it is used as much as possible. Dynamic pre-emption of tasks is allowed if and only if it leads to better performance in spite of the extra run-time overhead. We essentially combine static scheduling with dynamic pre-emption using static priorities. Since we are dealing with hard real-time applications we must be able to guarantee at compile-time that all timing requirements will be satisfied at run-time. We will show that our method performs at least as good as any static scheduling method. It also reduces the total amount of dynamic pre-emptions compared with run time methods like deadline monotonic scheduling.
The research work reported in this paper is concerned with the use of higher order spectral estimation techniques as a means to deriving the parameters of 2D autoregressive (AR) models. Image analysis is examined from...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819416207
The research work reported in this paper is concerned with the use of higher order spectral estimation techniques as a means to deriving the parameters of 2D autoregressive (AR) models. Image analysis is examined from a higher order statistical perspective and in the context of noise. The objective is to develop analysis techniques through which robust autoregressive parameter estimation is accomplished. The approach taken involves the use of 2D AR models derive from third order cumulants. The directionality of the cumulant space influences the AR parameter estimation in a decisive manner. The specific application of the developed methods is in mammography, an area in which it is very difficult to discern the appropriate features. The results show significant discriminating gains through such techniques.
This paper examines the problem of instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation for Frequency Modulated (FM) signals imbedded in white Gaussian noise. It reviews currently available techniques, and in addition, proposes so...
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This paper examines the problem of instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation for Frequency Modulated (FM) signals imbedded in white Gaussian noise. It reviews currently available techniques, and in addition, proposes some new ones, based on a modelling of the signal phase as a polynomial. Both linear least-squares techniques and Maximum Likelihood (ML) techniques are investigated for estimating the polynomial coefficients. It is seen that the linear least squares approach is efficient (i.e. unbiased and meets the Cramer-Rao bounds) for high SNR, while the ML scheme is efficient for a much larger range of SNR. Theoretical lower variance bounds are given for estimating the polynomial coefficients and are compared with the results of simulations. Guidelines are given as to which estimation method should be used for a given signal class and signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) level.
This paper presents a generalized parametric estimator for the directions of arrival (DOA) of wide-band signals. This estimator is derived by extenting the geometrical explanation of the ML estimator of narrow-band si...
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This paper presents a generalized parametric estimator for the directions of arrival (DOA) of wide-band signals. This estimator is derived by extenting the geometrical explanation of the ML estimator of narrow-band signals to the focussed correlation matrix. The consistency of the estimator for estimating DOA has been proved. This estimator can be considered as a coherent signalprocessing method by which the computation complexity can be reduced approximately by the number of the frequency bins. We have also shown that under certain condition the proposed estimator is equivalent to the ML estimator derived by applying the likelihood principle on the Fourier coefficients of each frequency bin. Such an equivalence implies that the MLE has some inherent advantages from the perspective of improving performance and that the focussing techniques are not necessary for the ML estimator.
Imaging plays a key role in many diverse areas of application, such as astronomy, remote sensing, microscopy, and tomography. Owing to imperfections of measuring devices (e.g., optical degradations, limited size of se...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819472946
Imaging plays a key role in many diverse areas of application, such as astronomy, remote sensing, microscopy, and tomography. Owing to imperfections of measuring devices (e.g., optical degradations, limited size of sensors) and instability of the observed scene (e.g., object motion, media turbulence), acquired images can be indistinct, noisy, and may, exhibit insufficient spatial and temporal resolution. In particular, several external effects blur images. Techniques for recovering the original image include blind deconvolution (to remove blur) and superresolution (SR). The stability of these methods depends on having more than one image of the same frame. Differences between images are necessary to provide new information, but they can be almost unperceivable. State-of-the-art SR techniques achieve remarkable results in resolution enhancement by estimating the subpixel shifts between images, but they lack any apparatus for calculating the blurs. In this paper, after introducing a review of current SR, techniques we describe two recently developed SR methods by the authors. First, we introduce a variational method that minimizes a regularized energy function with respect to the high resolution image and blurs. In this way we establish a unifying way to simultaneously estimate the blurs and the high resolution image. By estimating blurs we automatically estimate shifts with subpixel accuracy, which is inherent for good SR performance. Second, an innovative learning-based algorithm using a neural architecture for SR is described. Comparative experiments on real data illustrate the robustness and utilization of both methods.
The Fourier-Mellin transform (FMT) of an input function is defined as and is the magnitude squared of the Mellin transform of the magnitude squared of the Fourier transform of the input function. As such, the FMT is u...
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The Fourier-Mellin transform (FMT) of an input function is defined as and is the magnitude squared of the Mellin transform of the magnitude squared of the Fourier transform of the input function. As such, the FMT is unchanged by translations and dilations of the input function. While the FMT has found applications in optical pattern recognition, ship classification by sonar and radar, and image processing, only cursory attention has been paid to the truncation error incurred by using a finite number of samples of the input function. This paper establishes truncation bounds for computing the FMT for band-limited functions from a finite number of samples of the input function. These bounds naturally suggest an implementation of the FMT by the method of direct expansions. This approach readily generalizes to a direct expansion for the Wigner-Ville distribution and the Q distribution.
Effective signal detection and feature extraction in noisy environments generally depend on exploiting some knowledge of the signal. When the signal is exactly known, the matched filter is the optimum signal processin...
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Effective signal detection and feature extraction in noisy environments generally depend on exploiting some knowledge of the signal. When the signal is exactly known, the matched filter is the optimum signalprocessing strategy. Other signalprocessing strategies succeed when the signal detail is but partially known. The short-time Fourier transform and the Gabor transform are two methods that exploit signal envelope information. The former is a well known and widely used representation which is important in many fields. The related but distinct Gabor transform has been less frequently used, but has features absent in Fourier analysis. This paper compares the two transforms and makes the case that the Gabor representation can often be the more compact, and may require substantially less computation and storage in some applications. There is a sense in which the Gabor achieves a preferential trade of signal-to-noise ratio for resolution, and because of this, one can also expect better signal recognition and feature reconstructions from the Gabor transform in the presence of noise.
Interactions among spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOEs), which are narrow-band signals emitted by the cochlea, include the cubic difference tone (CDT) that occurs at frequency 2f 1 - f2 due to the nonlinear coupli...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819416207
Interactions among spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOEs), which are narrow-band signals emitted by the cochlea, include the cubic difference tone (CDT) that occurs at frequency 2f 1 - f2 due to the nonlinear coupling of primary SOEs at f1 and f2. We show that appropriately defined trispectra and tricoherence may be used to detect the CDTs. OAE signals are also characterized by temporal variations in the amplitudes and frequencies;this leads to polynomial phase models, and multiplicative noise processes;we give closed-form expressions for the large sample CRLB for the parameters of the resulting model. We also consider cyclic approaches, and we compare polyperiodogram and periodogram based approaches for the detection of arbitrary frequency coupling laws. Some of the techniques are validated against real data.
This paper describes the application of the theory of projections onto convex sets to time-frequency filtering and synthesis problems. We show that the class of Wigner-Ville Distributions (WVD) of L2 signals form the ...
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This paper describes the application of the theory of projections onto convex sets to time-frequency filtering and synthesis problems. We show that the class of Wigner-Ville Distributions (WVD) of L2 signals form the boundary of a closed convex subset of L2(R2). This result is obtained by considering the convex set of states on the Heisenberg group, of which the ambiguity functions form the extreme points. The form of the projection onto the set of WVDs is deduced. Various linear and non-linear filtering operations are incorporated by formulation as convex projections. An example algorithm for simultaneous time-frequency filtering and synthesis is suggested.
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