We propose a new projection -based algorithm for estimating the angles of arrival of plane waves incident onto arrays of sensors. The method is based on a single QR decomposition of the signal covariance matrix;hence,...
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Measurement of EEG event-related potential (ERP) data has been most commonly undertaken in the time-domain, which can be complicated to interpret when separable activity overlaps in time. When the overlapping activity...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819472946
Measurement of EEG event-related potential (ERP) data has been most commonly undertaken in the time-domain, which can be complicated to interpret when separable activity overlaps in time. When the overlapping activity has distinct frequency characteristics, however, time-frequency (TF) signalprocessing techniques can be useful. The current report utilized ERP data from a cognitive task producing typical feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P300 ERP components which overlap in time. TF transforms were computed using the binomial reduced interference distribution (RID), and the resulting TF activity was then characterized using principal components analysis (PCA). Consistent with previous work, results indicate that the FRN was more related to theta activity (3-7 Hz) and P300 more to delta activity (below 3 Hz). At the same time, both time-domain measures were shown to be mixtures of TF theta and delta activity, highlighting the difficulties with overlapping activity. The TF theta and delta measures, on the other hand, were largely independent from each other, but also independently indexed the feedback stimulus parameters investigated. Results support the view that TF decomposition can greatly improve separation of overlapping EEG/ERP activity relevant to cognitive models of performance monitoring.
Speech is metered if the stresses occur at a nearly regular rate. Metered speech is common in poetry, and it can occur naturally in speech, if the speaker is spelling a word or reciting words or numbers from a list. I...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819445584
Speech is metered if the stresses occur at a nearly regular rate. Metered speech is common in poetry, and it can occur naturally in speech, if the speaker is spelling a word or reciting words or numbers from a list. In radio communications, the CQ request, call sign and other codes are frequently metered. In tactical communications and air traffic control, location, heading and identification codes may be metered. Moreover metering may be expected to survive even in HF communications, which are corrupted by noise, interference and mistuning. For this environment, speech recognition and conventional machine-based methods are not effective. We describe Time-Frequency methods which have been adapted successfully to the problem of mitigation of HF signal conditions and detection of metered speech. These methods are based on modeled time and frequency correlation properties of nearly harmonic functions. We derive these properties and demonstrate a performance gain over conventional correlation and spectral methods. Finally, in addressing the problem of HF single sideband (SSB) communications, the problems of carrier mistuning, interfering signals, such as manual Morse, and fast automatic gain control (AGC) must be addressed. We demonstrate simple methods which may be used to blindly mitigate mistuning and narrowband interference, and effectively invert the fast automatic gain function.
Investigating a number of different integral transforms uncovers distinct patterns in the type of scale-based convolution theorems afforded by each. It is shown that scaling convolutions behave in quite a similar fash...
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Investigating a number of different integral transforms uncovers distinct patterns in the type of scale-based convolution theorems afforded by each. It is shown that scaling convolutions behave in quite a similar fashion to translational convolution in the transform domain, such that the many diverse transforms have only a few different forms for convolution theorems. The hypothesis is put forth that the space of integral transforms is partitionable based on these forms.
Fault tolerance is increasingly important as society has come to depend on computers for more and more aspects of daily life. The current concern about the Y2K problems indicates just how we much we depend on accurate...
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Fault tolerance is increasingly important as society has come to depend on computers for more and more aspects of daily life. The current concern about the Y2K problems indicates just how we much we depend on accurate computers. This paper describes work on time-shared TMR, a technique which is used to provide arithmetic operations that produce correct results in spite of circuit faults.
A general approach for obtaining joint representations in signal analysis is presented. The method is applied to scale representations. We define a new scale operator and show that it leads to joint representations of...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819406945
A general approach for obtaining joint representations in signal analysis is presented. The method is applied to scale representations. We define a new scale operator and show that it leads to joint representations of the Altes and Marinovic type and we also define joint representations with inverse frequency and show that it leads to Bertrand-Bertrand type distributions. We derive the uncertainty principle for scale and obtain the minimum time-scale uncertainty signal.
The next generation radar systems have high performance demands on the signalprocessing chain. Examples include the advanced image creating sensor systems in which complex calculations are to be performed on huge set...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769551173
The next generation radar systems have high performance demands on the signalprocessing chain. Examples include the advanced image creating sensor systems in which complex calculations are to be performed on huge sets of data in real time. Manycore architectures are gaining attention as a means to overcome the computational requirements of the complex radar signalprocessing by exploiting massive parallelism inherent in the algorithms in an energy efficient manner. In this paper, we evaluate a manycore architecture, namely a 16-core Epiphany processor, by implementing two significantly large case studies, viz. an autofocus criterion calculation and the fast factorized back-projection algorithm, both key components in modern synthetic aperture radar systems. The implementation results from the two case studies are compared on the basis of achieved performance and programmability. One of the Epiphany implementations demonstrates the usefulness of the architecture for the streaming based algorithm (the autofocus criterion calculation) by achieving a speedup of 8.9x over a sequential implementation on a state-of-the-art general-purpose processor of a later silicon technology generation and operating at a 2.7x higher clock speed. On the other case study, a highly memory-intensive algorithm (fast factorized backprojection), the Epiphany architecture shows a speedup of 4.25x. For embedded signalprocessing, low power dissipation is equally important as computational performance. In our case studies, the Epiphany implementations of the two algorithms are, respectively, 78x and 38x more energy efficient.
Much research has focused on estimating the parameters of a sum of exponentially damped sinusoids. In some applications, such as nuclear magnetic resonance signalprocessing, only a few of the sinusoids are of interes...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819416207
Much research has focused on estimating the parameters of a sum of exponentially damped sinusoids. In some applications, such as nuclear magnetic resonance signalprocessing, only a few of the sinusoids are of interest. This paper presents some new frequency-selective techniques for estimating the parameters of sinusoids within a specified frequency region using a subspace and SVD-based estimation algorithm and an FIR filter matrix. The applicable estimation algorithms in this technique are the linear prediction method, the matrix pencil method, Kung et al.'s method and its total-least-squares variant, called the HTLS method. The benefits of the frequency-selective technique combined with the HTLS estimation method are confirmed through simulations.
The concern here is of retrieving damped harmonics and polynomial phase signals in the presence of additive noise. The damping function is not limited to the exponential model, and in certain cases, the additive noise...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819416207
The concern here is of retrieving damped harmonics and polynomial phase signals in the presence of additive noise. The damping function is not limited to the exponential model, and in certain cases, the additive noise does not have to be white. Three classes of algorithms are presented, namely DFT based, Kumaresan-Tufts type extensions, and subspace variants including the MUSIC algorithm. Preference should be based on the available data length and frequency separations. In addition, retrieval of self coupled damped harmonics, which may be present when nonlinearities exist in physical systems, is investigated. Simulation examples illustrate main points of the paper.
In this paper we consider using 'digit serial' processing to build high performance parallel structures, in particular, parallel signal processors. Digit serial arithmetic processors have digit serial data tra...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819406945
In this paper we consider using 'digit serial' processing to build high performance parallel structures, in particular, parallel signal processors. Digit serial arithmetic processors have digit serial data transmission combined with digit serial computation. Three digit serial arithmetic processors are presented and compared with their digit parallel counterparts. We show that by using a digit serial approach we can achieve a higher throughput than with a digit parallel processor, even though the two processors are structurally similar and have components of similar complexity.
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